The Digital Practitioner Pocket Guide E-Book

Andrew Josey

• Herausgeber: Van Haren Publishing
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 174

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2020

Beschreibung

The Digital Practitioner Pocket Guide is designed to be a handy reference guide to selected parts of the Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge™ Standard. It is designed to help: • Those who require a first introduction and basic understanding of the Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge Standard • Individuals who wish to create and manage product offerings with an increasing digital component, or lead their organization through Digital Transformation • IT professionals working within any size organization, from a startup through to a large enterprise, that has adopted digital approaches It covers the following topics: • A brief introduction to the Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge Standard • An introduction to key terminology, key concepts, and the structure of the Body of Knowledge • Basic concepts employed by the Digital Practitioner • The capabilities of digital infrastructure and initial concerns for its effective, efficient, and secure operation • The objectives and activities of application development • Why product management is formalized as a company or team grows, and the differences between product and project management • The key concerns and practices of work management as a team increases in size • The basic concepts and practices of operations management in a digital/IT context • How to coordinate as the organization grows into multiple teams and multiple products • IT investment and portfolio management • Organizational structure, human resources, and cultural factors • Governance, risk, security, and compliance • Information and data management on a large scale • Practices and methods for managing complexity using Enterprise Architecture

Leseprobe

The Digital Practitioner Pocket Guide

The Open Group Publications available from Van Haren Publishing

The TOGAF Series:

The TOGAF® Standard Version 9.2

The TOGAF® Standard Version 9.2 – A Pocket Guide

TOGAF® 9 Foundation Study Guide, 4th Edition

TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide, 4th Edition

TOGAF® Business Architecture Level 1 Study Guide

The Open Group Series:

The IT4IT™ Reference Architecture, Version 2.1

IT4IT™ for Managing the Business of IT – A Management Guide

IT4IT™ Foundation Study Guide, 2nd edition

The IT4IT™ Reference Architecture, Version 2.1 – A Pocket Guide

Cloud Computing for Business – The Open Group Guide

ArchiMate® 3.1 Specification – A Pocket Guide

ArchiMate® 3.1 Specification

The Digital Practitioner Pocket Guide

The Digital Practitioner Foundation Study Guide

The Open Group Security Series:

O-TTPS - A Management Guide

Open Information Security Management Maturity Model (O-ISM3)

Open Enterprise Security Architecture (O-ESA)

Risk Management – The Open Group Guide

The Open FAIR™ Body of Knowledge – A Pocket Guide

All titles are available to purchase from:

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www.vanharen.netand also many international and online distributors.

Title:

The Digital Practitioner Pocket Guide

Series:

The Open Group Series

A Publication of:

The Open Group

Author:

Andrew Josey

Publisher:

Van Haren Publishing, ’s-Hertogenbosch - NL, www.vanharen.net

ISBN Hardcopy:

978 94 018 0710 4

ISBN eBook:

978 94 018 0711 1

ISBN ePUB:

978 94 018 0712 8

Edition:

First edition, first impression, October 2020

Layout and Cover Design: The Open Group

Copyright: © 2020 The Open Group. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner.

The views expressed in this Pocket Guide are not necessarily those of any particular member of The Open Group.

The Digital Practitioner Pocket Guide

Document Number: G207

Published by The Open Group, October 2020.

Comments relating to the material contained in this document may be submitted to: The Open Group

Apex Plaza

Reading

Berkshire, RG1 1AX

United Kingdomor by electronic mail to: [email protected]

