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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Create in 3D with Tinkercad! If you can dream it, you can create it--using Tinkercad. This free tool gives everyone the power to create 3D models, regardless of your level of experience. With the help of Tinkercad For Dummies, you'll have the knowledge you need to plan your designs, the know-how to utilize the platform's drag-and-drop tools to create your design, and the information you need to print or export your designs to use them elsewhere. Tinkercad is for everyone! It's simple enough to be used by kids and students, but robust enough that an adult could use it to create a complex product prototype. With more than 4 million designs posted in the Tinkercad community, the platform is also popular with teachers around the world. Why not join in on the fun? * Create your Tinkercad account and join the community * Use the drag-and-drop tools to build 3D images * Export your designs to have them 3D printed * Learn the principles of great 3D design Tinkercad is truly fun for all ages, and this hands-on guide makes it faster and easier to start using it right away!
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Seitenzahl: 235
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018
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Tinkercad™ For Dummies®
Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada
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Trademarks: Wiley, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and may not be used without written permission. Tinkercad is a trademark of Autodesk, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2018932639
ISBN 978-1-119-46441-9 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-119-46448-8 (ePub); 978-1-119-46447-1 (ePDF)
Tinkercad For Dummies®
To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “Tinkercad For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box.
Table of Contents
Cover
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Part 1: Getting Started with Tinkercad
Chapter 1: Exploring 3D Design
What Is 3D Modeling?
Comparing 3D to 2D Methods
Discovering Model Representation
Looking at the Modeling Process
Recognizing the 3D Model Market
Exploring 3D Printing
Using 3D Printed Models
Using Tinkercad in 3D Modeling
Chapter 2: Introducing Tinkercad
Visiting the Tinkercad Website
Creating a Tinkercad Account
Logging in to Your New Account
Launching a New Tinkercad Design
Chapter 3: Taking a Tour of Tinkercad
Viewing Recent Designs
Choosing Options and Settings
‘Tinkering’ with Tinkercad
Finding the Right Help
Tweeting on Twitter
Browsing the Gallery
Reading the Tinkercad Blog
Chapter 4: Exploring the User Interface
Venturing Away from the Start screen
Viewing the Tinkercad ViewCube
Using the Viewing Tools
Working with the Tinkercad Grid
Speeding Things Up by Using Keyboard Shortcuts
Chapter 5: Exploring 3D Tools in Tinkercad
Copy and Paste
Duplicate
Hide
Show All
Group
Ungroup
Align
Flip
Workplane
Ruler
Tinkercad Basic Shapes
Community Shapes
Part 2: Creating a Simple Nameplate for Your Office
Chapter 6: Creating the Baseplate
Starting and Saving a New Project
Setting Up Your Project
Creating a Blank Design
Choosing Public or Private Access
Choosing Design Properties
Deciding on Licensing
Using the Workplane
Using Basic Shapes
Chapter 7: Giving the Baseplate Depth
Using the ViewCube
Working on Different Faces
Choosing a Shape for the Indent
Checking Object Position Using the Grid
Picking a Face to Work
Setting the Depth
Grouping and Ungrouping
Chapter 8: Adding Your Name as Text
Getting to the Right View
Adding Your Text
Choosing a Cool Font
Smoothing the Edges with Bevels and Segments
Chapter 9: Cutting Holes to Mount the Nameplate
Choosing a Shape for the Hole
Getting into Position
Getting in the Right View
Moving the Nameplate to a Grid Intersection
Positioning the Box Accurately
Changing Your View to Assess Height
Altering the Box to Suit the Nameplate
Adjusting the Height
Adding the Hole
Copying the Hole
Grouping and Ungrouping
Part 3: Building Your First Skyscraper, in Miniature
Chapter 10: Creating the Building Footprint
The Basic Floor Plan: Keeping It Simple
Getting (Your Floor Plan) in Shape
Chapter 11: Developing the Ground Floor
Preparing to Add Your Wallls
Adding Walls
Using Hide to Your Advantage
Adding Windows to the Front View
Adding Windows to the Other Elevations
Adding the Ceiling
Grouping the Shapes
Chapter 12: Copying the Floors as You Build
Copying Floor Elements
Getting the Placement of the Floors Right
Adding More Floors
Chapter 13: Adding the Roof to Stop the Rain
Picking the Right Shape for Your Roof
Getting the Right Depth for Your Roof
Adding the Curved Roof Edge
Chapter 14: The Sky’s the Limit: Adding a Helipad
Getting to the Right View
Choosing Your H
Changing the Text Settings
Getting the H to Fit the Roof
Adding the Finishing Touches
Part 4: Making It Happen: 3D Printing Your Designs
Chapter 15: Getting Started with 3D Printing
Verifying That You Included Everything
Tidying Up Your Design
Knowing What Type of File to Export
Choosing a Printing Option
Chapter 16: 3D Printing Selected Shapes
Selecting Specific Shapes from Your Design
3D Printing Each Piece to Build It Later
Printing Your Design
Chapter 17: STL Files
What Is an STL file?
