Ultimate CNAPP for Next-Gen Multi Cloud Security: Master CNAPP to Secure Your Cloud-Native Applications with Unified Visibility, Compliance, and Multi-Cloud Protection E-Book
Ravi Kumar
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- Herausgeber: Orange Education Pvt Ltd
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2025
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Ultimate CNAPP forNext-Gen Multi CloudSecurity
Master CNAPP to Secure Your Cloud-NativeApplications with Unified Visibility,Compliance, and Multi-Cloud Protection
Ravi Kumar Malhotra
www.orangeava.com
Copyright © 2025 Orange Education Pvt Ltd, AVA®
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First Published: October 2025
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Dedicated To
My Beloved Parents,
Shri Krishan Lal Malhotra and Raj Rani Malhotra,
My Wife, Monika, My Daughter, Ruhin, My Son, Manthan Malhotra
And
My Younger Brother, Nitin
About the Author
Ravi Kumar Malhotra is a cybersecurity strategist and cloud security consultant with over two decades of experience and expertise in architecting and implementing secure cloud-native environments. His journey into cybersecurity is a story of transformation — beginning with a bachelor’s degree in commerce, Ravi made a deliberate shift into the world of technology. Through relentless self-learning and hands-on experience, he evolved into a respected expert across network security, cybersecurity, and cloud security domains.
Currently, working as Senior Manager – Consulting | Cloud Security, Ravi leads enterprise security transformations across multi-cloud infrastructures, combining strategy with implementation.
His expertise spans across all major Firewalls, Web Application Firewalls (WAFs), WAN Accelerator, Data Loss Preventions (DLPs), and also the entire CNAPP landscape — from Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM), Cloud Workload Protection Platforms (CWPP), and Kubernetes Security Posture Management (KSPM) to Data Security Posture Management (DSPM) and DevSecOps.
Ravi has successfully designed and deployed secure architectures across Microsoft Defender for Cloud, Azure, GCP, OCI, Zscaler ZIA/ZPA, and Barracuda Firewall solutions. His passion lies in breaking down complex cloud security concepts into actionable steps that enable teams to scale securely and confidently.
In the book, Ultimate CNAPP for Next-Gen Multi Cloud Security, Ravi distils years of field experience into an accessible, practical resource — packed with real-world scenarios, guided labs, and proven frameworks to help readers implement modern cloud security controls. A recognized community voice, Ravi engages with a growing network of 18,000+ professionals on LinkedIn, where he regularly shares insights, visual explainers, and thought leadership on emerging security trends. His content empowers professionals across industries to build strong foundations in cloud security, one concept at a time.
Ravi’s professional credentials include Checkpoint CCSA, CCSE, CCSE+, CCIE Security, JNCIA, AWS, Azure, and GCP cloud certifications. His Zero Trust and access management knowledge are validated by Zscaler ZIA and ZPA credentials, along with certification in Barracuda technologies. He is currently pursuing a master’s degree in Cybersecurity, demonstrating his belief in lifelong learning.
About the Technical Reviewer
Ravi Bindra has over 30 years experience in IT and Cyber Security including roles as Global Head of Risk Management and Security at a global pharmaceutical enterprise in Switzerland (Roche) and as Global Head of Security Architecture at another (Novartis). He has led the transformation of security infrastructure in these companies in the domains of Network Security, IAM, Application Security, SIEMs, IT Service Continuity and Data Centre Security, where he designed the security controls that would allow a regulated industry to securely use cloud services. His core princiala are “get the basics right” and “process is more important than technology”.
He currently serves is as the CISO for SoftwareOne, which transformed fully to a cloud-only model between 2020 to 2023. During this transformation, he collaborated with Ravi Malhotra, who led network security architecture, to implement security controls that enabled the rapid adoption of transformational technologies. His current focus is on ensuring the safe use of AI.
Acknowledgements
The journey of writing this book, Ultimate CNAPP for Next-Gen Multi Cloud Security has been both intellectually rewarding, and personally enriching. I am profoundly grateful to the many individuals who supported, inspired, and empowered me throughout this process.
I thank my parents, whose unwavering belief in me has been my silent strength. Their values, encouragement, and quiet resilience continue to shape every chapter of my life, including this salient one!
I thank my wife, daughter and son, whose curiosity, questions, and innocent perspectives reminded me why simplification and clarity matter, even in the most complex of subjects. This book carries their silent imprint.
A special acknowledgment goes to Mr. Ravi Bindra, whose discerning and technical eye as well as encouragement brought both precision and perspective to this work. His input ensured that the book remains not only comprehensive, but also credible and relevant.
I am also truly thankful to Mr. Lalit Kalra, my mentor and thought partner, for his constant support and valuable guidance. His insights and encouragement helped me think more clearly, and improve the quality of this book.
I extend my sincere appreciation to the cybersecurity community, whose collective spirit of knowledge-sharing fuelled the foundation of this book. My deep gratitude also goes to the practitioners and engineers building the future of CNAPP. Their work inspired every lab, concept, and the practical insight captured here.
I thank the publishing team at Orange Education Pvt Ltd, whose professionalism, patience, and meticulous attention to detail transformed this manuscript into a finished work, I am truly proud of. Lastly, to the unsung contributors — the community forum responders, open-source contributors, cloud evangelists, and the countless voices in the background — a big thank you! Their passion for securing the cloud-native world made this book possible.
Preface
As organizations accelerate their adoption of cloud-native technologies, the need to secure dynamic, distributed, and hybrid environments has never been more critical. This book, Ultimate CNAPP for Next-Gen Multi Cloud Security was born out of this urgent need — to demystify the evolving concept of Cloud-Native Application Protection Platforms (CNAPP), and to serve as a practical guide for both security practitioners and modern DevSecOps professionals.