Table of Contents

The Digital Practitioner Pocket Guide

Preface

The Open Group

This Document

Conventions Used in this Document

About the Author

Trademarks

Acknowledgments

Referenced Documents

1. Introduction

1.1. Introduction to the Standard

1.2. The Content of the Standard

2. An Introduction to the Body of Knowledge

2.1. Key Terminology

2.2. Digital-First

2.3. Digital Transformation

2.4. The Structure of the Body of Knowledge

3. Digital Fundamentals

3.1. Digital Systems and Value

3.2. Defining Digital

3.3. The Concept of the Digital Stack

3.4. The Digital Lifecycle

3.5. The Three Ways of DevOps

3.6. Defining Consumer, Customer, and Sponsor

3.7. Understanding Digital Context

4. Digital Infrastructure

4.1. What is Infrastructure?

4.2. Virtualization Basics

4.3. Cloud Computing

4.4. Infrastructure as Code

4.5. Securing Infrastructure and Applications

5. Application Delivery

5.1. What is an Application?

5.2. Application Development

5.3. Software Development Practices

5.4. Agile Development

5.5. DevOps

5.6. The Continuous Delivery Pipeline

5.7. Cloud-Native Development

5.8. Securing Applications and Digital Products

6. Product Management

6.1. What is Product Management?

6.2. Process, Project, and Product Management

6.3. Productization as Strategy

6.4. Product Discovery

6.5. Product Design

6.6. Product Team Practices

6.7. Scrum

6.8. Product Planning

7. Work Management

7.1. The Importance of Work Management

7.2. Work Management: Key Questions

7.3. Tracking Work

7.4. Kanban and Lean Practices

7.5. Queues and Limiting Work-In-Process

7.6. Lean Product Development

7.7. Workflow Management

7.8. Systems Thinking and Feedback

8. Operations Management

8.1. Defining Operations Management

8.2. The Concept of Service Level

8.3. State and Configuration

8.4. Monitoring and Event Management

8.5. Capacity and Performance Management

8.6. Operational Response

8.7. Operational Processes

8.8. Operations-Driven Product Demand

9. Coordination and Process

9.1. Factors for Moving to Multiple Teams

9.2. Segmenting One Product into Multiple Teams

9.3. Dependencies and Coordination

9.4. Tools and Techniques for Coordination

9.5. Delivery Models and Coordination

9.6. The Need for Formalized Process Management

9.7. Process Control and Continuous Improvement

9.8. Scrum and Empirical Process Control

10. Investment and Portfolio

10.1. Financial Management

10.2. Digital Sourcing and Contracts

10.3. Cloud Sourcing

10.4. Portfolio Management

10.5. Planning and Estimation

10.6. Project Management

11. Organization and Culture

11.1. Organization Structures

11.2. Alternatives for Structuring Organizations

11.3. IT Resources Management

11.4. Culture

11.5. Industry Frameworks

12. Governance, Risk, Security, and Compliance

12.1. Governance and Management in a Digital Context

12.2. Risk and Compliance

12.3. Assurance

12.4. Audit

12.5. Security

12.6. Evolving Governance for Digital

13. Information Management

13.1. Information Management

13.2. Data Management

13.3. The Ontology Problem

13.4. Data Modeling

13.5. The Concept of System of Record

13.6. Data Quality

13.7. Data Governance

13.8. Agile Information Management Techniques

14. Architecture

14.1. Why Architecture?

14.2. Architecture as a Staff Function

14.3. Enterprise Architecture and the Operating Model

14.4. The Value of Enterprise Architecture

14.5. Architecture Practices

14.6. Architecture Repositories and Knowledge Management

14.7. Architecture Domains

14.8. Agile and Architecture

Index

Preface

The Open Group

The Open Group is a global consortium that enables the achievement of business objectives through technology standards. Our diverse membership of more than 700 organizations includes customers, systems and solutions suppliers, tools vendors, integrators, academics, and consultants across multiple industries.

The mission of The Open Group is to drive the creation of Boundaryless Information Flow™ achieved by:

• Working with customers to capture, understand, and address current and emerging requirements, establish policies, and share best practices

• Working with suppliers, consortia, and standards bodies to develop consensus and facilitate interoperability, to evolve and integrate specifications and open source technologies

• Offering a comprehensive set of services to enhance the operational efficiency of consortia

• Developing and operating the industry’s premier certification service and encouraging procurement of certified products

Further information on The Open Group is available at www.opengroup.org.

The Open Group publishes a wide range of technical documentation, most of which is focused on development of Standards and Guides, but which also includes white papers, technical studies, certification and testing documentation, and business titles. Full details and a catalog are available at www.opengroup.org/library.