Downloading as an STL File
Chapter 18: OBJ Files
What Is an OBJ File?
Downloading as an OBJ file
Chapter 19: SVG Files
What Is an SVG File?
Downloading as an SVG file
Part 5: The Part of Tens
Chapter 20: Ten Great 3D Printing Materials
Choosing a Material
Nylon (Polyamide)
ABS (Home Printers)
Resin (Multiple Options)
Resin (Paintable)
Stainless Steel
Gold
Silver
Titanium
Ceramic
Gypsum
Chapter 21: Ten Great 3D Printers
Factors to Consider When Choosing a 3D Printer
Ultimaker: Ultimaker 2+
Formlabs: Form 2
Zortrax: Zortrax M200
Makergear: Makergear M2
Aleph Objects: LulzBot TAZ 6
BCN3D Technologies: BCN3D Sigma
FlashForge: FlashForge Creator Pro
Prusa Research: Original Prusa i3 MK2S
SeeMeCNC: Rostock Max
PrintrBot: PrintrBot Simple Pro
Chapter 22: Ten 3D Applications
Autodesk: 3D Studio Max
Autodesk: Maya
Autodesk: Inventor
Autodesk: Fusion 360
Smith Micro Software: Poser
CLO Virtual Fashion: Marvelous Designer
CLO Virtual Fashion: CLO3D
EFI: Optitex
Trimble: SketchUp
Blender Foundation: Blender
About the Author
Advertisement Page
Connect with Dummies
Index
End User License Agreement
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Begin Reading
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Introduction
Welcome to Tinkercad For Dummies!
This book has been written for you to get a head start with Autodesk’s amazing entry-level 3D modeling app called Tinkercad. Tinkercad is cloud-based, so you don’t need any expensive 3D modeling software to get started — just an Internet connection and a computer, such as a desktop PC or a suitable laptop.
You find out about basic 3D modeling concepts and how to use Tinkercad to model simple 3D designs, which in turn you can then 3D print, using the information and lessons provided.
Tinkercad is a great way to get started in the world of 3D modeling and 3D design, regardless of age, experience, and expertise, and this book is a perfect way to get your first step into that 3D world. Enjoy!
About This Book
So why do you need Tinkercad For Dummies? Well, this book gives you a great insight in to Tinkercad, world-class instruction that you find in For Dummies books, and easy-access organization.
Throughout this book, I follow several conventions:
Bold text
means that you’re meant to type the text just as it appears in the book. The exception is when you’re working through a steps list: Because each step is bold, the text to type is not bold.
If you’re reading a digital version of this book on a device connected to the Internet, note that you can click the web address to visit that website, like this:
www.dummies.com
.
Tinkercad is a browser-based app. Therefore, you may find that some of your regular keyboard shortcuts and the right-hand mouse button menu are not available. You can, however, find a great list of keyboard shortcuts and commands on the Tinkercad blog at
https://blog.tinkercad.com/keyboard-shortcuts/
.
Foolish Assumptions
This book is aimed at the Tinkercad beginner who has general computer knowledge, such as the ability to use a PC/laptop/MacBook, a mouse, and a keyboard. I also use the Microsoft Windows operating system throughout this book, so you may see subtle differences when using Tinkercad on a browser when using a Mac with the Mac OSX operating system.