The book provides a comprehensive understanding of CNAPP — not just as a buzzword, but as an integrated security strategy combining multiple cloud security pillars such as CSPM, CWPP, CIEM, KSPM, and DevSecOps with CNAPP, CSNS, DSPM, and Centralized Compliance Management. Through real-world examples, hands-on labs, and industry insights, the book bridges the gap between theory and application.
With the rise of containerized workloads, multi-cloud adoption, and continuous integration pipelines, security cannot remain an afterthought. CNAPP offers a unified approach to secure every layer of the cloud-native stack — from code to runtime. This book explores these layers in depth, empowering readers to assess, implement, and operationalize CNAPP effectively.
Hence, whether you are a security architect, cloud engineer, SOC analyst, compliance lead, or a curious learner looking to upskill, this guide walks you through essential concepts, modern tools, and hands-on configurations to build robust cloud security postures. The content has been carefully organized into chapters that progressively cover foundational knowledge, technical implementation, and real-world use cases — ensuring both breadth and depth of understanding.
This book is divided into 11 focused chapters that together form a unified CNAPP journey:
Chapter 1. Understanding Cloud Computing, Cloud-Native Applications Security and Challenges: In this chapter, readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental concepts related to cloud computing offerings across various platforms. We will explore the different types of cloud computing environments, including private, public, and hybrid models. Additionally, we will delve into the various service models such as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).
Chapter 2. Understanding Cloud Native Application Protection Platform (CNAPP): In this chapter, readers will understand the meaning of cloud native assets, their risks and vulnerabilities, as well as the need to secure cloud native assets. As there are many different types of cloud-native assets, organizations have footprints with multi-cloud and hybrid environments. To protect applications spread across public, private and hybrid clouds, security teams typically must use multiple security tools. These multiple security tools have different DNAs and development methods, so that they do not collaborate with each other.
Chapter 3. A Practical Guide to Onboarding CNAPP: Understanding Microsoft Defender for Cloud is a comprehensive Cloud-Native Application Protection Platform (CNAPP) designed to secure your cloud environments. It provides robust security features that protect against a wide range of threats, ensuring that your applications and data remain safe. Hence, by integrating seamlessly with Azure, AWS, GCP, Azure DevOps, Docker, and GitHub, it offers a unified security solution across multiple platforms.
Chapter 4. Understanding Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM): In today's digital age, cloud computing has become the backbone of many organizations. With this shift, ensuring the security of cloud environments is more important than ever. This is where Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) comes into play. CSPM is a set of tools and practices designed to continuously monitor and improve the security of cloud infrastructures.
Chapter 5. Understanding Cloud Workload Protection Platform (CWPP): In this chapter, we will explore CWPP concepts, technologies, and industry best practices, followed by hands-on labs using Microsoft Defender for Cloud to implement both agent-based and agentless security for servers and serverless workloads.
Chapter 6. Understanding Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management (CIEM): As cloud technology continues to transform how organizations operate, securing cloud environments has become more crucial than ever. This chapter takes you on a journey into Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management (CIEM), a key component of modern cloud security.
Chapter 7. Understanding Kubernetes Security Posture Management (KSPM): Kubernetes is everywhere—from start-ups to enterprises—powering modern apps in the cloud. But with all that flexibility and scale comes a big challenge, that is Security. That is where Kubernetes Security Posture Management (KSPM) comes in. In fact, KSPM helps you find and fix misconfigurations, identify risks before attackers do, and monitor your cluster setup against security best practices.
Chapter 8. Understanding DevSecOps with CNAPP: This chapter introduces the principles and practices of DevSecOps in the context of cloud-native development, breaking down how security is automated, enforced, and monitored at every phase of the software lifecycle. This is where DevSecOps comes in — a modern cultural and technical shift that integrates security practices directly into DevOps workflows.
Chapter 9. Understanding Cloud Service Network Security (CSNS): Within a CNAPP framework, Cloud Service Network Security (CSNS) functions as a foundational layer focused on securing network-level communications. It ensures protected traffic flows, enforces controlled access paths, and safeguards infrastructure across multi-cloud and hybrid environments.
Chapter 10. Centralized Compliance Management Using CNAPP: As cloud environments grow in scale and complexity, maintaining regulatory compliance across services, workloads, and subscriptions becomes a critical challenge for modern enterprises. This section provides hands-on experience in managing compliance centrally, using Microsoft Defender for Cloud.
Chapter 11. Understanding Data Security Posture Management (DSPM): Data is the heart of every modern business, and keeping it safe in the cloud is more important than ever. Companies store vast amounts of sensitive data such as customer records, financial details, and intellectual property across multiple cloud platforms. But without the right security measures, this data can be exposed, misused, or even stolen.
To sum up, this book serves as a trusted companion in your cloud security journey, and empowers you to secure what matters most — confidently, effectively, and continuously.
