The Four Vedas E-Book

The Four Vedas

• Herausgeber: Delphi Publishing Ltd
• Kategorie: Poesie und Drama
• Serie: Eastern Treasures
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 9154

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2025

Beschreibung

The Four Vedas, the ‘Rigveda’, ‘Yajurveda’, ‘Samaveda’ and the ‘Atharvaveda’ are the primary texts of Hinduism. They comprise vast collections of poems and hymns, composed in archaic Sanskrit by Indo-European-speaking peoples that flourished in northwest India during the 2nd millennium BC. These sacred works celebrate a wide pantheon of gods, including natural and cosmic phenomena, as well as abstract qualities. The ‘Rigveda’, the foremost of the Vedas, is among the oldest extant texts of world literature. Noted for their beautiful language and metrical brilliance, these hymns reveal philosophical depth and great spiritual understanding. Delphi’s Eastern Treasures Series provides eReaders with rare and precious texts of Asian literature, featuring prominent works of history, fiction, religion and philosophy, complemented with the original texts. This eBook presents the complete four Vedas, with illustrations, informative introductions and the usual Delphi bonus material. (Version 1)

* Beautifully illustrated with images relating to Vedas and their composition
* Features the complete translations of the four Vedas of ancient India
* Translations by Ralph T. H. Griffith and Arthur Berriedale Keith
* Both the Black and White ‘Yajurveda’
* Also includes the complete Sanskrit text of the ‘Rigveda’
* Concise introduction to the Vedas
* Excellent formatting of the texts
* Easily locate the hymns you want to read with individual contents tables
* Provides a special dual English and Sanskrit text of the ‘Rigveda’, allowing readers to compare the texts hymn by hymn — ideal for students
* Features a bonus resource — discover Macdonell’s seminal study ‘A History of Sanskrit Literature’

CONTENTS:

The Translations
Rigveda
Yajurveda (Black)
Yajurveda (White)
Samaveda
Atharvaveda

The Original Text
Rigveda (Sanskrit Text)

The Dual Text
Rigveda (Sanskrit and English Text)

The Resource
A History of Sanskrit Literature (1900) by Arthur Anthony Macdonell

Leseprobe

The Sacred Hindu Texts of

THE FOUR VEDAS

(c. 1500-1200 BC)

Contents

The Translations

Rigveda

Yajurveda (Black)

Yajurveda (White)

Samaveda

Atharvaveda

The Original Text

Rigveda (Sanskrit Text)

The Dual Text

Rigveda (Sanskrit and English Text)

The Resource

A History of Sanskrit Literature (1900) by Arthur Anthony Macdonell

The Delphi Classics Catalogue

© Delphi Classics 2025

Version 1

Browse our Eastern Treasures here…

Eastern Treasures Series

THE FOUR VEDAS

By Delphi Classics, 2025

COPYRIGHT

The Four Vedas - Sacred Hindu Texts

First published in the United Kingdom in 2025 by Delphi Classics.

© Delphi Classics, 2025.

All rights reserved.  No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form other than that in which it is published.

ISBN: 978 1 80170 246 1

Delphi Classics

is an imprint of

Delphi Publishing Ltd

Hastings, East Sussex

United Kingdom

Contact: [email protected]

www.delphiclassics.com

The Translations

The modern-day town of Assandh, Haryana, northern india — the site of Āsandīvat, the first Kuru kingdom capital in Iron Age India

The Vedic period (c. 1500 – c. 500 BC) occurred in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age of India, when the Vedas were composed in the northern Indian subcontinent, between the end of the urban Indus Valley Civilisation and a second urbanisation, which began in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain c. 600 BC.

Map detailing the Late Vedic period

Rigveda

Translated by Ralph T. H. Griffith, 1889

The Vedas are a collection of poems and hymns composed in archaic Sanskrit by Indo-European-speaking peoples, who flourished in northwest India during the second millennium BC. No definite date can be ascribed to their composition, though the period of about 1500-1200 BC is accepted by most scholars. The hymns formed a liturgical body that in part grew up around the soma ritual and sacrifice, being recited or chanted. These hymns praised a wide pantheon of gods, some of whom personified natural and cosmic phenomena, such as fire (Agni), the Sun (Surya and Savitri), dawn (Ushas, a goddess), storms (the Rudras) and rain (Indra), while others represented abstract qualities such as friendship (Mitra), moral authority (Varuna), kingship (Indra) and speech (Vach).

The canonical division of the Vedas into four parts is:

Rigveda (RV)

Yajurveda (YV, with the main division TS vs. VS)

Samaveda (SV)

Atharvaveda (AV)

The oldest known Vedic Sanskrit text, the Rigveda “praise or knowledge” is a collection of hymns (sūktas), which has survived by being orally transmitted with precision since the second millennium BC, through methods of memorisation of exceptional complexity. Philological and linguistic evidence indicates that the bulk of the extant text was composed in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, most likely between c. 1500 and 1000 BC. The core text Rigveda Samhita comprises ten books (maṇḍalas) with 1,028 hymns (sūktas), containing about 10,600 verses. In the eight books — Books 2-9 — that were composed the earliest, the hymns predominantly discuss cosmology, rites required to earn the favour of the gods, as well as praise of the deities. Books 1 and 10 also deal with philosophical or speculative questions, virtues such as dāna (charity) in society, questions about the origin of the universe and the nature of the divine, and other metaphysical issues in their hymns.

The hymns of the Rigveda are notably similar to the most archaic poems of the Iranian and Greek language families, the Gathas of old Avestan and The Iliad of Homer. Its preserved archaic syntax and morphology are of vital importance in the reconstruction of the common ancestor language Proto-Indo-European. Some of the verses continue to be recited during Hindu prayer and celebration of rites of passage, such as weddings and funerals, meaning it is likely the world’s oldest religious text in continual use.

The hymns are arranged in collections, each dealing with a particular deity: Agni comes first, Indra second, and so on. They are attributed and dedicated to a rishi (sage) and his family of students. Within each collection, the hymns are arranged in descending order of the number of stanzas per hymn. If two hymns in the same collection have equal numbers of stanzas then they are arranged so that the number of syllables in the metre are in descending order. The second to seventh mandalas have a uniform format. The sūktas in turn consist of individual stanzas called ṛc (“praise”), which are further analysed into units of verse called pada (“foot”). The hymns of the Rigveda are composed in varying poetic metres in Vedic Sanskrit. The most common metres are the gayatri (3 verses of 8 syllables), anushtubh (4 verses of 8 syllables), trishtubh (4 verses of 11 syllables) and jagati (4 verses of 12 syllables).

‘Rigveda’ manuscript in Devanāgarī, early nineteenth century. After a scribal benediction (śrīgaṇéśāyanamaḥ oṁ), the first line has the first pada, RV 1.1.1a (agniṃ iḷe puraḥ-hitaṃ yajñasya devaṃ ṛtvijaṃ). The pitch-accent is marked by underscores and vertical overscores in red.

CONTENTS

BOOK I.

BOOK II.

BOOK III.

BOOK IV.

BOOK V.

BOOK VI.

BOOK VII.

BOOK VIII.

