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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2022
Sinclair Lewis, a controversial Nobel Laureate in Literature
THE INNOCENTS: A STORY FOR LOVERS
A Dedicatory Introduction
Chapter I
Chapter II
Chapter III
Chapter IV
Chapter V
Chapter VI
Chapter VII
Chapter VIII
Chapter IX
Chapter X
Chapter XI
Chapter XII
Chapter XIII
Chapter XIV
Chapter XV
Chapter XVI
Chapter XVII
Chapter XVIII
At the beginning of the 20th century, the representation of American culture in literature was hardly awarded. The major exception is Sinclair Lewis, a noted writer of novels and plays, who was born in Sauk Center in 1885. After his education at Yale University, Lewis begins working in the writing world, as a journalist and literary editor. At this time, he apprenticed with author Upton Sinclair. He became known locally through humorous appearances in regional newspapers. He worked in the editorial department of the Transatlantic Tales until he went to Panama to be part of the Canal works. Sinclair Lewis began writing socially engaged novels of exceptional quality such as "The Job" (1917), considered one of the first key statements of working women's rights, and " The Innocents: A Story for Lovers” (1917), a novel that examines the issue of discrimination against the elderly. But fame came when Lewis published one of his masterpieces, "Free Air," in 1919, a year before "Main Street," Lewis' first successful publication that catapulted the author to stardom. However, it received a mixed response from critics, attributing the main negative commentary to the cruel interpretation of American life. It was precisely for this reason that he gained a small group of admirers, who applauded this accurate perspective of American culture. The themes of hypocrisy and addictions of American society were evident from this early work, as was the concept of freedom and democracy.
Satires of American culture It was not until 1922 that the name of Sinclair Lewis became popular around the world with his play “Babbitt.” Like his previous writing, this publication was the focus of much controversy due to the stereotypes it presented about the American male. The popularity of the work was so extreme that the word Babbitt became part of the American vocabulary to refer to this prototype. This inspired Lewis to continue his controversial satirical writing style. It is most evident with his novel “Elmer Gantry,” about a pastor who infiltrates the Protestant church. Controversy this time came from the church and its followers, who condemned the author's work. But this would not be the last time that this literary figure would upset an important group of people. In 1928, he published his work “The Man Who Knew Coolidge,” a critical analysis of the world of politics in the United States. In the following years, he continued to comment on American life. He introduces “Dodsworth,” a play about the life of the middle-class American woman, and “Work of Art,” which criticizes the country's hospitality traditions. He also idealizes a hypothetical America undergoing a fascist dictatorship and the consequences of it in his work “It Can't Happen Here.” For his later works, controversial themes abandon their presence in Lewis's writings. This author presents less aggressive works about the American bourgeoisie.
Criticism and recognition for his work Sinclair Lewis was the subject of much criticism throughout his career. Many claimed that it was not literary but journalistic talent that the author had, pointing out that he was not very creative due to his realistic and naturalistic style. Still, other literary critics point to the importance of his satirical work in depicting American society, a perspective still present in literature today. This led Lewis down a path filled with detractors but also many admirers. He was honoured with different types of recognition throughout his career. Undoubtedly, the most important of them is the Nobel Prize for Literature that he obtained in 1930. This made him the first American author to receive this award. The Swedish Academy applauded his ability to use humour to present serious and uncritical themes of the American community.
The Pulitzer Prize was offered to him for his 1925 novel “Arrowsmith.” However, the author declined this recognition because of the award's conservative origins.
The Editor, P.C. 2022
If this were a ponderous work of realism, such as the author has attempted to write, and will doubtless essay again, it would be perilous to dedicate it to the splendid assembly of young British writers, lest the critics search for Influences and Imitations. But since this is a flagrant excursion, a tale for people who still read Dickens and clip out spring poetry and love old people and children, it may safely confess the writer's strident admiration for Compton Mackenzie, Hugh Walpole, Oliver Onions, D. H. Lawrence, J. D. Beresford, Gilbert Cannan, Patrick MacGill, and their peers, whose novels are the histories of our contemporaneous Golden Age. Nor may these be mentioned without a yet more enthusiastic tribute to their master and teacher (he probably abominates being called either a master or a teacher), H. G. Wells.
Mr. and Mrs. Seth Appleby were almost old. They called each other "Father" and "Mother." But frequently they were guilty of holding hands, or of cuddling together in corners, and Father was a person of stubborn youthfulness. For something over forty years Mother had been trying to make him stop smoking, yet every time her back was turned he would sneak out his amber cigarette–holder and puff a cheap cigarette, winking at the shocked crochet tidy on the patent rocker. Mother sniffed at him and said that he acted like a young smart Aleck, but he would merely grin in answer and coax her out for a walk.
As they paraded, the sun shone through the fuzzy, silver hair that puffed out round Father's crab–apple face, and an echo of delicate silver was on Mother's rose–leaf cheeks.
