System Design for Telecommunication Gateways E-Book

Alexander Bachmutsky

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 873

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

System Design for Telecommunication Gateways provides a thorough review of designing telecommunication network equipment based on the latest hardware designs and software methods available on the market. Focusing on high-end efficient designs that challenge all aspects of the system architecture, this book helps readers to understand a broader view of the system design, analyze all its most critical components, and select the parts that best fit a particular application. In many cases new technology trends, potential future developments, system flexibility and capability extensions are outlined in preparation for the longevity typical for products in the industry. Key features: * Combines software and hardware aspects of the system design. * Defines components and services supported by open-source and commercial basic and extended software platforms, including operating systems, middleware, security, routing, management layer and more. * Focuses on disruptive technologies. * Provides guidelines for developing software architectures based on multi-threaded, multi-process, multi-instance, multi-core, multi-chip, multi-blade and multi-chassis designs. * Covers a number of advanced high-speed interconnect and fabric interface technologies and their commercial implementations. * Presents different system form factors from compact pizza-box styles to medium and large bladed systems, including IBM BladeCenter, ATCA and microTCA-based chassis. Describes different mezzanine cards, such as PMC, PrPMC, XMC, AMC and others.

Leseprobe

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

2 System View

2.1 System Architecting

2.2 Platform-Based Approach

2.3 System Verification

3 Hardware Technologies and Platforms

3.1 Different Form Factors

3.2 Stacking Chassis

3.3 Cluster Computing

3.4 Inter-Blade Interconnect

3.5 Hardware Solutions for Data, Control and Management Planes Processing

4: Software Technologies and Platforms

4.1 Basic Software Platform

4.2 Expanded Software Platform

4.3 Single-Threaded and Multi-X Software Designs

4.4 Partitioning OS and Virtualization

References

Trademarks

Index

This edition first published 2011

© 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Bachmutsky, Alexander.

System design for telecommunication gateways/Alexander Bachmutsky.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-470-74300-3 (cloth)

1. Gateways (Computer networks) 2. Internetworking (Telecommunication) 3. Telecommunication systems-Design and construction. I. Title.

TK5105.543.B33 2010

004.6–dc22

2010022114

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Print ISBN 9780470743003 (H/B)

ePDF ISBN: 9780470710753

oBook ISBN: 9780470710746

This book is dedicated to my parents, Sophie and Victor, for their unconditional and unlimited love and support. I love you very much.

List of Tables

3.1 Comparison of PICMG specifications 3.2 Computer-on-Module form factors and features 3.3 Xilinx FPGAs - Comparison of features 3.4 Service Flow Creation TLV structure (from WiMAX specification V1.2.2)