BOOK IX.

BOOK X.

DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS

Statue of the god Agni the Fire-holder, 100 BC, Mathura Museum.  Agni is the Hindu god of fire and the addressee of the first book of hymns.

BOOK I.

HYMN I. Agni.

1   I laud Agni, the chosen Priest, God, minister of sacrifice,The hotar, lavishest of wealth.2   Worthy is Agni to be praised by living as by ancient seers.He shall bring hitherward the Gods.3   Through Agni man obtaineth wealth, yea, plenty waxing day by day,Most rich in heroes, glorious.4   Agni, the perfect sacrifice which thou encompassest aboutVerily goeth to the Gods.5   May Agni, sapient-minded Priest, truthful, most gloriously great,The God, come hither with the Gods.6   Whatever blessing, Agni, thou wilt grant unto thy worshipper,That, Aṅgiras, is indeed thy truth.7   To thee, dispeller of the night, O Agni, day by day with prayerBringing thee reverence, we come8   Ruler of sacrifices, guard of Law eternal, radiant One,Increasing in thine own abode.9   Be to us easy of approach, even as a father to his son:Agni, be with us for our weal.

HYMN II. Vāyu.

1   BEAUTIFUL Vāyu, come, for thee these Soma drops have been prepared:Drink of them, hearken to our call.2   Knowing the days, with Soma juice poured forth, the singers glorifyThee, Vāyu, with their hymns of praise.3   Vāyu, thy penetrating stream goes forth unto the worshipper,Far-spreading for the Soma draught.4   These, Indra-Vāyu, have been shed; come for our offered dainties’ sake:The drops are yearning for you both.5   Well do ye mark libations, ye Vāyu and Indra, rich in spoil!So come ye swiftly hitherward.6   Vāyu and Indra, come to what the Soma-presser hath prepared:Soon, Heroes, thus I make my prayer.7   Mitra, of holy strength, I call, and foe-destroying Varuṇa,Who make the oil-fed rite complete.8   Mitra and Varuṇa, through Law, lovers and cherishers of Law,Have ye obtained your might power9   Our Sages, Mitra-Varuṇa, wide dominion, strong by birth,Vouchsafe us strength that worketh well.

HYMN III. Aśvins

1   YE Aśvins, rich in treasure, Lords of splendour, having nimble hands,Accept the sacrificial food.2   Ye Aśvins, rich in wondrous deeds, ye heroes worthy of our praise,Accept our songs with mighty thought.3   Nāsatyas, wonder-workers, yours are these libations with clipt grass:Come ye whose paths are red with flame.4   O Indra marvellously bright, come, these libations long for thee,Thus by fine fingers purified.5   Urged by the holy singer, sped by song, come, Indra, to the prayers,Of the libation-pouring priest.6   Approach, O Indra, hasting thee, Lord of Bay Horses, to the prayers.In our libation take delight.7   Ye Viśvedevas, who protect, reward, and cherish men, approachYour worshipper’s drink-offering.8   Ye Viśvedevas, swift at work, come hither quickly to the draught,As milch-kine hasten to their stalls.9   The Viśvedevas, changing shape like serpents, fearless, void of guile,Bearers, accept the sacred draught10   Wealthy in spoil, enriched with hymns, may bright Sarasvatī desire,With eager love, our sacrifice.11   Inciter of all pleasant songs, inspirer of all gracious thought,Sarasvatī accept our rite12   Sarasvatī, the mighty flood, — she with her light illuminates,She brightens every pious thought.

HYMN IV. Indra

1   As a good cow to him who milks, we call the doer of fair deeds,To our assistance day by day.2   Come thou to our libations, drink of Soma; Soma-drinker thou!The rich One’s rapture giveth kine.3   So may we be acquainted with thine innermost benevolence:Neglect us not, come hitherward.4   Go to the wise unconquered One, ask thou of Indra, skilled in song,Him who is better than thy friends.5   Whether the men who mock us say, Depart unto another place,Ye who serve Indra and none else;6   Or whether, God of wondrous deeds, all our true people call us blest,Still may we dwell in Indra’s care.7   Unto the swift One bring the swift, man-cheering, grace of sacrifice,That to the Friend gives wings and joy.8   Thou, Śatakratu, drankest this and wast the Vṛtras’ slayer; thouHelpest the warrior in the fray.9   We strengthen, Śatakratu, thee, yea, thee the powerful in fight,That, Indra, we may win us wealth.10   To him the mighty stream of wealth, prompt friend of him who pours the juice,Yea, to this Indra sing your song.

HYMN V. Indra.

1   O COME ye hither, sit ye down: to Indra sing ye forth, your song,companions, bringing hymns of praise.2   To him the richest of the rich, the Lord of treasures excellent,Indra, with Soma juice outpoured.3   May he stand by us in our need and in abundance for our wealth:May he come nigh us with his strength.4   Whose pair of tawny horses yoked in battles foemen challenge not:To him, to Indra sing your song.5   Nigh to the Soma-drinker come, for his enjoyment, these pure drops,The Somas mingled with the curd.6   Thou, grown at once to perfect strength, wast born to drink the Soma juice,Strong Indra, for preëminence.7   O Indra, lover of the song, may these quick Somas enter thee:May they bring bliss to thee the Sage.8   Our chants of praise have strengthened thee, O Śatakratu, and our laudsSo strengthen thee the songs we sing.9   Indra, whose succour never fails, accept these viands thousandfold,Wherein all manly powers abide.10   O Indra, thou who lovest song, let no man hurt our bodies, keepSlaughter far from us, for thou canst.

HYMN VI. Indra.

1   They who stand round him as he moves harness the bright, the ruddy SteedThe lights are shining in the sky.2   On both sides to the car they yoke the two bay coursers dear to him,Bold, tawny, bearers of the Chief.3   Thou, making light where no light was, and form, O men: where form was not,Wast born together with the Dawns.4   Thereafter they, as is their wont, threw off the state of babes unborn,Assuming sacrificial names.5   Thou, Indra, with the Tempest-Gods, the breakers down of what is firm,Foundest the kine even in the cave.6   Worshipping even as they list, singers laud him who findeth wealth,The far-renowned, the mighty One.7   Mayest thou verily be seen coming by fearless Indra’s side:Both joyous, equal in your sheen.8   With Indra’s well beloved hosts, the blameless, hastening to heaven,The sacrificer cries aloud.9   Come from this place, O Wanderer, or downward from the light of heaven:Our songs of praise all yearn for this.10   Indra we seek to give us help, from here, from heaven above the earth,Or from the spacious firmament.

HYMN VII. Indra.

1   INDRA the singers with high praise, Indra reciters with their lauds,Indra the choirs have glorified.2   Indra hath ever close to him his two bay steeds and word-yoked car,Indra the golden, thunder-armed.3   Indra hath raised the Sun on high in heaven, that he may see afar:He burst the mountain for the kine.4   Help us, O Indra, in the frays, yea, frays, where thousand spoils are gained,With awful aids, O awful One.5   In mighty battle we invoke Indra, Indra in lesser fight,The Friend who bends his bolt at fiends.6   Unclose, our manly Hero, thou for ever bounteous, yonder cloud,For us, thou irresistible.7   Still higher, at each strain of mine, thunder-armed Indra’s praises rise:I find no laud worthy of him.8   Even as the bull drives on the herds, he drives the people with his might,The Ruler irresistible:9   Indra who rules with single sway men, riches, and the fivefold raceOf those who dwell upon the earth.10   For your sake from each side we call Indra away from other men:Ours, and none others’, may he be.