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Table of Contents
1. Understanding Cloud Computing, Cloud-Native Applications Security and Challenges
Introduction
Structure
Introduction to Cloud Computing
Traditional On-Premises Infrastructure
Understanding Shared-Responsibility Model
CapEx versus OpEx
CapEx
OpeX
Scalability and Flexibility in Cloud Economics
Cloud Computing Deployment Models
Public Cloud
Private Cloud
Hybrid Cloud
Community Cloud
Cloud Computing Service Models
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Function as a Service (FaaS)
Container as a Service (CaaS)
Database as a Service (DBaaS)
Storage as a Service (STaaS)
Network as a Service (NaaS)
Security as a Service (SECaaS)
Monitoring as a Service (MaaS)
Anything as a Service (XaaS)
Serverless Architecture
Cloud Computing Platforms Service Providers
Amazon AWS
Microsoft Azure
Google GCP
Cloud Computing Characteristics
Enhanced Native Security Solutions in Cloud Computing
Automated and Advanced Threat Detection and Response
Identity and Access Management
Encryption
Compliance and Governance
Security Information and Event Management
Web Application Firewall
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Protection
Endpoint Protection
Network Security
Container Security
Kubernetes Security
Zero Trust Security
Categories of Services in the Cloud Computing Platforms
Compute Services
Storage Services
Structured Data
Unstructured Data
Semi-Structured Data
Database Services
Networking Services
Security Services
DevOps Services
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AIML) Services
Market Trends for Cloud Computing
Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Strategies
Edge Computing
Zero Trust Architecture
Serverless Computing
Micro Services
Sustainability and Green Cloud
Quantum Computing
Data Sovereignty and Localization
Conclusion
Points to Remember
Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers
Questions
Key Terms
2. Understanding Cloud Native Application Protection Platform (CNAPP)
Introduction
Structure
Understanding CNAPP Platform
The Evolution of Cloud Security
Defining CNAPP
Core Components of CNAPP
Key Features of CNAPP
Processes for Implementing CNAPP in Your Organizations
CNAPP versus Traditional Security Approaches
Understanding CNAPP Architecture Flow
The Importance of CNAPP for an Organization
Overview of Leading CNAPPs
Selection Strategies before You Procure CNAPP
Understanding Organizational Requirements
Evaluating CNAPP Features and Capabilities
Integration and Interoperability
Vendor Reputation and Support
Cost Considerations
Bonus Topic: Endorsement from Industry Leaders
Understanding CSPM
Introduction to CSPM
Top 10 CNAPP Providers with Their Adoption Rate
Understanding CWPP
Introduction to CWPP and WAAS
Core Components of CWPP
Benefits of CWPP
Agent-Based and Agentless Workload Protection in CWPP
Understanding Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management (CIEM)
Introduction to CIEM
Core Components of CIEM
Benefits of CIEM
Understanding Cloud Service Network Security (CSNS)
Introduction to CSNS
Key Components of CSNS
Best Practices for CSNS
The Role of CNAPP in Cloud Network Security
Understanding KSPM
Understanding Kubernetes
The Fundamentals of KSPM
Core Components of KSPM
Benefits of KSPM
Understanding DSPM
Introduction to DSPM
Functioning of DSPM
DSPM Capabilities
Understanding Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) Scanning
The Fundamentals of IaC
Popular IaC Languages Used by Industry Experts
The Fundamentals of IaC Scanning
Understanding Shift-Left Security
Understanding Policy as Code (PaC) Concept
Understanding Centralized Compliance Dashboard
Key Compliances Managed by a Centralized Compliance Dashboard
Real-World Case Studies for CNAPP
Case Study 1: Global Retailer
Case Study 2: Financial Institution
The Future of CNAPP
Conclusion
Points to Remember
Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers
Questions
Key Terms
3. A Practical Guide to Onboarding CNAPP
Introduction
Structure
CNAPP: Microsoft Defender for Cloud
Understanding Microsoft Defender for Cloud
Understanding Subscriptions and Licensing for Defender for Cloud
Subscription Models
Licensing Models
Subscription Details
Licensing Details
Free Tier Offerings
Paid Plans
Decoding Pricing Plans
Cost Estimation and Savings
CNAPP Onboarding Labs
Lab # 1: Automatic Onboarding of Foundational CSPM to the Azure Cloud Platform
Lab # 2: Manual Onboarding of Defender CSPM to the Azure Cloud Platform
Lab # 3: Manual Onboarding of Server CSPM Plans to the Azure Cloud Platform
Lab # 4: Onboarding Multiple Subscriptions Using Azure Policy
Lab # 5: Onboarding Defender for Cloud to the AWS Cloud Platform
Lab # 6: Onboarding Defender for Cloud to the GCP Cloud Platform
Conclusion
Points to Remember
Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers
Questions
Key Terms
4. Understanding Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM)
Introduction
Structure
Introduction to CSPM
Key Components of CSPM
Importance of CSPM Matters in Real-World Cloud Security
Real-World Cloud Security Incidents
The Growing Importance of CSPM
Adoption Trends
Leading CSPM Solutions in the Industry
Challenges and Future of CSPM
Current Challenges
The Future of CSPM
Microsoft Defender for Cloud as a CSPM Solution
Understanding Security Policies
Understanding Security Initiative
Understanding Security Recommendations
Explore Secure Score
How is Your Secure Score Calculated
Explore Recommendations
Understanding Workbooks
Understanding Attack Path Analysis
Understanding Cloud Security Explorer
Understanding Attack Paths and Risk Propagation
Multi-Cloud Support for Unified Security Governance
Enabling Proactive Threat Hunting
CSPM Labs
Lab # 1: Enabling Foundational and Defender CSPM
Foundational CSPM (Enabled by Default)
Defender CSPM (Must be Manually Enabled)
Lab # 2: Understanding the Next Steps after Enabling CSPM
Lab # X: Exploring the Overview Tab
Lab # 3: Exploring Inventory in Microsoft Defender for Cloud
Lab # 4: Discover Hard Disks Using Cloud Security Explorer
Lab # 5: Discover Virtual Machines Using Cloud Security Explorer
Lab # 6: Discover All Recommendations Only for Virtual Machines from Recommendations Page
Lab # 7: Exploring Security Posture, and Secure Score
Conclusion
Points to Remember
Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers
Questions
Key Terms
5. Understanding Cloud Workload Protection Platform (CWPP)
Introduction
Structure
Concepts and Theories of CWPP
Core Capabilities of CWPP