I also assume that you know how to use an Internet browser. (I use Google Chrome throughout this book as the host browser for Tinkercad).
As Tinkercad is browser-based, you can find a plethora of assistance available on the Tinkercad website at https://blog.tinkercad.com/, with numerous help screens and the Tinkercad blog.
Icons Used in This Book
Throughout the margins in this book are little pictures. Here’s what those icons mean:
The Tip icon marks tips (duh!) and shortcuts that you can use to make using Tinkercad easier.
The Remember icon marks the information that’s especially important to know. To siphon off the most important information in each chapter, just skim through these icons.
The Technical Stuff icon marks information of a highly technical nature that you can normally skip over.
The Warning icon tells you to watch out! It marks important information that may save you headaches when using Tinkercad.
Beyond the Book
Extra content is available beyond this book. If you go online, you can find the following:
Sample 3D output files that you can use in conjunction with this book:
Output STL, OBJ, and SVG files from
Chapters 17
,
18
, and
19
are available at
www.dummies.com/go/tinkercadfd
.
The Tinkercad blog and gallery:
You can find a huge amount of useful information in the pages of the Tinkercad blog at
https://blog.tinkercad.com/
. Here, you find many uses of Tinkercad and user designs. You’re also able to converse about Tinkercad with other users. Check out numerous user designs in the Tinkercad gallery as well at
www.tinkercad.com/things
.
The Cheat Sheet for this book:
At
www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/tinkercad
, you’ll find a roadmap to setting up your drawings and keyboard shortcuts.
Updates to this book:
If we have any, you can find them at
www.dummies.com/go/tinkercadfdupdates
.
Where to Go from Here
So where do you go from here? Well, if you’re like me, you’ll follow this book all the way through from start to finish. But that’s just how I roll. You may not want to work like that. That’s the benefits of a For Dummies title, though. The book is not linear. You can start anywhere and then get going, using the book as a reference.
Here are a few suggestions if you want to get straight into designing with Tinkercad:
Part 2
,
Chapter
6
gets you going with the beginnings of a 3D nameplate to design.
Part 3
,
Chapter
10
gets you straight into designing a simple skyscraper, with its own helicopter landing pad.
Also, make sure to check out the Part of Tens. These chapters offer some great background information that will stand you in good stead as you start to involve yourself more deeply in 3D modeling.
Part 1
Getting Started with Tinkercad
IN THIS PART …
Learn about 3D modeling, the modeling process, and various modeling techniques.
Get started with Tinkercad by creating a Tinkercad account, logging in and out of Tinkercad, and creating a Tinkercad design.
View recent designs, choose options and settings, find the help screens, and visit the Tinkercad Twitter page, gallery, and blog.
Explore the Tinkercad user interface and use the ViewCube, viewing tools, the Tinkercad grid, and keyboard shortcuts.
Explore the 3D tools in Tinkercad, including Copy and Paste, Duplicate, Hide, Show All, Group and Ungroup, Align, Flip, Workplane, Ruler, the Tinkercad Basic Shapes menu, and the Featured Shape Generators and Community Shape Generators.
Chapter 1
Exploring 3D Design
IN THIS CHAPTER
Discovering basic concepts of 3D design
Understanding 3D models
Looking at the 3D modeling process
Comparing 3D and 2D methods
In this chapter, you discover all things 3D so that you can understand the basic terminology and concepts of the 3D universe before you go rushing off to the world of Tinkercad.
What Is 3D Modeling?
3D is the abbreviation for 3-dimensional. In the world of Computer Aided Design (CAD), 3D modeling (also known as three-dimensional modeling) is the process or workflow of developing a computer-based (mathematical) model of any surface of an object, regardless of whether it’s inanimate (such as a gear wheel) or living (such as an animal or a human being).
3D modeling is done in three dimensions via specialized software and, in your case, Tinkercad. The end product is normally called a 3D model. Someone who works with 3D models may often be referred to as a 3D artist.
The 3D model has the advantage that it can be displayed on the computer screen as a two-dimensional image through a process called 3D rendering. For example, these images are often the uber-cool pictures you see in an architect’s slideshow of a new building or house he designed. They also may be used in a computer simulation of physical phenomena, such as virtual prototype testing to see whether the lighting makes a new product desirable to a given market.