HYMN VIII. Indra.

1   INDRA, bring wealth that gives delight, the victor’s ever-conquering wealth,Most excellent, to be our aid;2   By means of which we may repel our foes in battle hand to hand,By thee assisted with the car.3   Aided by thee, the thunder-armed, Indra, may we lift up the bolt,And conquer all our foes in fight.4   With thee, O India, for ally with missile-darting heroes, mayWe conquer our embattled foes.5   Mighty is Indra, yea supreme; greatness be his, the Thunderer:Wide as the heaven extends his power6   Which aideth those to win them sons, who come as heroes to the fight,Or singers loving holy thoughts.7   His belly, drinking deepest draughts of Soma, like an ocean swells,Like wide streams from the cope of heaven.8   So also is his excellence, great, vigorous, rich in cattle, likeA ripe branch to the worshipper.9   For verily thy mighty powers, Indra, are saving helps at onceUnto a worshipper like me.10   So are his lovely gifts; let lauds and praises be to Indra sung,That he may drink the Soma juice.

HYMN IX. Indra.

1   COME, Indra, and delight thee with the juice at all the Soma feasts,Protector, mighty in thy strength.2   To Indra pour ye forth the juice, the active gladdening juice to himThe gladdening, omnific God.3   O Lord of all men, fair of cheek, rejoice thee in the gladdening lauds,Present at these drink-offerings.4   Songs have outpoured themselves to thee, Indra, the strong, the guardian Lord,And raised themselves unsatisfied.5   Send to us bounty manifold, O Indra, worthy of our wish,For power supreme is only thine.6   O Indra, stimulate thereto us emulously fain for wealth,And glorious, O most splendid One.7   Give, Indra, wide and lofty fame, wealthy in cattle and in strength,Lasting our life-time, failing not.8   Grant us high fame, O Indra, grant riches bestowing thousands, thoseFair fruits of earth borne home in wains.9   Praising with songs the praise-worthy who cometh to our aid, we callIndra, the Treasure-Lord of wealth.10   To lofty Indra, dweller by each libation, the pious manSings forth aloud a strengthening hymn.

HYMN X. Indra.

1   THE chanters hymn thee, they who say the word of praise magnify thee.The priests have raised thee up on high, O Śatakratu, like a pole.2   As up he clomb from ridge to ridge and looked upon the toilsome task,Indra observes this wish of his, and the Rain hastens with his troop.3   Harness thy pair of strong bay steeds, long-maned, whose bodies fill the girths,And, Indra, Soma-drinker, come to listen to our songs of praise.4   Come hither, answer thou the song, sing in approval, cry aloud.Good Indra, make our prayer succeed, and prosper this our sacrifice.5   To Indra must a laud be said, to strengthen him who freely gives,That Śakra may take pleasure in our friendship and drink-offerings.6   Him, him we seek for friendship, him for riches and heroic might.For Indra, he is Śakra, he shall aid us while he gives us wealth.7   Easy to turn and drive away, Indra, is spoil bestowed by thee.Unclose the stable of the kine, and give us wealth O Thunder-armed8   The heaven and earth contain thee not, together, in thy wrathful mood.Win us the waters of the sky, and send us kine abundantly.9   Hear, thou whose ear is quick, my call; take to thee readily my songsO Indra, let this laud of mine come nearer even than thy friend.10   We know thee mightiest of all, in battles hearer of our cry.Of thee most mighty we invoke the aid that giveth thousandfold.11   O Indra, Son of Kuśika, drink our libation with delight.Prolong our life anew, and cause the seer to win a thousand gifts.12   Lover of song, may these our songs on every side encompass thee:Strengthening thee of lengthened life, may they be dear delights to thee.

HYMN XI. Indra.

1   ALL sacred songs have magnified Indra expansive as the sea,The best of warriors borne on cars, the Lord, the very Lord of strength.2   Strong in thy friendship, Indra, Lord of power and might, we have no fear.We glorify with praises thee, the never-conquered conqueror.3   The gifts of Indra from of old, his saving succours, never fail,When to the praise-singers he gives the boon of substance rich in kine.4   Crusher of forts, the young, the wise, of strength unmeasured, was he bornSustainer of each sacred rite, Indra, the Thunderer, much-extolled.5   Lord of the thunder, thou didst burst the cave of Vala rich in cows.The Gods came pressing to thy side, and free from terror aided thee,6   I, Hero, through thy bounties am come to the flood addressing thee.Song-lover, here the singers stand and testify to thee thereof.7   The wily Śuṣṇa, Indra! thou o’erthrewest with thy wondrous powers.The wise beheld this deed of thine: now go beyond their eulogies.8   Our songs of praise have glorified Indra who ruleth by his might,Whose precious gifts in thousands come, yea, even more abundantly.

HYMN XII. Agni.

1   WE choose Agni the messenger, the herald, master of all wealth,Well skilled in this our sacrifice.2   With callings ever they invoke Agni, Agni, Lord of the House,Oblation-bearer, much beloved.3   Bring the Gods hither, Agni, born for him who strews the sacred grass:Thou art our herald, meet for praise.4   Wake up the willing Gods, since thou, Agni, performest embassage:Sit on the sacred grass with Gods.5   O Agni, radiant One, to whom the holy oil is poured, burn upOur enemies whom fiends protect.6   By Agni Agni is inflamed, Lord of the House, wise, young, who bearsThe gift: the ladle is his mouth.7   Praise Agni in the sacrifice, the Sage whose ways are ever true,The God who driveth grief away.8   God, Agni, be his strong defence who lord of sacrificial gifts,Worshippeth thee the messenger.9   Whoso with sacred gift would fain call Agni to the feast of Gods,O Purifier, favour him.10   Such, Agni, Purifier, bright, bring hither to our sacrifice,To our oblation bring the Gods.11   So lauded by our newest song of praise bring opulence to us,And food, with heroes for our sons.12   O Agni, by effulgent flame, by all invokings of the Gods,Show pleasure in this laud of ours.

HYMN XIII. Agni

1   AGNI, well-kindled, bring the Gods for him who offers holy gifts.Worship them, Purifier, Priest.2   Son of Thyself, present, O Sage, our sacrifice to the Gods today.Sweet to the taste, that they may feast.3   Dear Narāśaṁsa, sweet of tongue, the giver of oblations, IInvoke to this our sacrifice.4   Agni, on thy most easy car, glorified, hither bring the Gods:Manu appointed thee as Priest.5   Strew, O ye wise, the sacred grass that drips with oil, in order due,Where the Immortal is beheld.6   Thrown open be the Doors Divine, unfailing, that assist the rite,For sacrifice this day and now.7   I call the lovely Night and Dawn to seat them on the holy grassAt this our solemn sacrifice.8   The two Invokers I invite, the wise, divine and sweet of tongue,To celebrate this our sacrifice.9   Iḷā, Sarasvatī, Mahī, three Goddesses who bring delight,Be seated, peaceful, on the grass.10   Tvaṣṭar I call, the earliest born, the wearer of all forms at will:May he be ours and ours alone.11   God, Sovran of the Wood, present this our oblation to the Gods,And let the giver be renowned.12   With Svāhā pay the sacrifice to Indra in the offerer’s house:Thither I call the Deities.