Microsoft Defender for Cloud as a CWPP Solution
CWPP Deployment Models
Emerging Trends in CWPP
Understanding WAAP
Importance of WAAP in Cloud Environments
WAAP and CWPP: A Unified Defense for Modern Applications
Internal versus External Security: A Dual Approach
Real-Life Analogy: Home Security
Why Integration Matters
A Modern and Unified Security Approach
Use Cases of WAAP in CWPP Context
CWPP Labs
Conclusion
Points to Remember
Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers
Questions
Key Terms
6. Understanding Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management (CIEM)
Introduction
Structure
Understanding Identity and Access Management (IAM)
Core Components of IAM
IAM Technologies and Tools
IAM Processes and Best Practices
IAM Services in The Cloud
Practical Knowledge: IAM Services Offered in AWS
Practical Knowledge: IAM Services Offered in Azure
Practical Knowledge: IAM Services Offered in GCP
IAM Best Security Practices Across AWS, Azure and GCP
Future Trends in IAM
IAM Labs
IAM Lab # 1: Creating a Group and User Account, and Assigning a Policy in AWS, Azure, and GCP
IAM Lab # 2: Enable MFA in AWS, Azure and GCP
Understanding CIEM
Understanding Entitlements in CIEM
Difference Between IAM, PAM, IGA and CIEM
Difference Between PAM and CIEM
Difference between CSPM and CIEM
Importance of CIEM
Working of CIEM
Best Scenarios for Using CIEM
Compliances and Governance in CIEM
CIEM Labs
CIEM Lab # 1: Enabling the CIEM Module in Microsoft Defender for Cloud for the Azure Environment
CIEM Lab # 2: Enabling the CIEM Module in Microsoft Defender for Cloud for the AWS Environment
CIEM Lab # 3: Enabling the CIEM Module in Microsoft Defender for Cloud for the GCP Environment
CIEM Lab # 4: Navigating Inventory to Discover IAM Related Resources from Azure, AWS and GCP Cloud Platforms
CIEM Lab # 5: Navigating Recommendations Page for CIEM Related Insights
CIEM Lab # 6: Explore all Recommendations and List Down all for CIEM Entities (Users/Groups and Roles)
CIEM Lab # 7: Explore the Recommendation - “MFA should be enabled for all IAM users”
CIEM – SIEM – SOAR: Enhancing Cloud Security
Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management (CIEM)
Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)
Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR)
Integrating CIEM, SIEM, and SOAR
Conclusion
Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers
Points to Remember
Questions
Key Terms
7. Understanding Kubernetes Security Posture Management (KSPM)
Introduction
Structure
Introduction to Kubernetes and Security Posture
Understanding Fundamentals of Containers
Understanding Containerization Techniques in AWS
Understanding Containerization Techniques in Azure
Understanding Containerization Techniques in GCP
Understanding Fundamentals of Docker
Understanding Fundamentals of Kubernetes
Containers vs Docker vs Kubernetes
Kubernetes Security Risks and Challenges
Key Components of Kubernetes Security
Understanding KSPM Tools and Solution
The Significance of KSPM
KSPM Tools and Solutions
Microsoft Defender for Cloud as a KSPM Solution
Integrating KSPM with CI/CD Pipeline
KSPM Best Practices: A Mindset, Not Just A Checklist
Configuring KSPM for Kubernetes Security
KSPM Labs
Lab # 1: Enabling the KSPM Module in Microsoft Defender for Cloud
Conclusion
Points to Remember
Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers
Questions
Key Terms
8. Understanding DevSecOps with CNAPP
Introduction
Structure
Modern DevOps Buzzwords Explained
Understanding DevSecOps in Action
Integrating Microsoft Defender for Cloud in a DevSecOps Workflow
Real-World Use Cases and Best Practices
Use Case 1: Early Detection of Vulnerabilities in CI/CD Pipelines
Use Case 2: Enhancing Compliance through Continuous Monitoring
Use Case 3: Responding to Security Incidents with Automated Workflows
Use Case 4: Managing Shadow IT and Unauthorized Applications
Use Case 5: Securing Multi-Cloud Environments
The Fundamentals of Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
Popular IaC Languages Used by Industry Experts
Understanding JSON Language
Understanding YAML Language
Understanding Terraform Language
The Fundamentals of IaC Scanning
Key Processes in IaC Scanning
Tools and Technologies for IaC Scanning
Challenges in IaC Scanning
Conclusion
Points to Remember
Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers
Questions
Key Terms
9. Understanding Cloud Service Network Security (CSNS)
Introduction
Structure
Introduction to Cloud Service Network Security (CSNS) Module in CNAPP
Understanding CSNS
Why CSNS Matters in CNAPP
Evolution from Traditional Network Security
Modern Capabilities of CSNS
The Role of CSNS in Zero Trust Architectures
Challenges Addressed by CSNS
Core Components and Capabilities of CSNS
Micro-Segmentation
Identity-Aware Network Controls
Network Visibility and Traffic Analytics
Lateral Movement Prevention
Threat Detection and Behavioral Anomaly Monitoring
Policy Automation and Continuous Validation
Just-in-Time (JIT) Access Control
Cloud-Native Integration across Multi-Cloud
CSNS in Action: Real-World Scenarios
Use Case # 1: Securing Multi-Tier Cloud Applications
Use Case # 2: Enabling Zero Trust Networking in a Hybrid Cloud
Use Case # 3: Blocking Suspicious East-West Traffic in Kubernetes
Use Case # 4: Regulatory Compliance and Traffic Logging
Use Case # 5: Internet-Exposed Services with Limited Access
Configuring Microsoft Defender for Cloud as a CSNS Solution
Prerequisites
Enable Network Layer Threat Protection
Configure Just-in-Time (JIT) VM Access
Implement Adaptive Network Hardening
Enable NSG Flow Logs and Traffic Analytics
Configure Alerts and Workflow Automation
Enforce Network Security via Azure Policy
Conclusion
Points to Remember
Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers
Questions
Key Terms
10. Centralized Compliance Management Using CNAPP
Introduction
Structure
Demystifying Compliance Buzzwords
Understanding Importance of Compliance Management
Understanding Popular Compliance: AWS Well Architected Framework
🧱 The 5 Pillars of AWS Well-Architected Framework
Understanding Popular Compliance: CIS Microsoft Foundations Benchmark
Understanding Popular Compliance: NIST Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF)
Microsoft Defender for Cloud: Your Single Hub for Compliance Management
How to Configure Centralized Compliance Management in Microsoft Defender for Cloud
Centralized Compliance Management Labs
Lab # 1: Exploring Regulatory Compliance Section in Defender for Cloud