This Document

This is the Digital Practitioner Pocket Guide. It is based on selected parts of the Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge™ Standard. It is designed to help:

• Those who require a first introduction and basic understanding of the Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge Standard

• Individuals who wish to create and manage product offerings with an increasing digital component, or lead their organization through Digital Transformation

• IT professionals working within any size organization, from a startup through to a large enterprise, that has adopted digital approaches

The audience for this document is:

• Senior digital business professionals, up to and including C-level, who need an increased awareness of digital practices

•Mid-career IT professionals who need retraining to stay relevant and validate their digital Subject Matter Expert (SME) status in specific domain areas

• Entry-level computing and digital business professionals

• College-level students and computing and digital business majors

The high-level structure of the document is summarized as follows:

•Chapter 1, Introduction provides a brief introduction to the Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge Standard

•Chapter 2, An Introduction to the Body of Knowledge provides a first introduction to key teminology, key concepts such as digital-first, Digital Transformation, and also the structure of the Body of Knowledge

•Chapter 3, Digital Fundamentals describes the basic concepts employed by the Digital Practitioner, such as why people want digital, computing, or IT services; the general outlines of their structure; how they come into being; and how they change over time

•Chapter 4, Digital Infrastructure describes the overall capabilities of digital infrastructure and initial concerns for its effective, efficient, and secure operation

•Chapter 5, Application Delivery describes the fundamental objectives and activities of application development

•Chapter 6, Product Management describes why product management is formalized as a company or team grows, and the differences between product and project management

•Chapter 7, Work Management describes the key concerns and practices of work management as a team increases in size

•Chapter 8, Operations Management describes the basic concepts and practices of operations management in a digital/IT context

•Chapter 9, Coordination and Process describes how to coordinate as the organization grows into multiple teams and multiple products

•Chapter 10, Investment and Portfolio describes aspects of IT investment and portfolio management, including finance, sourcing, portfolio management, Service Catalogs, and project management

•Chapter 11, Organization and Culture describes various aspects of organizational structure, human resources, and cultural factors, as an organization goes through the “team of teams” transition

•Chapter 12, Governance, Risk, Security, and Compliance describes the core aspects of governance, risk, security, and compliance, as an organization operates at enterprise scale

•Chapter 13, Information Management describes the basic aspects of information and data management on a large scale; this involves the establishment of formal governance, control, and management techniques for information

•Chapter 14, Architecture describes key practices and methods for managing complexity using Enterprise Architecture

Conventions Used in this Document

The following conventions are used throughout this document in order to help identify important information and avoid confusion over the intended meaning:

• Ellipsis (…)Indicates a continuation; such as an incomplete list of example items, or a continuation from preceding text.

•BoldUsed to highlight specific terms.

•ItalicsUsed for emphasis. May also refer to other external documents.

In addition to typographical conventions, the following convention is used to highlight segments of text:

Note

A Note box is used to highlight useful or interesting information.

About the Author

This document builds on materials from the Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge Standard published by The Open Group. The author listed here has prepared this document. See the Acknowledgements section for more information.

Andrew Josey, The Open Group

Andrew Josey is VP Standards and Certification, overseeing all certification and testing programs of The Open Group. He also manages the standards process for The Open Group. Since joining the company in 1996, Andrew has been closely involved with the standards development, certification, and testing activities of The Open Group. He has led many standards development projects including specification and certification development for the ArchiMate®, TOGAF®, POSIX®, and UNIX® programs. Most recently he has led the development of the TOGAF Business Architecture Level 1 certification credential and DPBoK Foundation certification. He has led the automation of The Open Group standards development using a GitLab-based automated build toolchain. He is the lead author of this document.

He is a member of the IEEE, USENIX, and the Association of Enterprise Architects (AEA). He holds an MSc in Computer Science from University College London.

Trademarks

ArchiMate®, DirecNet®, Making Standards Work®, Open O® logo, Open O and Check® Certification logo, OpenPegasus®, Platform 3.0®, The Open Group®, TOGAF®, UNIX®, UNIXWARE®, and the Open Brand X® logo are registered trademarks and Agile Architecture Framework™, Boundaryless Information Flow™, Build with Integrity Buy with Confidence™, Dependability Through Assuredness™, Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge™, DPBoK™, EMMM™, FACE™, the FACE™ logo, FBP™, FHIM Profile Builder™, the FHIM logo, IT4IT™, the IT4IT™ logo, O-AAF™, O-DEF™, O-HERA™, O-PAS™, Open FAIR™, Open Platform 3.0™, Open Process Automation™, Open Subsurface Data Universe™, Open Trusted Technology Provider™, O-SDU™, Sensor Integration Simplified™, SOSA™, and the SOSA™ logo are trademarks of The Open Group.