HYMN XIV. Viśvedevas.

1   To drink the Soma, Agni, come, to our service and our songs.With all these Gods; and worship them.2   The Kaṇvas have invoked thee; they, O Singer, sing thee songs of praiseAgni, come hither with the Gods;3   Indra, Vāyu, Bṛhaspati, Mitra, Agni, Pūṣan, Bhaga,Ādityas, and the Marut host.4   For you these juices are poured forth that gladden and exhilarate,The meath-drops resting in the cup.5   The sons of Kaṇva fain for help adore thee, having strewn the grass,With offerings and all things prepared.6   Let the swift steeds who carry thee, thought-yoked and dropping holy oil,Bring the Gods to the Soma draught.7   Adored, the strengtheners of Law, unite them, Agni, with their Dames:Make them drink meath, O bright of tongue.8   Let them, O Agni, who deserve worship and praise drink with thy tongueThe meath in solemn sacrifice.9   Away, from the Sun’s realm of light, the wise invoking Priest shall bringAll Gods awaking with the dawn.10   With all the Gods, with Indra, with Vāyu, and Mitra’s splendours, drink,Agni, the pleasant Soma juice.11   Ordained by Manu as our Priest, thou sittest, Agni, at each rite:Hallow thou this our sacrifice.12   Harness the Red Mares to thy car, the Bays, O God, the flaming ones:With those bring hitherward the Gods.

HYMN XV. Ṛtu.

1   O INDRA drink the Soma juice with Ṛtu; let the cheering dropsSink deep within, which settle there.2   Drink from the Purifier’s cup, Maruts, with Ṛtu; sanctifyThe rite, for ye give precious gifts.3   O Neṣṭar, with thy Dame accept our sacrifice; with Ṛtu drink,For thou art he who giveth wealth.4   Bring the Gods, Agni; in the three appointed places set them down:Surround them, and with Ṛtu drink.5   Drink Soma after the Ṛtus, from the Brāhmaṇa’s bounty: undissolved,O Indra, is thy friendship’s bond.6   Mitra, Varuṇa, ye whose ways are firm — a Power that none deceives —,With Ṛtu ye have reached the rite.7   The Soma-pressers, fain for wealth, praise the Wealth-giver in the rite,In sacrifices praise the God.8   May the Wealth-giver grant to us riches that shall be far renowned.These things we gain, among the Gods.9   He with the Ṛtu fain would drink, Wealth-giver, from the Neṣṭar’s bowl.Haste, give your offering, and depart.10   As we this fourth time, Wealth-giver, honour thee with the Ṛtus, beA Giver bountiful to us.11   Drink ye the meath, O Aśvins bright with flames, whose acts are pure, who withṚtus accept the sacrifice.12   With Ṛtu, through the house-fire, thou, kind Giver, guidest sacrifice:Worship the Gods for the pious man.

HYMN XVI. Indra.

1   LET thy Bay Steeds bring thee, the Strong, hither to drink the Soma draught — Those, Indra, who are bright as suns.2   Here are the grains bedewed with oil: hither let the Bay Coursers bringIndra upon his easiest car.3   Indra at early morn we call, Indra in course of sacrifice,Indra to drink the Soma juice.4   Come hither, with thy long-maned Steeds, O Indra, to he draught we pourWe call thee when the juice is shed.5   Come thou to this our song of praise, to the libation poured for theeDrink of it like a stag athirst.6   Here are the drops of Soma juice expressed on sacred grass: thereofDrink, Indra, to increase thy might.7   Welcome to thee be this our hymn, reaching thy heart, most excellent:Then drink the Soma juice expressed.8   To every draught of pressed-out juice Indra, the Vṛtra-slayer, comes,To drink the Soma for delight.9   Fulfil, O Śatakratu, all our wish with horses and with kine:With holy thoughts we sing thy praise.

HYMN XVII. Indra-Varuṇa

1   I CRAVE help from the Imperial Lords, from Indra-Varuṇa; may theyBoth favour one of us like me.2   Guardians of men, ye ever come with ready succour at the callOf every singer such as I.3   Sate you, according to your wish, O Indra-Varuṇa, with wealth:Fain would we have you nearest us.4   May we be sharers of the powers, sharers of the benevolenceOf you who give strength bounteously.5   Indra and Varuṇa, among givers of thousands, meet for praise,Are Powers who merit highest laud.6   Through their protection may we gain great store of wealth, and heap it upEnough and still to spare, be ours.7   O Indra-Varuṇa, on you for wealth in many a form I call:Still keep ye us victorious.8   O Indra-Varuṇa, through our songs that seek to win you to ourselves,Give us at once your sheltering help.9   O Indra-Varuṇa, to you may fair praise which I offer come,Joint eulogy which ye dignify.

HYMN XVIII. Brahmaṇaspati.

1   O BRĀHMAṆASPATI, make him who presses Soma glorious,Even Kakṣīvān Auśija.2   The rich, the healer of disease, who giveth wealth, increaseth store,The prompt, — may he be with us still.3   Let not the foeman’s curse, let not a mortal’s onslaught fall on usPreserve us, Brahmaṇaspati.4   Ne’er is the mortal hero harmed whom Indra, Brahmaṇaspati,And Soma graciously inspire.5   Do, thou, O Brahmaṇaspati, and Indra, Soma, Dakṣiṇā,Preserve that mortal from distress.6   To the Assembly’s wondrous Lord, to Indra’s lovely Friend who givesWisdom, have I drawn near in prayer.7   He without whom no sacrifice, e’en of the wise man, prospers; heStirs up the series of thoughts.8   He makes the oblation prosper, he promotes the course of sacrifice:Our voice of praise goes to the Gods.9   I have seen Narāśaṁsa, him most resolute, most widely famed,As ‘twere the Household Priest of heaven.

HYMN XIX. Agni, Maruts.

1   To this fair sacrifice to drink the milky draught thou art invoked:O Agni, with the Maruts come.2   No mortal man, no God exceeds thy mental power, O Mighty one:O Agni, with the Maruts come:3   All Gods devoid of guile, who know the mighty region of mid-air:O Agni, with those Maruts come.4   The terrible, who sing their song, not to be overcome by might:O Agni, with those Maruts come.5   Brilliant, and awful in their form, mighty, devourers of their foes:O Agni, with those Maruts come.6   Who sit as Deities in heaven, above the sky-vault’s luminous sphere:O Agni, with those Maruts come.7   Who scatter clouds about the sky, away over the billowy sea:O Agni, with those Maruts come.8   Who with their bright beams spread them forth over the ocean in their mightO Agni, with those Maruts come.9   For thee, to be thine early draught, I pour the Soma-mingled meath:O Agni, with the Maruts come.

