Social Connections E-Book

Veronika Žilová

• Herausgeber: EDUCatt
• Kategorie: Bildung
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

Questo libro va ad analizzare i comportamenti sociali adottati dalla popolazione slovacca dopo il 1990, anni durante i quali la repubblica Slovacca si scontra con importanti cambiamenti sociali e politici. La situazione odierna, risultato dei mutamenti passati, presenta delle preoccupanti realtà, tra le quali un indice di natalità vicino allo 0. Si registra soprattutto un forte contrasto tra le vecchie generazioni, portatrici degli antichi valori, e le nuove, che rappresentano il futuro del Paese. Il drammatico cambiamento demografico registrato sin dalla fine del secolo scorso in Slovacchia continua ad aumentare, fiancheggiato da un importante innalzamento del tasso di divorzio, soprattutto tra le coppie più giovani. Per spiegare quello che sta succedendo sono state formulate parecchie teorie, che sono qui raccolte ed analizzate nei loro punti forti e nelle loro contraddizioni.

Leseprobe

Chief Editor

Veronika Žilová

Editors

Veronika Žilová & al.

Review

Prof. PhDr. Eva Žiaková, CSc.

Prof. ThDr. ICDr. PaedDr. PhDr. František Dlugoš, PhD.

Dr. Marcin Berliński

© 2013EDUCatt- Ente per il Diritto allo Studio Universitario dell’Università Cattolica

Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan – tel. [phone] – fax [phone]

e-mail: [email protected] (produzione); [email protected] (distribuzione)

web: www.educatt.it/libri

Associato all’AIE – Associazione Italiana Editori

ISBN edizione cartacea: 978-88-6780-071-1

ISBN edizione ePub: 978-88-6780-418-4

copertina: progetto grafico Studio Editoriale EDUCatt

finito di stampare nel dicembre 2013 pressoProntostampa– Fara Gera d’Adda (BG)

Content

Preface

Introduction

Veronika Žilová1. Social policy of the state after 1990

1.1 Social policy of the state

1.2 Family social policy

1.2.1 Determinants of state family policy in Slovakiaafter 1990

1.2.2 Principles and basic priorities of realizingfamily policy

1.3 Transformation of the social sphere after 1989in the Slovak republic

1.4 Social security of family in the Slovak republic

1.4.1 Sickness insurance benefits

1.4.2 Poor-relief benefits

1.5 Additional pays to support alternative child care

1.5.1 Other regulations for prenatal state policyof Slovakia

Veronika Žilová2. Demographic development and reproductive behavior of the Slovak population after 1990

2.1 Demography and social demography

2.1.1 Migration of the population

2.1.2 Ageing of the population

2.2 Reproductive behavior in Slovakia after 1990

2.2.1 Natality

2.2.2 Matrimonial behavior

2.2.3 Family and changes in family

2.3 Second demographic revolution

2.3.1 Value changes as consequence of demographic behavior changes

2.3.2 Further social consequences of demographicbehavior changes and their solution

2.4 Conclusions for the analysis of social policyand demographic and reproductive development of the population in Slovakia

Veronika Žilová3. Attitudes of young people towards own reproductive behaviorand social security in future (result analysis of empiric research)

3.1 Characteristics of research and research pattern

3.2 Attitudes of respondents towards intimate partnership

3.3 Attitudes of respondents towards admitted (raised)amount of children

3.4 Attitudes of respondents towards interconnecting ideasabout the admitted (raised) amount of childrenand social security in future

3.5 Resume of research results

3.6 Social connections between research resultsand the concept of social state policy and social work

3.7 Risks of the stated demographic development ofpopulation in Slovakia

Anna Žilová – Alena Novotná1. The values of young people

4.1 Values and attitudes

4.2 Research in the areas of the attitudes of young peopleand youth

4.3 Values, needs, interests and value orientation

4.4 Choosing life values and their perceptionsin young people in the USA

4.5 The research of values of wealth and attitudes of young people towards poverty

4.6 Interaction of Poverty to Housing andMaterial Income Category

4.6.1 Evaluation of Poverty and Housing Categoryin Roma Families

4.6.2 Evaluation of the Poverty andMaterial Income Category

4.7 The value of work in the employed and unemployed

4.8 An overview of the research of values andvalue orientations in recent years

4.9 The Factors of formal Background Related to theYouth Value Orientation in the USA

4.9.1 Family

4.9.2 School

4.9.3 Mass Media

4.9.4 Ethics and Morality

4.9.5 Religion

4.10 The Factors of Informal Background Related to theYouth Value Orientation in the USA

4.10.1 Peers / Friends and Clusters

4.10.2 Sport

4.10.3 Sex

4.10.4 Busyness and Stress

4.10.5 Parties

4.10.6 Adolescents today

Conclusion

Bibliography

Preface

This publication is aimed at identifying and describing social connections between the demographic development and reproductive behavior of the Slovak population after the year 1990 and it is pointing out their connectivity to practical social work and the scientific field social work. The Slovak republic was and is still going through social and political changes, as well as changes within the economical policy, social policy and the whole social area, mutually influencing based on the demographical development of the society.