Amazon™ is a trademark of Amazon.com, Inc.

Android™ is a trademark of Google LLC.

Apple® is a registered trademark of Apple Inc.

CISSP® is a registered certification mark of the International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium, Inc.

COBIT® is a registered trademark of ISACA.

DMBOK® is a registered trademark of DAMA International.

Facebook® is a registered trademark of Facebook, Inc.

GitHub® is a registered trademark of GitHub, Inc.

GitLab® is a registered trademark of GitLab, Inc.

Google® is a registered trademark of Google LLC.

IBM® is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.

IIBA®, BABOK® Guide, and the Business Analysis Body of Knowledge® are registered trademarks of the International Institute of Business Analysis.

ITIL® is a registered trademark of AXELOS Limited.

Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the US and other countries.

Microsoft® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Netflix® is a registered trademark of Netflix, Inc.

Oracle® and Java® are registered trademarks and JavaScript™ is a trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

PMBOK® is a registered trademark of the Project Management Institute, Inc.

SAP® is a registered trademark of SAP SE in Germany and in several other countries.

Spotify™ is a trademark of Spotify AB.

All other brands, company, and product names are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks that are the sole property of their respective owners.

Acknowledgments

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges The Open Group Digital Practitioners Work Group for developing the standard on which this document is based, and from which extensive material is drawn.

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the contribution of the following people in the development of this document:

• Charles Betz

• David Lounsbury

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the following reviewers who participated in the review of this document:

• Steve Else

• Chris Frost

• Paul Homan

• Robert Weisman

Referenced Documents

The following documents are referenced in this Guide.

(Please note that the links below are good at the time of writing but cannot be guaranteed for the future.)

[1] M. L. Abbott, M. T. Fisher, and T. Keeven, The Art of Scalability, Scalable Web Architecture, Processes, and Organizations for the Modern Enterprise, June 2015, published by Addison-Wesley

[2] G. Adzic, Impact Mapping: Making a Big Impact with Software Products and Projects, October 2012, published by Provoking Thoughts

[3] D. J. Anderson, Kanban: Successful Evolutionary Change for your Technology Business, April 2010, published by Blue Hole Press

[4] K. Beck, Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change, 2000, published by Addison-Wesley

[5] K. Beck et al., Manifesto for Agile Software Development, 2001; refer to www.agilemanifesto.org/

[6] K. Beck et al., Principles behind the Agile Manifesto, 2001; refer to www.agilemanifesto.org/principles.html

[7] C. Betz, The CMDB is Not a Data Warehouse, 2011, Integrated IT Management, published by Enterprise Management Associates

[8] J. Bezos, 2016 Letter to Amazon Shareholders, April 2017; refer to www.blog.aboutamazon.com/company-news/2016-letter-to-shareholders

[9] S. Blank, The Four Steps to the Epiphany: Successful Strategies for Products That Win, July, 2013, published by K & S Ranch

[10] F. P. Brooks, The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering, April 1975, published by Addison-Wesley

[11] M. Buckingham and A. Goodall, Reinventing Performance Management, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 93, No. 4, 2015

[12] J. Carlzon, Moments of Truth, 1987, published by Ballinger Pub Co

[13] M. E. Conway, How Do Committees Invent?, April 1968, published in Datamation Magazine; refer to www.melconway.com/research/committees.html

[14] J. DeLuccia, J. Gallimore, G. Kim, and B. Miller, The DevOps Audit Defense Toolkit, March 2015, published by IT Revolution

[15] A. Edmondson, Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 44, No. 2, June 1999, published by the Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University

[16]P. Harpring, Introduction to Controlled Vocabularies: Terminology for Art, Architecture and other Cultural Works, April 2010, published by Getty Publications

[17] L. Hassi and M. Laasko, Design Thinking in the Management Discourse: Defining the Elements of the Concept, June 2011, published by the 18th International Product Development Management Conference

[18] D. Hornford, S. Sabesan, V. Sriram, and K. Street, The Seven Levers of Digital Transformation (W17d), September 2017, published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/w17d

[19] M. Housman and D. Minor, Toxic Workers, 2015, published by Harvard Business School

[20] ISACA, COBIT® 5, 2012; refer to m.isaca.org/cobit/Documents/COBIT-5-Introduction.pdf