HYMN XX. Ṛbhus.

1   FOR the Celestial Race this song of praise which gives wealth lavishlyWas made by singers with their lips.2   They who for Indra, with their mind, formed horses harnessed by a word,Attained by works to sacrifice.3   They for the two Nāsatyas wrought a light car moving every way:They formed a nectar-yielding cow.4   The Ṛbhus with effectual prayers, honest, with constant labour, madeTheir Sire and Mother young again.5   Together came your gladdening drops with Indra by the Maruts girt,With the Ādityas, with the Kings.6   The sacrificial ladle, wrought newly by the God Tvaṣṭar’s hand — Four ladles have ye made thereof.7   Vouchsafe us wealth, to him who pours thrice seven libations, yea, to eachGive wealth, pleased with our eulogies.8   As ministering Priests they held, by pious acts they won themselves,A share in sacrifice with Gods.

HYMN XXI. Indra-Agni.

1   INDRA and Agni I invoke fain are we for their song of praise:Chief Soma-drinkers are they both.2   Praise ye, O men, and glorify Indra-Agni in the holy rites:Sing praise to them in sacred songs.3   Indra and Agni we invite, the Soma-drinkers, for the fameOf Mitra, to the Soma-draught.4   Strong Gods, we bid them come to this libation that stands ready here:Indra and Agni, come to us.5   Indra and Agni, mighty Lords of our assembly, crush the fiends:Childless be the devouring ones.6   Watch ye, through this your truthfulness, there in the place of spacious viewIndra and Agni, send us bliss.

HYMN XXII. Aśvins and Others

1   WAKEN the Aśvin Pair who yoke their car at early morn: may theyApproach to drink this Soma juice.2   We call the Aśvins Twain, the Gods borne in a noble car, the bestOf charioteers, who reach the heavens.3   Dropping with honey is your whip, Aśvins, and full of pleasantnessSprinkle therewith the sacrifice.4   As ye go thither in your car, not far, O Aśvins, is the homeOf him who offers Soma juice.5   For my protection I invoke the golden-handed Savitar.He knoweth, as a God, the place.6   That he may send us succour, praise the Waters’ Offspring Savitar:Fain are we for his holy ways.7   We call on him, distributer of wondrous bounty and of wealth,On Savitar who looks on men.8   Come hither, friends, and seat yourselves Savitar, to be praised by us,Giving good gifts, is beautiful.9   O Agni, hither bring to us the willing Spouses of the Gods,And Tvaṣṭar, to the Soma draught.10   Most youthful Agni, hither bring their Spouses, Hotrā, Bhāratī,Varūtrī, Dhiṣaṇā, for aid.11   Spouses of Heroes, Goddesses, with whole wings may they come to usWith great protection and with aid.12   Indrāṇī, Varuṇānī, and Agnāyī hither I invite,For weal, to drink the Soma juice.13   May Heaven and Earth, the Mighty Pair, bedew for us our sacrifice,And feed us full with nourishments.14   Their water rich with fatness, there in the Gandharva’s steadfast place,The singers taste through sacred songs.15   Thornless be thou, O Earth, spread wide before us for a dwelling-place:Vouchsafe us shelter broad and sure.16   The Gods be gracious unto us even from the place whence Viṣṇu strodeThrough the seven regions of the earth!17   Through all this world strode Viṣṇu; thrice his foot he planted, and the wholeWas gathered in his footstep’s dust.18   Viṣṇu, the Guardian, he whom none deceiveth, made three steps; thenceforthEstablishing his high decrees.19   Look ye on Viṣṇu’s works, whereby the Friend of Indra, close-allied,Hath let his holy ways be seen.20   The princes evermore behold that loftiest place where Viṣṇu is,Laid as it were an eye in heaven.21   This, Viṣṇu’s station most sublime, the singers, ever vigilant,Lovers of holy song, light up.

HYMN XXIII. Vāyu and Others.

1   STRONG are the Somas; come thou nigh; these juices have been mixt with milk:Drink, Vāyu, the presented draughts.2   Both Deities who touch the heaven, Indra and Vāyu we invokeTo drink of this our Soma juice.3   The singers’ for their aid, invoke Indra and Vāyu, swift as mind,The thousand-eyed, the Lords of thought.4   Mitra and Varuṇa, renowned as Gods of consecrated might,We call to drink the Soma juice.5   Those who by Law uphold the Law, Lords of the shining light of Law,Mitra I call, and Varuṇa.6   Let Varuṇa be our chief defence, let Mitra guard us with all aidsBoth make us rich exceedingly.7   Indra, by Maruts girt, we call to drink the Soma juice: may heSate him in union with his troop.8   Gods, Marut hosts whom Indra leads, distributers of Pūṣan’s gifts,Hearken ye all unto my cry.9   With conquering Indra for ally, strike Vṛtra down, ye bounteous GodsLet not the wicked master us.10   We call the Universal Gods, and Maruts to the Soma draught,For passing strong are Pṛśni’s Sons.11   Fierce comes the Maruts’ thundering voice, like that of conquerors, when ye goForward to victory, O Men.12   Born of the laughing lightning. may the Maruts guard us everywhereMay they be gracious unto Us.13   Like some lost animal, drive to us, bright Pūṣan, him who bears up heaven,Resting on many-coloured grass.14   Pūṣan the Bright has found the King, concealed and hidden in a cave,Who rests on grass of many hues.15   And may he. duly bring to me the six bound closely, through these drops,As one who ploughs with steers brings corn.16   Along their paths the Mothers go, Sisters of priestly ministrants,Mingling their sweetness with the milk.17   May Waters gathered near the Sun, and those wherewith the Sun is joined,Speed forth this sacrifice of ours.18   I call the Waters, Goddesses, wherein our cattle quench their thirst;Oblations to the Streams be given.19   Amrit is in the Waters in the Waters there is healing balmBe swift, ye Gods, to give them praise.20   Within the Waters — Soma thus hath told me — dwell all balms that heal,And Agni, he who blesseth all. The Waters hold all medicines.21   O Waters, teem with medicine to keep my body safe from harm,So that I long may see the Sun.22   Whatever sin is found in me, whatever evil I have wrought.If I have lied or falsely sworn, Waters, remove it far from me.23   The Waters I this day have sought, and to their moisture have we come:O Agni, rich in milk, come thou, and with thy splendour cover me.24   Fill me with splendour, Agni; give offspring and length of days; the GodsShall know me even as I am, and Indra with the Ṛṣis, know.

HYMN XXIV. Varuṇa and Others.

