Solid State Physics E-Book

Philip Hofmann

• Herausgeber: Wiley-VCH
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 394

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

Filling a gap in the literature for a brief course in solid state physics, this is a clear and concise introduction that not only describes all the basic phenomena and concepts, but also discusses such advanced issues as magnetism and superconductivity. This textbook
assumes only basic mathematical knowledge on the part of the reader and includes more than 100 discussion questions and some 70 problems, with solutions as well as further supplementary material available free to lecturers from the Wiley-VCH website.

Leseprobe

Contents

Preface

1 Chemical Bonding in Solids

1.1 Attractive and Repulsive Forces

1.2 Ionic Bonding

1.3 Covalent Bonding

1.4 Metallic Bonding

1.5 Hydrogen Bonding

1.6 van der Waals Bonding

1.7 Discussion and Problems

2 Crystal Structures

2.1. General Description of Crystal Structures

2.2. Some Important Crystal Structures

2.3. Crystal Structure Determination

2.4. Discussion and Problems

3 Mechanical Properties

3.1 Elastic Deformation

3.2 Plastic Deformation

3.3 Discussion and Problems

4 Thermal Properties of the Lattice

4.1 Lattice Vibrations

4.2 Heat Capacity of the Lattice

4.3 Thermal Conductivity

4.4 Thermal Expansion

4.5 Allotropic Phase Transitions and Melting

4.6 Discussion and Problems

5 Electronic Properties of Metals: Classical Approach

5.1 Basic Assumptions of the Drude Model

5.2 Results from the Drude Model

5.3 Shortcomings of the Drude Model

5.4 Discussion and Problems

6 Electronic Properties of Metals: Quantum Mechanical Approach

6.1 The Idea of Energy Bands

6.2 Free Electron Model

6.3 The General Form of the Electronic States

6.4 Nearly Free Electron Model

6.5 Energy Bands in Real Solids

6.6 Transport Properties

6.7 Brief Review of Some Key Ideas

6.8 Discussion and Problems

7 Semiconductors

7.1 Intrinsic Semiconductors

7.2 Doped Semiconductors

7.3 Conductivity of Semiconductors

7.4 Semiconductor Devices

7.5 Discussion and Problems

8 Magnetism

8.1 Macroscopic Description

8.2 Magnetic Effects in Atoms

8.3 Weak Magnetism in Solids

8.4 Magnetic Ordering

8.5 Discussion and Problems

9 Dielectrics

9.1 Macroscopic Description

9.2 Microscopic Polarization

9.3 The Local Field

9.4 Frequency Dependence of the Dielectric Constant

9.5 Other Effects

9.6 Discussion and Problems

10 Superconductivity

10.1 Basic Experimental Facts

10.2 Some Theoretical Aspects

10.3 Experimental Detection of the Gap

10.4 Coherence of the Superconducting State

10.5 Type I and Type II Superconductors

10.6 High-Temperature Superconductivity

10.7 Concluding Remarks

10.8 Discussion and Problems

11 Finite Solids and Nanostructures

11.1 Quantum Confinement

11.2 Surfaces and Interfaces

11.3 Magnetism on the Nanoscale

11.4 Discussion and Problems

Appendix

A.1 Explicit Forms of Vector Operations

A.2 Microscopic Form of the Maxwell Equations

A.3 The Maxwell Equations in Matter

References

Further Reading

Physical Constants and Energy Equivalents

Index

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The Author

Dr. Philip Hofmann

Institute for Storage Ring Facilities

Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center

University of Aarhus

Denmark

Cover

Band structure of aluminum determined by angle–resolved photoemission. The color plot shows the photoemission intensity along the Γ–X direction. The dashed lines qualitatively track the maximum of the intensity and correspond to the band structure. Data taken from Physical Review B 66, 245422 (2002), see also Fig. 6.10 in this book.

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The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.

© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.

ISBN: 978-3-527-40861-0

Preface

This book emerged from a course on solid-state physics for third-year students of physics and nanoscience, but it should also be useful for students of related fields such as chemistry and engineering. The aim is to provide a bachelor-level survey over the whole field without going into too much detail. With this in mind, a lot of emphasis is put on a didactic presentation and little on stringent mathematical derivations or completeness. For a more in-depth treatment, the reader is referred to the many excellent advanced solid-state physics books. A few are listed in the Appendix.

To follow this text, a basic university-level physics course as well as some working knowledge of chemistry, quantum mechanics, and statistical physics is required. A course in classical electrodynamics is of advantage but not strictly necessary.

Some remarks on how to use this book: Every chapter is accompanied by a set of ‘‘discussion’’ questions and problems. The intention of the questions is to give the students a tool for testing their understanding of the subject. Some of the questions can only be answered with knowledge of later chapters. These are marked by an asterisk. Some of the problems are more of a challenge in that they are more difficult mathematically or conceptually or both. These problems are also marked by an asterisk. Not all the information necessary for solving the problems is given here. For standard data, for example, the density of gold or the atomic weight of copper, the reader is referred to the excellent resources available on the World Wide Web. Several useful resources for lectures, including equations, suggestions for lectures and the solutions to the problems in this book, can be found on the publisher’s web pages. More information, such as an updated list of relevant www pages, can be found on the author’s web pages.

I would like to thank the people who have helped me with many discussions, encouragement and suggestions. In particular, I would like to mention my colleagues Arne Nylandsted Larsen, Ivan Steensgaard, Maria Fuglsang Jensen, Justin Wells, Jørgen Bøttiger and many other instructors and students involved in teaching the course in Aarhus. Finally I thank Jørn Lyngesen for a careful proof-reading of the entire manuscript.