The iPhone is a typical example where lighting is an important facet of the design to highlight all the lovely curves and bevels on the iPhone case. (Can you tell I’m an Apple fan?) The model can also be physically created using 3D printing devices, which is where Tinkercad comes into its own, with the ability to export 3D model files for 3D printing.
3D models may be created automatically or manually. The manual modeling process of preparing geometric data for 3D computer graphics is similar to plastic arts, such as sculpting. Now that does sound complicated, right? It’s not. The Tinkercad interface simplifies the manual 3D workflow, allowing you, the Tinkercad user, to manually create your 3D designs and take them all the way to 3D printing.
Tinkercad is classed as 3D modeling software, which is a class of 3D computer graphics software used to produce 3D models. Individual programs of this class are called modeling applications or modelers. Tinkercad is one of several 3D modeling applications or modelers that are provided by the San Francisco–based software company, Autodesk.
Figure 1-1 shows a typical example of 3D design.
Credit: ESO/ERIS Phase A Team
FIGURE 1-1: The ERIS high-resolution camera and spectrograph concept design for ESO’s Very Large Telescope.
3D MODELING IN THE REAL WORLD
As technology and computer hardware have moved forward and become much faster and much more capable, 3D models are now widely used anywhere in 3D graphics and CAD. Their use predates the widespread use of 3D graphics on personal computers nowadays, and many computer games used prerendered images of 3D models as sprites (not the soft drink) before computers could render them in real-time.
Today, 3D models are used in a diverse variety of fields:
The medical industry uses detailed models of organs, which are created with multiple two-dimensional (2D) image slices from an MRI or CT scan.The movie and television industry uses them as characters and objects for animated and real-life motion pictures in film and television (think Avatar, Star Wars, and Game of Thrones).The video game industry uses them as assets for computer and video games. If you’ve used an Xbox, a PlayStation 4, or a Nintendo, you’ve used 3D assets in the games you’ve played, regardless of how cartoony or real-life they are.The science industry sector uses them as highly detailed models of chemical compounds, such as the human genome project.The architecture and construction industry uses them instead of traditional, physical architectural models to demonstrate proposed buildings and landscapes. However, some of those 3D models then become 3D printed models to show the new building or landscape in place in a city environment, for example.The engineering community uses them for the design of new devices, vehicles, and structures, as well as a host of other uses, such as nondestructive prototyping.In recent decades, the earth science community has started to construct 3D geological models as a standard practice. City modeling is now common practice within government departments in an effort to become more environmentally sustainable with the study of light and wind to create a more “green” world in which to live.3D models can also be the basis for physical devices that are built with 3D printers or CNC machines.
Comparing 3D to 2D Methods
3D photorealistic effects achieved without wireframe modeling can be hard to distinguish when in their final form. Some of the software available has incredibly sophisticated filters that you can apply to 2D vector graphics or 2D raster graphics on transparent layers, making the finished image look remarkably realistic.
However, wireframe 3D modeling has several advantages over the 2D method:
Flexibility:
The ability to change angles or animate images with quicker rendering, because a realistic 3D model is already there to be used.
Easy rendering:
The automatic calculation and rendering is easier as the 3D modeler has built-in algorithms to render realistically rather than mentally visualizing or estimating the rendered image.
Accurate photorealism:
You have less chance of overdoing, misplacing, or forgetting to include any visual effects.
So, what disadvantages are there to 3D?
Software learning curve:
Learning 3D software can take longer as 3D modelers tend to be more sophisticated and have more “under the hood.”
Difficulty achieving certain photorealistic effects:
You can achieve some photorealistic effects with special rendering filters included in the modeling software and specific to a 3D modeler. 3D artists sometimes use a combination of 3D modelers, following that up with 2D editing of the 2D computer-rendered images from the 3D model.
3D modeling makes sense if you’re going to fabricate or manufacture your design. It provides a real-world model that can be viewed from any angle,3D printed in order for it to be visualized for real, and even submitted for nondestructive testing (such as the outer casing for a cell phone such as the iPhone, for example).