1   WHO now is he, what God among Immortals, of whose auspicious name we may bethink us?Who shall to mighty Aditi restore us, that I may see my Father and my Mother?2   Agni the God the first among the Immortals, — of his auspicious name let us bethink us.He shall to mighty Aditi restore us, that I may see my Father and my Mother.3   To thee, O Savitar, the Lord of precious things, who helpest usContinually, for our share we come — 4   Wealth, highly lauded ere reproach hath fallen on it, which is laid,Free from all hatred, in thy hands5   Through thy protection may we come to even the height of affluenceWhich Bhaga hath dealt out to us.6   Ne’er have those birds that fly through air attained to thy high dominion or thy might or spirit;Nor these the waters that flow on for ever, nor hills, abaters of the wind’s wild fury.7   Varuṇa, King, of hallowed might, sustaineth erect the Tree’s stem in the baseless region.Its rays, whose root is high above, stream downward. Deep may they sink within us, and be hidden.8   King Varuṇa hath made a spacious pathway, a pathway for the Sun wherein to travel.Where no way was he made him set his footstep, and warned afar whate’er afflicts the spirit.9   A hundred balms are thine, O King, a thousand; deep and wide-reaching also be thy favours.Far from us, far away drive thou Destruction. Put from us e’en the sin we have committed.10   Whither by day depart the constellations that shine at night, set high in heaven above us?Varuṇa’s holy laws remain unweakened, and through the night the Moon moves on in splendor11   I ask this of thee with my prayer adoring; thy worshipper craves this with his oblation.Varuṇa, stay thou here and be not angry; steal not our life from us, O thou Wide-Ruler.12   Nightly and daily this one thing they tell me, this too the thought of mine own heart repeateth.May he to whom prayed fettered Śunaḥśepa, may he the Sovran Varuṇa release us.13   Bound to three pillars captured Śunaḥśepa thus to the Āditya made his supplication.Him may the Sovran Varuṇa deliver, wise, ne’er deceived, loosen the bonds that bind him.14   With bending down, oblations, sacrifices, O Varuṇa, we deprecate thine anger:Wise Asura, thou King of wide dominion, loosen the bonds of sins by us committed.15   Loosen the bonds, O Varuṇa, that hold me, loosen the bonds above, between, and under.So in thy holy law may we made sinless belong to Aditi, O thou Āditya.

HYMN XXV. Varuṇa.

1   WHATEVER law of thine, O God, O Varuṇa, as we are men,Day after day we violate.2   give us not as a prey to death, to be destroyed by thee in wrath,To thy fierce anger when displeased.3   To gain thy mercy, Varuṇa, with hymns we bind thy heart, as bindsThe charioteer his tethered horse.4   They flee from me dispirited, bent only on obtaining wealth,As to their nests the birds of air.5   When shall we bring, to be appeased, the Hero, Lord of warrior might,Him, the far-seeing Varuṇa?6   This, this with joy they both accept in common: never do they failThe ever-faithful worshipper.7   He knows the path of birds that fly through heaven, and, Sovran of the sea,He knows the ships that are thereon.8   True to his holy law, he knows the twelve moons with their progeny:He knows the moon of later birth.9   He knows the pathway of the wind, the spreading, high, and mighty wind:He knows the Gods who dwell above.10   Varuṇa, true to holy law, sits down among his people; he,Most wise, sits there to govern all.11   From thence perceiving he beholds all wondrous things, both what hath been,And what hereafter will be done.12   May that Āditya, very wise, make fair paths for us all our days:May he prolong our lives for us.13   Varuṇa, wearing golden mail, hath clad him in a shining robe.His spies are seated found about.14   The God whom enemies threaten not, nor those who tyrannize o’er men,Nor those whose minds are bent on wrong.15   He who gives glory to mankind, not glory that is incomplete,To our own bodies giving it.16   Yearning for the wide-seeing One, my thoughts move onward unto him,As kine unto their pastures move.17   Once more together let us speak, because my meath is brought: priest-likeThou eatest what is dear to thee.18   Now saw I him whom all may see, I saw his car above the earth:He hath accepted these my songs.19   Varuṇa, hear this call of mine: be gracious unto us this dayLonging for help I cried to thee.20   Thou, O wise God, art Lord of all, thou art the King of earth and heavenHear, as thou goest on thy way.21   Release us from the upper bond, untie the bond between, and looseThe bonds below, that I may live.

HYMN XXVI. Agni.

1   O WORTHY of oblation, Lord of prospering powers, assume thy robes,And offer this our sacrifice.2   Sit ever to be chosen, as our Priest, most youthful, through our hymns,O Agni, through our heavenly word.3   For here a Father for his son, Kinsman for kinsman worshippeth,And Friend, choice-worthy, for his friend.4   Here let the foe-destroyers sit, Varuṇa, Mitra, Aryaman,Like men, upon our sacred grass.5   O ancient Herald, be thou glad in this our rite and fellowship:Hearken thou well to these our songs.6   Whate’er in this perpetual course we sacrifice to God and God,That gift is offered up in thee7   May he be our dear household Lord, Priest, pleasant and, choice-worthy mayWe, with bright fires, be dear to him.8   The Gods, adored with brilliant fires. have granted precious wealth to usSo, with bright fires, we pray to thee.9   And, O Immortal One, so may the eulogies of mortal menBelong to us and thee alike.10   With all thy fires, O Agni, find pleasure in this our sacrifice,And this our speech, O Son of Strength.

HYMN XXVII. Agni.

1   WITH worship will I glorify thee, Agni, like a long-tailed steed,Imperial Lord of sacred rites.2   May the far-striding Son of Strength, bringer of great felicity,Who pours his gifts like rain, be ours.3   Lord of all life, from near; from far, do thou, O Agni evermoreProtect us from the sinful man.4   O Agni, graciously announce this our oblation to the Gods,And this our newest song of praise.5   Give us a share of strength most high, a share of strength that is below,A share of strength that is between.6   Thou dealest gifts, resplendent One; nigh, as with waves of Sindhu, thouSwift streamest to the worshipper.7   That man is lord of endless strength whom thou protectest in the fight,Agni, or urgest to the fray.8   Him, whosoever he may be, no man may vanquish, mighty One:Nay, very glorious power is his.9   May he who dwells with all mankind bear us with war-steeds through the fight,And with the singers win the spoil.10   Help, thou who knowest lauds, this work, this eulogy to Rudra, himAdorable in every house.11   May this our God, great, limitless, smoke-bannered excellently bright,Urge us to strength and holy thought.12   Like some rich Lord of men may he, Agni the banner of the Gods,Refulgent, hear us through our lauds.13   Glory to Gods, the mighty and the lesser glory to Gods the younger and the elder!Let us, if we have power, pay the God worship: no better prayer than this, ye Gods, acknowledge.

HYMN XXVIII. Indra, Etc.

1   THERE where the broad-based stone raised on high to press the juices out,O Indra, drink with eager thirst the droppings which the mortar sheds.2   Where, like broad hips, to hold the juice the platters of the press are laid,O Indra, drink with eager thirst the droppings which the mortar sheds.3   There where the woman marks and leans the pestle’s constant rise and fall,O Indra, drink with eager thirst the droppings which the mortar sheds.4   Where, as with reins to guide a horse, they bind the churning-staff with cords,O Indra, drink with eager thirst the droppings which the mortar sheds.5   If of a truth in every house, O Mortar thou art set for work,Here give thou forth thy clearest sound, loud as the drum of conquerors.6   O Sovran of the Forest, as the wind blows soft in front of thee,Mortar, for Indra press thou forth the Soma juice that he may drink.7   Best strength-givers, ye stretch wide jaws, O Sacrificial Implements,Like two bay horses champing herbs.8   Ye Sovrans of the Forest, both swift, with swift pressers press to-daySweet Soma juice for Indra’s drink.9   Take up in beakers what remains: the Soma on the filter pour,and on the ox-hide set the dregs.