The present economically developed society keeps facing the fact that Slovakia deals with low natality and problems within social background. The starting point for our research was the assumption that the economical growth, opening up borders, introduction of a new government, new behavior ideals and models coming from abroad, a freed morality, growth or decrease of income, economical and political security etc. played an important role inthese changes.

The opinions of young people nowadays about the present problems and their behavior influence the country’s course and in future also the situation, concept and possible solutions for social security. If older people represent wisdom and experience of the nation, young people represent the future.

Introduction

We notice that since the early 90ties Slovakia experienced dramatic changes in demographic behavior of people, where the main attention withholds the decrease of natality. This phenomenon is global and it did not pass Slovakia. After passing the year 2000 we can say it is a long-term problem because the natality rate fell under the value of keeping simple reproduction. Behavior changes are accompanied by weakening families in marriage, what displays in decrease of the marital rate, increase of pre-marital co-living and increase of the amount of children born out-of marriage, as well as in high divorce rate. Changes happening in other years have their coherence and are subject to some researches. There are many theories to explain reasons, the most famous one is the theory of second demographic revolution (further DDR), which was written by Dirk van de KAA. This theory talks about possible downfall of the European culture and its exchanging with other cultures (van de KAA, 1999).

After the year 1960 changes lead to weak social connections and commonly recognized values. The social capital of the society weakened, trust towards social institutions and social discipline decreased. The most visible ones are changes in reproduction, values and family picture and relationships between sexes.

Family regression can but does not have to be a consequence to trust regression towards institutions. If we consider how crucial the social function of a family based on marriage as an institution was and is and what unchangeable position it withholds, we will better understand why this change in valuing family has manifold and so often disastrous consequences. Family has a very specific and significant position within institutions of modern democratic society. We agree with the opinion that a democratic autonomy, free economy and liberal culture cannot be without family (Novak, 1991).

A healthy and socially prosperous reproductive function cannot be secured without nuclear family; extramarital natality will not replace the family one. It is possible that ideological artifacts cause the present value crisis of family and family life. Family as an alternative lifestyle, or pluralism of family forms are euphemisms, and concepts of transformation of family do not offer a real image about how for people and the society important functions have to be secured, which family based on marriage holds in our civilization. It is not surprising that lives of individuals, other social institutions and the value and normative system of the society are influenced by this fact (Novak, 1991). This paper states actual attitudes of young people in regard to their reproductive behavior and social security in future in case that an unfavorable situation will arise, connected to age, sex, education, place of birth, religious conviction and other chosen signs as well as connections, which we can see in the relationship between social policy of the state and social work as its tool.

Chapter 1 Social policy of the state after 1990

Veronika Žilová

1.1 Social policy of the state

Social policy as a term was implemented in Slovakia in the late 19th and early 20th century. The oldest definitions are known as poor care, social administration etc. According to Tomeš, I.:

“Social policy is sustainable and deliberate effort of particular social subjects in their own interest to keep or reach a change in the functioning or to subordinate the development of their or a different social system or set of tools for realization of their or another social policy. The result of this sustainable and deliberate effort is activity (functioning), development (improvement) or change (transformation) of the own or another system or set of tools. It displays in deciding (or not deciding) and activity (or non-activity) of social subjects” (Tomes, 2010,p. 29).

Social policy is an interest to improve or change social relations, aninterest, which is systematically observed, aimed at an individual’s living standard, displaying in effort or activity and aimed at functioning ortransformation of the own or foreign social system (Tomes, 2010).

Social policy is about solidarity, which can be natural, fair and productive mainly through dividing expenses. On the other hand it can be unnatural and contra productive through favoring one side and that way harming the other. Goals of solidarity include social development, fighting social harm (illness, illiteracy, poorness and negligence), the effort to keep human dignity and rights for free living and participating in social processes, the effort to be socially included and not socially excluded through being able to reach necessary resources, medical, educational and social services – conditions for a dignified social behavior of people (Tome