Abbreviations

AC Alternating Current ACL Access Control List Advanced TCA, ATCA Advanced TeleCommunication Architecture AIS Application Interface Specification AMC Advanced Mezzanine Card AMP Asymmetric Multi-Processing ANSI American National Standards Institute API Application Programming Interface AS Advanced Switching ASIC Application-specific integrated circuit ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One ASN-GW Access Service Network Gateway (WiMAX) ASSP Application specific standard product ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode BCN Backwards Congestion Notification BECN Backward Explicit Congestion Notification BGP Border Gateway Protocol (routing) BIOS Basic Input/Output System BMP Bound Multi-Processing CAM Content Addressable Memory CAPEX Capital expenditure CG Carrier Grade CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer CLI Command Line Interface CMOS Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor CMT Chip MultiThreaded CoS Class of Service COM Computer-on-Module COTS Commercial off-the-shelf CPCI CompactPCI CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device CP-TA Communications Platforms Trade Association CPU Central Processing Unit CRC Cyclic redundancy check DiffServ Differentiated Services DC Direct Current DFA Deterministic Finite Automaton DIMM Dual in-line memory module DMA Direct Memory Access DoS Denial of Service DPI Deep Packet Inspection DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point DSP Digital Signal Processor ECC Error-Correcting Code EEMBC Embedded Microprocessor Benchmarking Consortium EMI Electro-Magnetic Interference ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute FB_DIMM Fully Buffered DIMM FECN Forward Explicit Congestion Notification FIFO First-In-First-Out FPGA Field-programmable gate array FPU Floating Point Unit FRU Field Replaceable Unit FTP File Transfer Protocol GARP Generic Attribute Registration Protocol GBps Gigabyte per second Gbps Gigabit per second GE Gigabit Ethernet GMRP GARP Multicast Registration Protocol GPGPU General Purpose GPU GPL GNU General Public License GPU Graphics Processing Unit GUI Graphic User Interface GVRP GARP VLAN Registration protocol HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer HDD Hard Disk Drive HPI Hardware Platform Interface HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol HW Hardware IBoE InfiniBand over Ethernet ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol IDE Integrated development environment IDS Intrusion Detection System IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IETF Internet Engineering Task Force IGMP Internet Gateway Management Protocol IKE Internet Key Exchange (protocol) IMDB In-Memory DataBase IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem IO, I/O Input/Output IP Internet Protocol IPC Inter-Process Communication IPMI Intelligent Platform Management Interface IPS Intrusion Protection System IPsec IP Security protocol IPv4 Internet Protocol version IPv6 Internet Protocol version IPC Inter-Process Communication IPTV Internet Protocol television ISA Industry Standard Architecture ISP Internet Service Provider iWARP Internet Wide Area RDMA Protocol LAG Link Aggregation LAN Local Area Network LECN Local Explicit Congestion Notification LTE Long Term Evolution LUT Look-up Table LVDS Low-voltage differential signaling MAC Media Access Control Mbps Megabit per second MCA MultiCore Association MCD MultiCore Design MIB Management Information Base MID Multi-Instance Design MIMD Multiple Instruction Multiple Data MPD Multi-Process Design MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching MPPA Massively Parallel Processor Arrays MS Mobile Subscriber MSID Mobile Subscriber Identifier MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol MTBF Mean Time Between Failures MTD Multi-Threaded Design MTU Maximum Transmission Unit MicroTCA Micro TeleCommunication Architecture MUX Multiplexer NAT Network Address Translation NEBS Network Equipment-Building System NETCONF Network Configuration Protocol NFA Nondeterministic Finite Automaton NP Network Processor NPU Network Processor Unit NUMA Non-Uniform Memory Access NVRAM Non-Volatile RAM O&M Operations and Management OAM&P Operation, Administration, Management, and Provisioning OBSAI Open Base Station Architecture Initiative OPEX Operational expenditure OS Operating System OSPF Open Shortest Path First (IP routing) P2P Peer to peer (communication) PC Personal Computer PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect PCIe PCIEx PCI Express PICMG PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group PMC Processor Mezzanine Card POSIX Portable Operating System Interface [for Unix] PrPMC Processor PMC POA Platform Oriented Architecture QoS Quality Of Service R&D Research and Development RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service RAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks RAM Random Access Memory RDMA Remote Direct Memory Access RegEx Regular Expression RFI Request for Information RFP Request for Proposal RIP Routing Information Protocol (IP routing) RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computing RLDRAM Reduced Latency DRAM RSTP Rapid STP RTL Register Transfer Level RTM Rear Transition Module RTOS Real-Time Operating System SA Forum Service Availability Forum SAN Storage Area Network SAR Segmentation and Reassembly SAS Serial Attached SCSI SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment SBC Single Board Computer SCSI Small Computer System Interface SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol SDK Software Development Kit SHB System Host Board SIG Special Interest Group SIMD Single Instruction Multiple Data SIP Session Initiation Protocol SMP Symmetric Multi-Processing SMT Simultaneous Multithreading SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SoC System on Chip SO-DIMM Small Outline DIMM SOM System-on-Module SPEC Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation SPI System Packet Interface SSH Secured Shell SSL Secure Sockets Layer STD Single-Threaded Design STP Spanning Tree Protocol SW Software TCAM Ternary CAM TDM Time-division multiplexing TEM Telecom Equipment Manufacturer TLB Translation Look-aside Buffer TLS Transport Layer Security TLV Type-Length-Value TM Traffic Management ToS Type of Service U Rack unit (1.75 inch (44.45 mm) high) UDP User Datagram Protocol USB Universal Serial Bus VC Virtual Circuit VLAN Virtual LAN VLIW Very long instruction word VM Virtual Machine VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol VOQ Virtual Output Queue VPN Virtual Private Network VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access WRED Weighted Random Early Detection XAUI 10 Gigabit Attachment Unit Interface XMC Switched Mezzanine Card XML Extensible Markup Language