They were rustic as a meadow–ringed orchard, yet Father and Mother had been born in New York City, and there lived for more than sixty years. Father was a perfectly able clerk in Pilkings's shoe–store on Sixth Avenue, and Pilkings was so much older than Father that he still called him, "Hey you, Seth!" and still gave him advice about handling lady customers. For three or four years, some ten years back, Father and Mr. Pilkings had displayed ill–feeling over the passing of the amiable elastic–sided Congress shoe. But that was practically forgotten, and Father began to feel fairly certain of his job.
There are three sorts of native New–Yorkers: East Side Jews and Italians, who will own the city; the sons of families that are so rich that they swear off taxes; and the people, descendants of shopkeepers and clerks, who often look like New–Englanders, and always listen with timid admiration when New–Yorkers from Ohio or Minnesota or California give them information about the city. To this meek race, doing the city's work and forgotten by the city they have built, belonged the Applebys. They lived in a brown and dusky flat, with a tortoise–shell tabby, and a canary, and a china hen which held their breakfast boiled eggs. Every Thursday Mother wrote to her daughter, who had married a prosperous and severely respectable druggist of Saserkopee, New York, and during the rest of her daytimes she swept and cooked and dusted, went shyly along the alien streets which had slipped into the cobblestoned village she had known as a girl, and came back to dust again and wait for Father's nimble step on the four flights of stairs up to their flat. She was as used to loneliness as a hotel melancholiac; the people they had known had drifted away to far suburbs. In each other the Applebys found all life.
In July, Father began his annual agitation for a vacation. Mr. Pilkings, of Pilkings & Son's Standard Shoe Parlor, didn't believe in vacations. He believed in staying home and saving money. So every year it was necessary for Father to develop a cough, not much of a cough, merely a small, polite noise, like a mouse begging pardon of an irate bee, yet enough to talk about and win him a two weeks' leave. Every year he schemed for this leave, and almost ruined his throat by sniffing snuff to make him sneeze. Every year Mr. Pilkings said that he didn't believe there was anything whatever the matter with Father and that, even if there was, he shouldn't have a vacation. Every year Mother was frightened almost to death by apprehension that they wouldn't be able to get away.
Father laughed at her this July till his fluffy hair shook like a dog's ears in fly–time. He pounded his fist on the prim center–table by which Mother had been solemnly reading the picture–captions in the Eternity Filmco's Album of Funny Film Favorites. The statuettes of General Lafayette and Mozart on the false mantel shook with his lusty thumping. He roared till his voice filled the living–room and hollowly echoed in the porcelain sink in the kitchen.
"Why," he declaimed, "you poor little dried codfish, if it wasn't for me you'd never have a vacation. You trust old dad to handle Pilkings. We'll get away just as sure as God made little apples."
"You mustn't use curse–words," murmured Mother, undiscouraged by forty years of trying to reform Father's vocabulary. "And it would be a just judgment on you for your high mightiness if you didn't get a vacation, and I don't believe Mr. Pilkings will give you one, either, and if it wa'n't for—"
"Why, I've got it right under my hat."
"Yes, you always think you know so much more—"
Father rounded the table, stealthily and treacherously put his lips at her ear, and blew a tremendous "Zzzzzzzz," which buzzed in her ear like a file on a saw–blade.
Mother leaped up, furious, and snapped, "I'm simply ashamed of you, the way you act, like you never would grow up and get a little common sense, what with scaring me into conniption fits, and as I was just going to say, and I only say it for your own good, if you haven't got enough sense to know how little sense you have got, you at your time of life, why, well, all I can say is—you ought to know better."
Then Father and Mother settled peacefully down and forgot all about their disagreement.
Since they had blessedly been relieved of the presence of their talented daughter, who, until her marriage, had been polite to them to such an extent that for years they had lived in terror, they had made rather a point of being naughty and noisy and happy together, but by and by they would get tired and look affectionately across the table and purr. Father tinkered away at a broken lamp–shade till suddenly, without warning, he declared that Mother scolded him merely to conceal her faith in his ability to do anything. She sniffed, but she knew that he was right. For years Mother had continued to believe in the cleverness of Seth Appleby, who, in his youth, had promised to become manager of the shoe–store, and gave the same promise to–day.
Father justified his shameless boast by compelling Mr. Pilkings to grant him the usual leave of absence, and they prepared to start for West Skipsit, Cape Cod, where they always spent their vacations at the farm–house of Uncle Joe Tubbs.
Mother took a week to pack, and unpack, to go panting down–stairs to the corner drug–store for new tubes of tooth–paste and a presentable sponge, to remend all that was remendable, to press Father's flappy, shapeless little trousers with the family flat–iron, to worry over whether she should take the rose–pink or the daffodil–yellow wrapper—which had both faded to approximately the same shade of gray, but which were to her trusting mind still interestingly different. Each year she had to impress Mrs. Tubbs of West Skipsit with new metropolitan finery, and this year Father had no peace nor comfort in the ménage till she had selected a smart new hat, incredibly small and close and sinking coyly down over her ear. He was only a man folk, he was in the way, incapable of understanding this problem of fashion, and Mother almost slapped him one evening for suggesting that it "wouldn't make such a gosh–awful lot of difference if she didn't find some new fad to impress Sister Tubbs."