Lab # 2: Managing Compliance Standards: Enabling NIST SP 800-53 Standard
Lab # 3: Exploring Compliance Secure Score Generated by All Standards
Conclusion
Points to Remember
Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers
Questions
Key Terms
11. Understanding Data Security Posture Management (DSPM)
Introduction
Structure
Introduction to DSPM
Key Components of DSPM
Data Discovery and Classification
Risk Assessment and Security Posture Management
Access Control and Permissions Monitoring
Compliance and Regulatory Monitoring
Threat Detection and Incident Response
Why DSPM Has Become Essential in the Industry
Real-World Security Incidents That DSPM Could Have Prevented
Microsoft Defender for Cloud as a DSPM Solution
Key Components of DSPM
Understanding Sensitive Data Discovery
Data Security Posture Management in Defender CSPM
How DSPM Works in Defender CSPM
Data Security Posture Management in Defender for Storage
How DSPM Works in Defender for Storage
Key Difference: Defender CSPM vs. Defender for Storage CSPM
DSPM Labs
Lab # 1: Enabling and Configuring DSPM in Microsoft Defender for Cloud for Azure, AWS, and GCP
Lab # 2: Understanding the Next Steps after Enabling DSPM
Lab # 3: Navigating Built-in Data Classification Rules
Lab # 4: Exploring and Configuring Data and AI Security in Microsoft Defender for Cloud
Conclusion
Points to Remember
Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers
Questions
Key Terms
Index
CHAPTER 1
Understanding Cloud Computing, Cloud-Native Applications Security and Challenges
Introduction
Cloud Computing has fundamentally disrupted the whole IT Economy, bringing significant changes and opportunities on a massive scale!
Before we delve into the arsenal of tools designed to fortify cloud security, let us take a moment to revisit the fundamentals of cloud computing.
This chapter will cover all the basic concepts which are necessary to learn about cloud computing. Remember that cloud computing is indeed a methodology, rather than a single tool.
It is a suite which contains different types and models of cloud computing platforms, various types of cloud service providers, different types of cloud computing deployment models, most common cloud computing characteristics, and many different types and categories of cloud computing services.
As you embark on this journey through my book, I hope you find the insights and stories both enlightening and enjoyable. Each chapter is crafted to provide valuable knowledge, and a fresh perspective on CNAPP, making it a resource you will want to revisit time and again.
Structure
In this chapter, the following topics will be covered:
Introduction to Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing Deployment Models
Cloud Computing Service Models
Cloud Computing Platforms Service Providers
Cloud Computing Characteristics
Enhanced Native Security Solutions in Cloud Computing
Categories of Services in Cloud Computing Platforms
Market Trends for Cloud Computing
Introduction to Cloud Computing
Welcome to Cloud Computing, a definitely new era of Computing. Believe me, one of the only strong buzzes in the IT industry these days is something known as “Cloud Computing”.
Cloud computing is a new methodology to manage day-to-day operations and much more. It revolutionizes how we handle data, applications and IT infrastructure by leveraging the power of the Internet which is now easily available in every corner of the universe.
Along with the cloud computing demand rising day by day, the market has indeed evolved to address the complexity of cloud computing security and operations.
Look at this business report from “Gartner” emphasizing on the IT landscape, shifting from traditional IT to Cloud Computing.
Figure 1.1: Client–Server Model
Prior to engaging with cloud computing concepts like cloud computing deployment models (public vs private cloud) and cloud computing service models (IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS), it is imperative to possess a comprehensive understanding of the prevalent concepts that define the contemporary cloud computing landscape.
These are some of the concepts that are commonly used in today’s cloud computing world. We will talk about:
On-Premises Infrastructure
Shared-Responsibility Model
CapeX vs OpeX
Traditional On-Premises Infrastructure
You all are aware about this traditional concept known as On-Premises. This has been the only service model available till the beginning and adoption of cloud computing. On-Premises refers to all compute, storage, database, networking resources, and other infrastructure located physically within an organization’s physical boundaries, their own facilities, and buildings, rather than hosted remotely.
Organizations need to purchase all the necessary and desired equipment through the procurement processes which is operationally complex, and time-sensitive too. There is a chance that the equipment will arrive on schedule, but there is also a possibility, it might be delayed, which may cause you loss. Organizations must also invest in physical spaces, buildings with special needs for the purpose of data centers, and specialized rooms with HVAC capabilities. Then you also need a pool of resources, which means lots of people, for you to design the whole network, and to run this network design securely and smoothly over the time. Believe me, this all is challenging, and difficult.
Scalability, Agility and High Availability have always been difficult factors in setting up on-premises infrastructure. It is very difficult to scale up, in case there is a sudden spike, and current provisioned infrastructure runs out of capacity. And the other side of the coin is also dangerous, which means you also may pay extra for overprovisioning the infrastructure which is never used/utilized at the expected level.
There are many other challenges in setting up the on-premises infrastructure which is resolved by adapting some of the cloud computing service models such as IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.
Understanding Shared-Responsibility Model
Before you begin your journey as a cloud administrator, you must understand the key concepts such as “cloud service providers” and “cloud consumers”. Equally important is a thorough understanding of your responsibilities as a cloud consumer, and what all you get as a service from the cloud service provider. Remember, as an organization utilizing cloud services accessible via the Internet, you are identified as a cloud consumer.