1

Introduction

The idea for this book was born during one of my project-related trips to the beautiful city of Hangzhou in China, where in the role of Chief Architect I had to guide a team of very young, very smart and extremely dedicated software developers and verification engineers. Soon it became clear that as eager as the team was to jump into the coding, it did not have any experience in system architecture and design and if I did not want to spend all my time in constant travel between San Francisco and Hangzhou, the only option was to groom a number of local junior architects. Logically, one of the first questions being asked by these carefully selected future architects was whether I could recommend a book or other learning material that could speed up the learning cycle. I could not. Of course, there were many books on various related topics, but many of them were too old and most of the updated information was either somewhere on the Internet dispersed between many sites and online magazines, or buried in my brain along with many years of experience of system architecture.

There is no doubt that no book or class can replace experience of system design, but a single and relatively compact information source could still help. This is how the book started. As much as I wanted to create a single comprehensive book, size and time forced me to focus mainly on the technical aspects of the architecture, which are more relevant for junior architects, leaving out the tools, processes and most of business aspects usually handled by senior architects. However, the technical part is changing rapidly, creating a real challenge for such a book: more than once there was there a need to remove or modify chapters because of the disappearance and acquisition of companies, the refocusing of products and technologies (taking into account the fact that the book was written during the global recession) and the emergence of new technologies. The decision to concentrate on the most advanced disruptive technologies made the task even more complex.

The title of the book was chosen in order to limit the scope of the material, but on the other hand it is difficult to call it a simplification: telecommunication is probably one of the most demanding environments for product development with well-defined and very complex data, control and management planes, security and high availability requirements, real-time processing and much-much more. Gateways are selected because they require the most advanced, highly scalable and high-performance implementation; and platform design brings with it the need to integrate hardware and software components to enable easier and faster value-added application development.

An important part of the collection of material and processing it was working with a very large number of companies so as to expose readers to their technologies, products and solutions, while keeping the text as neutral as possible; and I would like to thank all these companies for working patiently with me during all of that time. At the same time, I would like to apologize to those companies that were not included in the book; many times it was not because these technologies were irrelevant or less advanced, but simply because I needed to cut something in order to make sure that the book was published within the specified timeframe.

Originally, I wanted to include examples of successful and failed system designs along with an analysis of the success or failure, but few companies were willing to share such information with the entire world, especially when talking about the failed projects. Maybe, in the next book…

Finally, I would like to thank my wife Lilia, my son Roi and my daughter Iris for their extreme patience and support; please accept my apologies for the limited attention that you received during the writing of this book.

2

System View

2.1 System Architecting

System architecture classes are available from a number of universities (for example, there is the Advanced System Architecture graduate course since 2006 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1 which is available online for download and is highly recommended as a theoretical foundation for anybody interested in this field). There is also excellent information available on the topic from the System Architecture Forum2 hosted jointly by the Embedded Systems Institute (ESI) and the Stevens Institute of Technology (SIT). The Forum brings together the academy and the industry with participation from Nokia, Nokia Siemens Networks, Philips, Raytheon, Federal Aviation Administration, Daimler, FEI Company, Micronic Laser Systems AB, Kongsberg Defense & Aerospace and others. It meets twice a year (once in the United States and once in Europe) and discusses different topics released later as whitepapers, co-edited by Dr Gerrit Muller from ESI and Mr Eirik Hole from SIT, and available for download online at the Forum’s website. One of these whitepapers, ‘The State-of-Practice of Systems Architecting: Where Are We Heading?’, describes the value and the role of system architecture and system architects:

Bridging between needs, constraints and available technologies, providing both technical and business points of view.Definition of system boundaries and their scope.