But Mother wearied of repacking their two cheap wicker suit–cases and the brown pasteboard box, and Father suddenly came to the front in his true capacity as boss and leader. He announced, loudly, on the evening before they were to depart, "We're going to have a party to–night, old lady."
At the masterful tones of this man of the world, who wasn't afraid of train or travel, who had gone successfully through the mysteries of purchasing transportation clear to Cape Cod, Mother looked impressed. But she said, doubtfully, "Oh, do you think we better, Father? We'll be traveling and all—"
"Yes–sir–ee! We're going to a movie, and then we're going to have a banana split, and I'm going to carry my cane and smoke a seegar. You know mighty well you like the movies as well as I do."
"Acting up like a young smarty!" Mother said, but she obediently put on her hat—Lord, no, not the new small hat; that was kept to impress West Skipsit, Massachusetts—and as she trotted to the movies beside him, the two of them like solemn white puppies venturing away from their mother, she occasionally looked admiringly up, a whole inch up, at her hero.
They took the steamer for Massachusetts at five o'clock. When the band started to play, when Mother feared that a ferry was going to collide with them, when beautiful youths in boating hats popped out of state–rooms like chorus–men in a musical comedy, when children banged small sand–pails, when the steamer rounded the dream–castles of lower New York, when it seemed inconceivable that the flag–staff could get under Brooklyn Bridge—which didn't clear it by much more than a hundred feet—when a totally new New York of factories and docks, of steamers bound for Ceylon and yachts bound for Newport, was revealed to these old New–Yorkers—then Mother mingled a terrific apprehension regarding ships and water with a palpitating excitement over sailing into the freedom which these two gray–haired children had longed for all their lives, and had found during two weeks of each year.
Father was perfectly tremendous. He apprehensive? Why, he might have been the original man to go down to the sea in ships. Mother wailed that all the deck–chairs had been taken; Father found mountains of chairs and flipped a couple of them open as though he were a steward with service stripes. He was simply immense in his manner of thrusting Mother and himself and his chairs and a mound of shawls and coats into the midst of the crowd gathered at the bow. He noted Mother's nervousness and observed, casually, "Mighty safe, these boats. Like ferries. Safer 'n trains. Yes, they're safer 'n staying home in bed, what with burgulars and fires and everything."
"Oh, do you really think they are safe?" breathed Mother, comforted.
Admirable though Father was, he couldn't sit still. He was wearing a decorative new traveling cap, very smart and extensive and expensive, shaped like a muffin, and patterned with the Douglas tartan and an Etruscan border. He rather wanted to let people see it. He was no Pilkings clerk now, but a world–galloper. With his cap clapped down on one side and his youthful cigarette–holder cocked up on the other, and in his buttonhole a carnation jaunty as a red pompon, with the breeze puffing out the light silver hair about his temples and his pink cheeks glowing in the westering sun, he promenaded round and round the hurricane–deck and stopped to pat a whimpering child. But always he hastened back, lest Mother get frightened or lonely. Once he imagined that two toughs were annoying her, and he glared at them like a sparrow robbed of a crumb.
As he escorted her into the dining–saloon Father's back was straight, his chin very high. He was so prosperous of aspect, so generous and proudly affectionate, that people turned to look. It was obvious that if he had anything to do with the shoe business, he must be a manufacturer in a large way, with profit–sharing and model cottages.
The sun went down; Long Island Sound was shot with red gold as little waves reached up hands at the wonder of light. Father and Mother gazed and ate chocolate ice–cream and large quantities of cake, with the naïve relish of people who usually dine at home.
They sat on deck till Mother yawned and nodded and at last said the "Wel–l—" which always means, "Let's go to bed." Father had so inspired her with faith in the comparative safety of their wild voyaging that she was no longer afraid, but just sleepy. She nestled in her chair and smiled shamefacedly and said, "It's only half–past nine, but somehow—". In her drowsiness the wrinkles smoothed away from round her eyes and left her face like that of a plump, tired, happy little girl.
When they were at home Father's and Mother's garments had a way of getting so familiarly mixed that even Mother could scarcely keep their bureau drawers separate. But when they traveled they were aristocrats, and they had entirely separate suit–cases and berths. From the pompous manner in which Father unpacked his bag you would have been utterly beguiled, and have supposed him to be one of those high persons who have whole suites to themselves and see their consorts only at state banquets, when there are celery and olives, and the squire invited to dinner. There was nothing these partners in life more enjoyed than the one night's pretense that they were aloof. But they suddenly forgot their rôles; they squealed with pleasure and patted each other's shoulders fondly. For simultaneously they had discovered the surprises. In Mother's suit–case, inside her second–best boots, Father had hidden four slender beribboned boxes of the very best chocolate peppermints; while in Father's seemly nightgown was a magnificent new mouth–organ.