This foundational knowledge is indispensable for distinguishing between different service models such as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).
There exists a distinct delineation between your role as a cloud consumer, and that of the cloud service provider, a boundary that is meticulously outlined within the framework of the “shared responsibility model.”
The shared responsibility model stands as a pivotal tenet, elucidating the demarcation of duties between the cloud consumer and the cloud service provider.
CapEx versus OpEx
Think, why would you as an organization opt for cloud computing?
The pay-as-you-go model, which is actually an OpEx model, is indeed one of the significant factors in the whole disruption strategy caused by cloud computing. It is really important for you to enable yourself with these two highly used terms in cloud computing. This understanding will help directly manage your finance spent on IT Infrastructure procurement.
Most of you believe that cloud computing works on the OpeX model, but remember that cloud computing operates at both CapEx and OpeX models such as the “Public Cloud Computing Platform” operates at OpEx model, while the “Private Cloud Computing Platform” operates at the CapEx model.
You will not be able to understand these terms better wearing a hat of a cloud engineer or analyst, you need to have some finance related knowledge, and you will have to wear a hat of the “Cloud Finance Officer” or “Chief Technology Officer” to understand these terms better.
CapEx
CapeX means Capital Expenditure. It simply means an upfront payment.
Capex was the only one of the heavily used payment methods for procuring IT assets such as industrial buildings, data-centers, racks, servers, software licenses, network and security equipment, as well as other IT assets before Cloud Computing disrupted the whole IT economy.
With the Capex model, all the money is spent in one go to buy and procure different types of IT assets. These are heavy and large investments which provide benefits over a long period.
The private cloud deployment model leverages CapEx business expense model.
OpeX
OpeX means operational expenditure. These are all day to day running expenses required to effectively run a business.
Public cloud deployment model leverages OpeX business expense model.
Scalability and Flexibility in Cloud Economics
One of the most compelling advantages of cloud computing—especially under the OpEx model—is its inherent scalability. Organizations can easily upscale or downscale their IT resources based on real-time demand, without being locked into long-term hardware investments.
This is particularly beneficial for startups and growing businesses which often face unpredictable workloads and limited capital. Instead of investing heavily in infrastructure they might not need immediately, they can start small and expand month by month, aligning costs directly with usage.
This flexibility not only optimizes financial planning, but also accelerates innovation and responsiveness.
Cloud Computing Deployment Models
Cloud Computing is a diverse set of tools and technologies. It is a suite of tools and technologies. It is not just limited to one specific set of models, rather it offers various deployment models that can be stitched as per an organization’s individual and unique needs. It encompasses a varied spectrum of tools and technologies.
The first thing to begin in understanding cloud computing is the “Cloud Computing Deployment Models”. We ensure that we will share industry-wide accepted and engaging use cases, and self-explanatory theories to make the concept easy to digest.
Public Cloud
A Public Cloud platform is public which means that all the different types of services offered such as Compute, Storage, Databases, Machine Learning and Analytics services are public in nature, and provided over the INTERNET by the cloud service provider. Remember that, being public, all these services are exposed over to the INTERNET. It is available to everyone, provided they have the correct authentication medium and valid credentials.
It is important to understand that while public cloud platforms are available to everyone (typically with a credit card and valid credentials), this does not mean that the resources you deploy are automatically exposed to the Internet.
The term “public” refers to the accessibility of the cloud infrastructure itself—not the visibility of your applications or data.
As a cloud consumer, you are responsible for configuring access controls, network security, and ensuring that only the necessary components are made publicly accessible.
This is a key part of the Shared Responsibility Model, where the cloud provider secures the infrastructure, and you are responsible for securing your environment within it.
These are the most popular Public Cloud Service Providers worldwide:
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Microsoft Azure
Google Cloud Platform
Alibaba Cloud
Oracle Cloud
IBM Cloud
These are some of the core and inherent benefits of adapting the public cloud deployment model:
Cost Efficiency:
I would say this is one of the most ultimate benefits of adapting to the public cloud computing platform. This has disrupted the whole IT industry.
It offers a Pay-as-you-go pricing model in which you only pay for the resources you have used and provisioned, avoiding the high upfront cost of setting up traditional infrastructure. While the public cloud offers a pay-as-you-go model, it is important to note that you typically pay for the resources you provision, not just what you use.
For example, if you provision a high-performance server with 256GB RAM and 128 CPUs, you are billed for that configuration—even if it is underutilized. However, cloud platforms offer features like auto-scaling which allow you to start with a smaller setup, and scale up only when needed. This way, you pay more only when your resource usage increases, making it a cost-effective strategy for dynamic workloads.
Scalability:
Scalability means an ability to efficiently and dynamically adjust computing and other relevant resources such as disks, NIC cards, and IP addresses to meet the changing demands. Remember that autoscaling capability can both increase and decrease as per the demands. Autoscaling feature is available to cloud consumers as a managed service, which means you do not need to worry about the underlying infrastructure.
Scaling capabilities relies on (i) continuous health and performance monitoring, and (ii) pre-defined threshold parameters to add or remove additional resources, based on usage metrics of the CPU, memory, hard-disk, and network traffic.
Threshold Parameters:
Threshold parameters are conditions which can trigger the scaling actions
.
Vertical Scaling (Scaling Up/Down):
It means upgrading and degrading resources such as vCore, RAM, and Hard Disks into an existing running virtual machine to handle the actual demand. If the demand increases, then the virtual machine is scaled up, and when the demand decreases then the virtual machine is scaled down. Scale up means that now you need to pay extra for the compute resources, and scale down means that you pay less. This whole process is automated and triggered with the help of some pre-configured threshold settings.