HYMN XXIX. Indra.

1   O SOMA DRINKER, ever true, utterly hopeless though we be,Do thou, O Indra, give us hope of beauteous horses and of kine,In thousands, O most wealthy One.2   O Lord of Strength, whose jaws are strong, great deeds are thine, the powerful:Do thou, O Indra, give us hope of beauteous horses and of kine,In thousands, O most wealthy One.3   Lull thou asleep, to wake no more, the pair who on each other lookDo thou, O Indra, give us hope of beauteous horses and of kine,In thousands, O most wealthy One.4   Hero, let hostile spirits sleep, and every gentler genius wake:Do thou, O Indra, give us hope of beauteous horses and of kine,In thousands, O most wealthy One.5   Destroy this ass, O Indra, who in tones discordant brays to thee:Do thou, O Indra, give us hope of beauteous horses and of kine,In thousands, O most wealthy One.6   Far distant on the forest fall the tempest in a circling course!Do thou, O Indra, give us hope of beauteous horses and of kine,In thousands, O most wealthy One.7   Slay each reviler, and destroy him who in secret injures us:Do thou, O Indra, give us hope of beauteous horses and of kineIn thousands, O most wealthy One.

HYMN XXX. Indra.

1   WE seeking strength with Soma-drops fill full your Indra like a well,Most liberal, Lord of Hundred Powers,2   Who lets a hundred of the pure, a thousand of the milk-blent draughtsFlow, even as down a depth, to him;3   When for the strong, the rapturous joy he in this manner hath made roomWithin his belly, like the sea.4   This is thine own. Thou drawest near, as turns a pigeon to his mate:Thou carest too for this our prayer.5   O Hero, Lord of Bounties, praised in hymns, may power and joyfulnessBe his who sings the laud to thee.6   Lord of a Hundred Powers, stand up to lend us succour in this fightIn others too let us agree.7   In every need, in every fray we call as friends to succour usIndra the mightiest of all.8   If he will hear us let him come with succour of a thousand kinds,And all that strengthens, to our call.9   I call him mighty to resist, the Hero of our ancient home,Thee whom my sire invoked of old.10   We pray to thee, O much-invoked, rich in all precious gifts, O Friend,Kind God to those who sing thy praise.11   O Soma-drinker, Thunder-armed, Friend of our lovely-featured damesAnd of our Soma-drinking friends.12   Thus, Soma-drinker, may it be; thus, Friend, who wieldest thunder, actTo aid each wish as we desire.13   With Indra splendid feasts be ours, rich in all strengthening things wherewith,Wealthy in food, we may rejoice.14   Like thee, thyself, the singers’ Friend, thou movest, as it were, besought,Bold One, the axle of the car.15   That, Śatakratu, thou to grace and please thy praisers, as it were,Stirrest the axle with thy strength.16   With champing, neighing loudly-snorting horses Indra hath ever won himself great treasuresA car of gold hath he whose deeds are wondrous received from us, and let us too receive it.17   Come, Aśvins, with enduring strength wealthy in horses and in kine,And gold, O ye of wondrous deeds.18   Your chariot yoked for both alike, immortal, ye of mighty acts,Travels, O Aśvins, in the sea.19   High on the forehead of the Bull one chariot wheel ye ever keep,The other round the sky revolves.20   What mortal, O immortal Dawn, enjoyeth thee? Where lovest thou?To whom, O radiant, dost thou go?21   For we have had thee in our thoughts whether anear or far away,Red-hued and like a dappled mare.22   Hither, O Daughter of the Sky, come thou with these thy strengthenings,And send thou riches down to us.

HYMN XXXI. Agni.

1   Thou, Agni, wast the earliest Aṅgiras, a Seer; thou wast, a God thyself, the Gods’ auspicious Friend.After thy holy ordinance the Maruts, sage, active through wisdom, with their glittering spears, were born.2   O Agni, thou, the best and earliest Aṅgiras, fulfillest as a Sage the holy law of Gods.Sprung from two mothers, wise, through all existence spread, resting in many a place for sake of living man.3   To Mātariśvan first thou, Agni, wast disclosed, and to Vivasvān through thy noble inward power.Heaven and Earth, Vasu! shook at the choosing of the Priest: the burthen thou didst bear, didst worship mighty Gods.4   Agni thou madest heaven to thunder for mankind; thou, yet more pious, for pious Purūravas.When thou art rapidly freed from thy parents, first eastward they bear thee round, and, after, to the west.5   Thou, Agni, art a Bull who makes our store increase, to be invoked by him who lifts the ladle up.Well knowing the oblation with the hallowing word, uniting all who live, thou lightenest first our folk6   Agni, thou savest in the synod when pursued e’en him, farseeing One! who walks in evil ways.Thou, when the heroes fight for spoil which men rush, round, slayest in war the many by the hands of few.7   For glory, Agni, day by day, thou liftest up the mortal man to highest immortality,Even thou who yearning for both races givest them great bliss, and to the prince grantest abundant food.8   O Agni, highly lauded, make our singer famous that he may win us store of riches:May we improve the rite with new performance. O Earth and Heaven, with all the Gods, protect us.9   O blameless Agni lying in thy Parents’ lap, a God among the Gods, be watchful for our good.Former of bodies, be the singer’s Providence: all good things hast thou sown for him, auspicious One!10   Agni, thou art our Providence, our Father thou: we are thy brethren and thou art our spring of life.In thee, rich in good heroes, guard of high decrees, meet hundred, thousand treasures, O infallible!11   Thee, Agni, have the Gods made the first living One for living man, Lord of the house of Nahuṣa.Iḷā they made the teacher of the sons of men, what time a Son was born to the father of my race.12   Worthy to be revered, O Agni, God, preserve our wealthy patrons with thy succours, and ourselves.Guard of our seed art thou, aiding our cows to bear, incessantly protecting in thy holy way.13   Agni, thou art a guard close to the pious man; kindled art thou, four-eyed! for him who is unarmed.With fond heart thou acceptest e’en the poor man’s prayer, when he hath brought his gift to gain security.14   Thou, Agni gainest for the loudly-praising priest the highest wealth, the object of a man’s desire.Thou art called Father, caring even for the weak, and wisest, to the simple one thou teachest lore.15   Agni, the man who giveth guerdon to the priests, like well-sewn armour thou guardest on every side.He who with grateful food shows kindness in his house, an offerer to the living, is the type of heaven.16   Pardon, we pray, this sin of ours, O Agni, — the path which we have trodden, widely straying,Dear Friend and Father, caring for the pious, who speedest nigh and who inspirest mortals.17   As erst to Manus, to Yayāti, Aṅgiras, so Aṅgiras! pure Agni! come thou to our hall.Bring hither the celestial host and seat them here upon the sacred grass, and offer what they love.18   By this our prayer be thou, O Agni, strengthened, prayer made by us after our power and knowledge.Lead thou us, therefore, to increasing riches; endow us with thy strength-bestowing favour.