[21] W. A. Kahn, Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 33, No.4, December 1990, published by Academy of Management

[22] G. Kim, J. Humble, P. Debois, and J. Willis, The DevOps Handbook: How to Create World-Class Agility, Reliability, and Security in Technology Organizations, December 2016, published by Trade Select

[23] T. A. Limoncelli, S. R. Chalup, and C. J. Hogan, The Practice of Cloud System Administration: Designing and Operating Large Distributed Systems, September 2014, published by Addison-Wesley

[24] T. Malone and K. Crowston, The Interdisciplinary Study of Coordination, ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 26, No. 1, March 1994

[25] S. S. McChrystal, T. Collins, D. Silverman, and C. Fussell, Team of Teams: New Rules of Engagement for a Complex World, November 2015, published by Penguin

[26] P. Mell and T. Grance, The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing, Special Publication 800-145, September 2011, published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology; refer to nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-145.pdf

[27] K. Morris, Infrastructure as Code: Managing Servers in the Cloud, June 2016, published by O’Reilly Media

[28] A. Osterwalder and Y. Pigneur, Business Model Generation, July 2010, published by Wiley

[29] D. Parkhill, Challenge of the Computer Utility, September 1966, published by Addison-Wesley

[30] M. Poppendieck and T. Poppendieck, Implementing Lean Software Development: From Concept to Cash, September 2006, published by Addison-Wesley

[31] D.G. Reinertsen, Managing the Design Factory: a Product Developer’s Toolkit, March 1998, published by Free Press

[32] E. Ries, The Lean Startup: How Constant Innovation Creates Radically Successful Businesses, October 2011, published by Portfolio Penguin

[33] E. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, November 2003, published by Free Press

[34]W. E. Schneider, The Reengineering Alternative: a Plan for Making Your Current Culture Work, September 1999, published by McGraw-Hill

[35] K. Schwaber, The Enterprise and Scrum, June 2007, published by Microsoft Press

[36] K. Schwaber and M. I. Beedle, Agile Software Development with Scrum, October 2001, published by Pearson

[37] C. Sims and H. L. Johnson, Scrum: a Breathtakingly Brief and Agile Introduction, April 2012, published by Dymaxicon

[38] P. G. Smith and D.G. Reinertsen, Developing Products in Half the Time: New Rules, New Tools, October 1997, published by Wiley

[39] D. E. Strode and S. L. Huff, A Taxonomy of Dependencies in Agile Software Development, 2012, 23rd Australasian Conference on Information Systems

[40] D. E. Strode, S. L. Huff, B. Hope, and S. Link, Coordination in Co-located Agile Software Development Projects, The Journal of Systems and Software, Vol. 85, June 2012.

[41] The Open Group, ArchiMate® 3.1 Specification, a standard of The Open Group (C197), November 2019, published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/c197

[42] The Open Group, The Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge™ Standard, (The DPBoK™ Standard), a standard of The Open Group (C196), July 2019, published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/c196

[43] The Open Group IT4IT™ Reference Architecture, Version 2.1, a standard of The Open Group (C171), January 2017, published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/c171

[44] The Open Group, TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Models (G18A) June 2018, published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/g18a

[45] The Open Group, The TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2, a standard of The Open Group (C182), April 2018, published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/c182

[46] W. Royce, Managing the Development of Large Software Systems, August 1970, published by Proc. IEEE WESCON

[47] M. Treacy and F. Wiersma, The Discipline of Market Leaders: Choose Your Customers, Narrow Your Focus, Dominate Your Market, January 1997, published by Basic Books

Chapter 1. Introduction

The Digital Practitioner in today’s work environment encounters a confusing and diverse array of opinions and diverging viewpoints. This document aims to introduce the practitioner to a foundational set of concepts to make sense of the landscape they find in any organization attempting to deliver digital products. It is based on the Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge Standard. It is not intended as a replacement for the standard, but a first introduction.

Topics addressed in this chapter include:

• An introduction to the Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge Standard

• An overview of the content of the standard

1.1. Introduction to the Standard

The Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge Standard is intended broadly for the development of the Digital Practitioner or professional. It seeks to provide guidance for both new entrants into the digital workforce as well as experienced practitioners seeking to update their understanding on how all the various themes and components of digital and IT management fit together in the new world.