Horizontal Scaling (Scaling Out/In):
This means adding/removing more similar configuration virtual machines into an existing pool. For example, increasing more servers to meet the sudden spike to the web application due to festival evening, and then removing extra servers to meet the actual traffic. Here again, you pay more, when more similar virtual machines are working in the pool, and you pay less, when few virtual machines are running in the pool. This whole process is automated and triggered with the help of some pre-configured threshold settings.
Use case: The demand for Pizza increases during Christmas worldwide, therefore, the backend infrastructure should be capable of detecting these rise in demands, and accordingly scale up or scale out, and then automatically scale down and scale in, when the demand has decreased.
Agility:
There is a famous saying that “
Being agile is a powerful capability that enables individuals and teams to adapt swiftly to changes, innovate continuously, and deliver high quality results efficiently. It fosters resilience, encourages proactive problem-solving, and enhances the overall productivity
.”
Agility in cloud computing is the ability to adapt to changes by efficiently deploying, managing and scaling applications and resources.
Ease of Management and Maintenance:
Adopting the public cloud fundamentally transforms the ease of management and maintenance for organizations. By leveraging cloud service provider’s robust infrastructure and advanced management tools, businesses can significantly reduce the complexity of their day-to-day IT operations. The public cloud offers automated updates, seamless scaling, and comprehensive monitoring, while collectively minimizing the need for manual interventions, and reducing the risk of human errors. It is a pretty streamlined approach, which not only enhances operational efficiency, but also allows IT teams to focus on strategic initiatives, rather than routine maintenance tasks. Furthermore, the public cloud’s inherent flexibility and accessibility enable rapid deployment of applications and services, ensuring that businesses can swiftly adapt to the changing market demands, and maintain a competitive edge.
Improved Security:
Adapting the public cloud significantly enhances an organization’s security posture. Cloud service providers invest heavily in advanced security technologies and practices, offering robust protection that often surpasses what many businesses can achieve on their own. These providers implement multi-layered security measures, including encryption, identity and access management, and continuous monitoring to safeguard data and applications. Additionally, the public cloud’s inherent scalability allows for rapid deployment of security updates and patches, ensuring that systems remain protected against emerging threats. By leveraging the experience and resources of cloud providers, organizations can achieve a higher level of security, reduce the risk of breaches, and maintain compliance with industry standards and regulations, all while focusing on their core business objectives.
Faster Time to Market:
Adopting the public cloud accelerates an organization’s time to market by streamlining the development and deployment processes. The cloud’s on-demand resources and scalable infrastructure enable teams to quickly provision and configure environments, eliminating the delays associated with traditional hardware procurement and setup. Additionally, cloud-native tools and services such as Continuous Integration and Continuous Development (CI/CD) pipelines, facilitate rapid development cycles and automated testing, ensuring that new features and updates can be rolled out swiftly and reliably. This agility allows businesses to respond faster to market demands, innovate continuously, and maintain a competitive edge. By leveraging the public cloud, organizations can significantly reduce the time it takes to bring new products and services to market, driving growth and customer satisfaction.
Global Reach:
Adopting the public cloud empowers organizations with unparalleled global reach, enabling them to deploy applications and services closer to their users, regardless of their geographic location. Cloud service providers operate extensive networks of data centers around the world, allowing businesses to leverage these distributed resources to ensure low-latency access and high availability. This global infrastructure supports seamless scalability and redundancy, ensuring that applications remain performant and resilient, even during peak demand periods. By utilizing the public cloud, organizations can easily expand into new markets, deliver consistent user experiences across regions, and meet local compliance requirements. This capability to operate on a global scale not only enhances customer satisfaction, but also drives business growth and competitive advantage.
In summary, adopting the public cloud offers a multitude of core benefits that drive operational excellence and business growth. From the ease of management and maintenance to improved security, faster time to market, and global reach, the public cloud empowers organizations to innovate and scale with unprecedented agility. By leveraging the advanced capabilities of and extensive infrastructure of cloud service providers, businesses can focus on their strategic objectives, enhance customer experiences, and maintain a competitive edge in an ever-evolving digital landscape.
Embracing the public cloud is not just a technological shift, but a strategic enabler that transforms how organizations operate and deliver values.
Private Cloud
It is different from the public cloud in many ways. It is as simple as the word, “Private” in English. Yes, it is your own cloud environment, you build this infrastructure, you make this heavy investment to host your servers, databases, applications, and other digital IT assets, as well as finally, you manage it. CapeX business expense is leveraged for setting up the private cloud.
These are the most popular Public Cloud service providers worldwide:
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Microsoft Azure
Google Cloud Platform
VMware
IBM Cloud
OpenStack
Interesting to see that AWS falls under both public and private cloud deployment models. Yes, that is correct. AWS primarily operates as a public cloud provider, offering a wide range of services accessible over the Internet. However, AWS also provides private cloud solutions through services like “AWS Outposts” which bring AWS infrastructure and services to on-premises environments allowing for a hybrid cloud setup. It is an actual and practical use case of Hybrid Cloud Computing platform.
The same is true for Microsoft Azure which offers both public and private cloud solutions. Azure offers private cloud services through “Azure Stack”, which allow you to run Azure services in your own data center. It is an actual and practical use case of Hybrid Cloud Computing platform.
These are the major pillars of a private cloud computing platform:
Enhanced Security:
Private cloud offers the most robust security control for your own organization, including dedicated servers and racks with dedicated network and security gears, dedicated redundant Internet provider links, and dedicated dual water and power supplies.
Customization:
Private cloud offers the highest customization capabilities. This enables organizations to stitch the infrastructure and services as per the actual business needs.
Greater Control:
You being the sole owner of the private cloud infrastructure, you have full control on all physical as well as logical IT assets, including the building, physical security controls (CCTV, fencing) data center, racks, and logical security controls.