HYMN XXXII. Indra.

1   I WILL declare the manly deeds of Indra, the first that he achieved, the Thunder-wielder.He slew the Dragon, then disclosed the waters, and cleft the channels of the mountain torrents.2   He slew the Dragon lying on the mountain: his heavenly bolt of thunder Tvaṣṭar fashioned.Like lowing kine in rapid flow descending the waters glided downward to the ocean.3   Impetuous as a bull, he chose the Soma and in three sacred beakers drank the juices.Maghavan grasped the thunder for his weapon, and smote to death this firstborn of the dragons.4   When, Indra, thou hadst slain the dragon’s firstborn, and overcome the charms of the enchanters,Then, giving life to Sun and Dawn and Heaven, thou foundest not one foe to stand against thee.5   Indra with his own great and deadly thunder smote into pieces Vṛtra, worst of Vṛtras.As trunks of trees, what time the axe hath felled them, low on the earth so lies the prostrate Dragon.6   He, like a mad weak warrior, challenged Indra, the great impetuous many-slaying Hero.He, brooking not the clashing of the weapons, crushed — Indra’s foe — the shattered forts in falling.7   Footless and handless still he challenged Indra, who smote him with his bolt between the shoulders.Emasculate yet claiming manly vigour, thus Vṛtra lay with scattered limbs dissevered.8   There as he lies like a bank-bursting river, the waters taking courage flow above him.The Dragon lies beneath the feet of torrents which Vṛtra with his greatness had encompassed.9   Then humbled was the strength of Vṛtra’s mother: Indra hath cast his deadly bolt against her.The mother was above, the son was under and like a cow beside her calf lay Danu.10   Rolled in the midst of never-ceasing currents flowing without a rest for ever onward.The waters bear off Vṛtra’s nameless body: the foe of Indra sank to during darkness.11   Guarded by Ahi stood the thralls of Dāsas, the waters stayed like kine held by the robber.But he, when he had smitten Vṛtra, opened the cave wherein the floods had been imprisoned.12   A horse’s tail wast thou when he, O Indra, smote on thy bolt; thou, God without a second,Thou hast won back the kine, hast won the Soma; thou hast let loose to flow the Seven Rivers.13   Nothing availed him lightning, nothing thunder, hailstorm or mist which had spread around him:When Indra and the Dragon strove in battle, Maghavan gained the victory for ever.14   Whom sawest thou to avenge the Dragon, Indra, that fear possessed thy heart when thou hadst slain him;That, like a hawk affrighted through the regions, thou crossedst nine-and-ninety flowing rivers?15   Indra is King of all that moves and moves not, of creatures tame and horned, the Thunder-wielder.Over all living men he rules as Sovran, containing all as spokes within the felly.

HYMN XXXIII. Indra.

1   Come, fain for booty let us seek to Indra: yet more shall he increase his care that guides us.Will not the Indestructible endow us with perfect knowledge of this wealth, of cattle?2   I fly to him invisible Wealth-giver as flies the falcon to his cherished eyrie,With fairest hymns of praise adoring Indra, whom those who laud him must invoke in battle.3   Mid all his host, he bindeth on the quiver: he driveth cattle from what foe he pleaseth:Gathering up great store of riches, Indra. be thou no trafficker with us, most mighty.4   Thou slewest with thy bolt the wealthy Dasyu, alone, yet going with thy helpers, Indra!Far from the floor of heaven in all directions, the ancient riteless ones fled to destruction.5   Fighting with pious worshippers, the riteless turned and fled, Indra! with averted faces.When thou, fierce Lord of the Bay Steeds, the Stayer, blewest from earth and heaven and sky the godless.6   They met in fight the army of the blameless: then the Navagvas put forth all their power.They, like emasculates with men contending, fled, conscious, by steep paths from Indra, scattered.7   Whether they weep or laugh, thou hast o’erthrown them, O Indra, on the sky’s extremest limit.The Dasyu thou hast burned from heaven, and welcomed the prayer of him who pours the juice and lauds thee.8   Adorned with their array of gold and jewels, they o’er the earth a covering veil extended.Although they hastened, they o’ercame not Indra: their spies he compassed with the Sun of morning.9   As thou enjoyest heaven and earth, O Indra, on every side surrounded with thy greatness,So thou with priests hast blown away the Dasyu, and those who worship not with those who worship.10   They who pervaded earth’s extremest limit subdued not with their charms the Wealth-bestower:Indra, the Bull, made his ally the thunder, and with its light milked cows from out the darkness.11   The waters flowed according to their nature; he raid the navigable streams waxed mighty.Then Indra, with his spirit concentrated, smote him for ever with his strongest weapon.12   Indra broke through Ilībiśa’s strong castles, and Śuṣṇa with his horn he cut to pieces:Thou, Maghavan, for all his might and swiftness, slewest thy fighting foeman with thy thunder13   Fierce on his enemies fell Indra’s weapon: with. his sharp bull he rent their forts in pieces.He with his thunderbolt dealt blows on Vṛtra; and conquered, executing all his purpose.14   Indra, thou helpest Kutsa whom thou lovedst, and guardedst brave Daśadyu when he battled,The dust of trampling horses rose to heaven, and Śvitrā’s son stood up again for conquest.15   Śvitrā’s mild steer, O Maghavan thou helpest in combat for the land, mid Tugra’s houses.Long stood they there before the task was ended: thou wast the master of the foemen’s treasure.

HYMN XXXIV. Aśvins.

1   Ye who observe this day be with us even thrice: far-stretching is you bounty, Aśvins and your course.To you, as to a cloak in winter, we cleave close: you are to be drawn nigh unto us by the wise.2   Three are the fellies in your honey-bearing car, that travels after Soma’s loved one, as all know.Three are the pillars set upon it for support: thrice journey ye by night, O Aśvins, thrice by day.3   Thrice in the self-same day, ye Gods who banish want, sprinkle ye thrice to-day our sacrifice with meath;And thrice vouchsafe us store of food with plenteous strength, at evening, O ye Aśvins, and at break of day.4   Thrice come ye to our home, thrice to the righteous folk, thrice triply aid the man who well deserves your help.Thrice, O ye Aśvins, bring us what shall make us glad; thrice send us store of food as nevermore to fail.5   Thrice, O ye Aśvins, bring to us abundant wealth: thrice in the Gods’ assembly, thrice assist our thoughts.Thrice, grant ye us prosperity, thrice grant us fame; for the Sun’s daughter hath mounted your three-wheeled car.6   Thrice, Aśvins, grant to us the heavenly medicines, thrice those of earth and thrice those that the waters hold,Favour and health and strength bestow upon my son; triple protection, Lords of Splendour, grant to him.7   Thrice are ye to be worshipped day by day by us: thrice, O ye Aśvins, ye travel around the earth.Car-borne from far away, O ye Nāsatyas, come, like vital air to bodies, come ye to the three.8   Thrice, O ye Aśvins, with the Seven Mother Streams; three are the jars, the triple offering is prepared.