2D, on the other hand, is great for conceptual work. There is no need for full visualization because 2D is great for approximating what a model might look like with no need for a full 3D model to be created, thus saving on time, training, and costs.
Discovering Model Representation
A 3D model is represented either as a full solid or a shell of a solid. Imagine an old-fashioned wooden toy block as compared to a hollow Lego™ brick. Pretty much all 3D models fall into one of two categories:
Solid:
These models define the volume of the object or entity they represent (like a cube, for example). Solid models are often used for engineering and medical applications and are usually built with constructive solid geometry. In this book, I show you how Tinkercad utilizes solids to make your life easier as you design.
Shell/boundary:
These models represent the surface of an object or entity. The boundary of the object is a bit like an eggshell and forms the object’s shell, which is infinitesimally thin. Almost all visual models used in games and film are shell models, with surface properties applied.
Solid and shell modeling can create functionally identical objects, such as the Utah teapot, which is one of the most common models used in 3D graphics education (see Figure 1-2).
Credit: Dhatfield/CC BY-SA 3.0.
FIGURE 1-2: A modern rendering of the iconic Utah teapot model developed by Martin Newell (1975).
The differences between solid and shell modeling are the different methods in which they’re created and edited in the various 3D modelers that are used, along with differing conventions of use in various fields.
Another difference is in the types of approximations between the model and reality, such as units of measurement and how the solids, shells, and boundaries are represented.
Looking at the Modeling Process
Imagine a big, infinite space, such as a galaxy in Star Wars. Your 3D models represent a physical object, such as a building, a gear cog, or even a nut or a bolt, by using a collection of points in that infinite 3D space (galaxy). You can connect these points using various geometric entities, such as triangles, lines, and curved surfaces.
Because the 3D model is formed by a collection of data (points and other information), you can create these 3D models by hand (manually), algorithmically (procedural modeling), or scanned (using 3D scanning methods).
You can further define their surfaces with texture mapping, which adds physical material attributes, such as brick, metal, or glass.
Creation of a 3D model
You can create a 3D model in one of three popular ways:
Polygonal modeling
Curve modeling
Digital sculpting
These methods, which are described in the following sections, allow for very artistic exploration of the model with topology created over it after the models form and details have been sculpted. The new mesh will usually have the original high-res mesh information transferred into displacement data or normal map data if it’s for a game engine. Meshes are nets of interconnected triangles.
Due to the accuracy and artistry digital sculpting provides, the 3D modelers used are often installed on tablets using highly accurate styli. Check out the 3D fantasy fish in Figure 1-3 for a typical example of a 3D model. It was modeled using organic surfaces.
Credit: Jahurtado/CC BY-SA 4.0.
FIGURE 1-3: A 3D fantasy fish composed of organic surfaces generated using LAI4D.
Polygonal modeling
The points used to create a 3D model are called vertices and are connected by line segments to form a polygon mesh. (Imagine a 3D spider web, where it forms a 3D shape, and each line from each interconnecting point forms a 3D edge, and each of these edges forms the 3D model.)
Many 3D models created are developed as textured polygonal models because they’re flexible and can be rendered extremely quickly.
The downside, however, is that polygons are planar and can only approximate curved surfaces using many polygons.
Figure 1-4 gives you a good idea of how polygonal modeling breaks down an object — in this case, a human head — into polygons to allow it to be modeled and rendered quickly.
Credit: CC BY-SA 3.0.
FIGURE 1-4: Polygonal modeling.
Curve modeling
Using curve modeling, the 3D surfaces are defined by curves, influenced by weighted control points, which pull the curves in the appropriate direction.
The curve then follows the points (but sometimes will not interpolate them). If the weighting for a point is increased, it will pull the curve closer to that point.
Curve types include Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS), splines, patches, and geometric primitives. While they all sound complicated, the 3D modeler, such as Tinkercad, will do all the math.
Digital sculpting
Digital sculpting is a new modeling method, which has become popular on current tablet devices that use the highly accurate styli now available.
There are currently three types of digital sculpting:
Displacement
is the most widely used among applications at this moment. Displacement uses a dense mesh model and stores locations for the vertex positions through use of a 32-bit image map.
Volumetric
is loosely based on
voxels