Cost Predictability:
The private cloud deployment model offers much better cost optimization and predictability compared to the public cloud deployment model. You can well plan your investment as per the future trend, and the needs of your business.
Private cloud platforms offer a level of cost predictability by allowing organizations to plan their IT investments upfront and amortize them over several years—typically three to five. This model helps to fix your minimum costs, and aligns well with long-term budgeting. However, it is important to note that this predictability comes with trade-offs. If your business needs change, or you require an upgrade, you may face significant downtime, or lose part of your earlier investment. Unlike public cloud, scaling in private cloud environments is not as seamless, and often involves additional infrastructure planning and capital expenditure.
Reliability:
Reliability is the cornerstone of private cloud computing, ensuring that services and applications are consistently available, and perform optimally. In a private cloud environment, reliability encompasses several critical aspects: High Availability, Disaster Recovery, Fault Tolerance, Scalability and Elasticity.
Hybrid Cloud
The hybrid cloud model represents a strategic blend of public and private cloud environments, offering organizations the flexibility to optimize their IT infrastructure. By integrating on-premises resources with cloud services, businesses can leverage the best of both worlds – scalability and cost-efficiency of the public cloud, combined with the control and security of private infrastructure. This approach allows for seamless data and application mobility, enabling organizations to dynamically allocate resources, based on workload demands and regulatory requirements. The hybrid cloud not only enhances operational agility, but also supports innovation by providing a versatile platform for deploying and managing diverse applications. As enterprises navigate the complexities of digital transformation, the hybrid cloud emerges as a powerful solution to achieve a balanced, resilient, and future-ready IT ecosystem.
Community Cloud
A community cloud is a collaborative cloud infrastructure designed to meet the specific needs of a group of organizations with shared concerns such as security, compliance or performance requirements. This model allows multiple organizations to share resources and infrastructure, benefiting from economies of scale, while maintaining a higher level of control and customization compared to public clouds. Community clouds are particularly advantageous for sectors with stringent regulatory requirements such as healthcare, finance and government where data privacy and compliance are paramount. The community cloud fosters collaboration and innovation among its members, enabling them to leverage collective expertise, and address common challenges more effectively. This model not only enhances operational efficiency, but also supports the development of industry-specific solutions tailored to the unique needs of the community.
If you ask us, which one is better, Public Cloud, Private Cloud or Hybrid Cloud. Seriously, we do not have a one-word answer for you. Because each of these deployment models serve different purposes, and can be adapted to fulfill very specific needs. Look at these simple examples here:
We would prefer a public cloud, if we need immediate infrastructure setup, on-demand access to services, pay-as-you-go pricing model, instead of upfront, and unlimited scaling capabilities. On the other hand, we would prefer a private cloud, if we want full control over the underlying hardware infrastructure.
Cloud Computing Service Models
Now, it is the time for the second gear!
This section of the chapter is exceptionally important and informative. It is crucial to read and understand it with great care.
A cloud computing service model is a framework that offers various mechanisms to access a wide range of resources, including compute, storage, database, analytics, and machine learning services over the Internet. Each service model is distinct, with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. The following are the most popular and widely discussed cloud computing service models adopted in the industry:
Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS)
Platform-as-a-service (PaaS)
Software-as-a-service (SaaS)
Bonus Topic: These are some of the less common cloud computing service models that organizations are gradually adopting. It is a bonus topic. Exploring these will deepen your understanding, and make you feel even more confident navigating the vast universe of cloud computing.
Function as a Service (FaaS)
Container as a Service (CaaS)
Database as a Service (DBaaS)
Storage as a Service (STaaS)
Network as a Service (NaaS)
Security as a Service (SECaaS)
Monitoring as a Service (MaaS)
Anything as a Service (XaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
IaaS is the most popular, and one of the three main categories of cloud computing services, alongside SaaS and PaaS. IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the Internet, allowing businesses to rent servers, storage and networking, on-demand. This model offers flexibility and scalability, enabling organizations to quickly adjust their infrastructure to meet the changing needs. With IaaS, organizations can avoid the costs and complexities of managing physical hardware, focusing instead on their core operations. It empowers businesses to innovate and grow without the constraints of traditional IT infrastructure. In the previous section, we delved into the intricacies of the “Shared Responsibility Model,” exploring its fundamental principles and applications. Now, let us shift our focus, and examine this model through the lens of IaaS:
Responsibilities
Cloud Service Provider
Customer
Physical Infrastructure
Manages physical servers, storage, and networking
Not Responsible
Virtualization
Provides and maintains virtualization layer
Not Responsible
Operating System
Provides optional OS images
Manages and maintains the OS
Middleware
Not Responsible
Installs and manage middleware
Applications
Not Responsible
Develops, deploys, and manages applications
Data
Not Responsible
Manages data, including security and privacy
Security
Secure physical infrastructure
Secure OS, applications, and data
Compliance
Ensures infrastructure compliance with regulations
Ensures application and data compliance with regulations
Networking
Manages core networking infrastructure
Configures and manages virtual networks
Monitoring and Logging
Provides basic monitoring tools
Monitors and logs application performance
Table 1.1: Shared Responsibility Model for IaaS Service Model
This table clearly delineates the division of responsibilities, ensuring both the cloud service provider and the customer understand their roles in managing a secure and efficient IaaS environment.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a cloud-based environment where developers can build, deploy and manage applications, without worrying about the underlying infrastructure. It offers those tools and services that streamline the development process, enabling faster innovation, and reducing operational complexity. This model empowers developers to focus on coding and creativity, while the platform handles the heavy lifting of infrastructure management.
Responsibilities
Cloud Service Provider
Customer
Infrastructure Management
Manages physical servers, storage, and networking
Not Responsible
Platform Maintenance
Updates and maintains the platform software
Not Responsible
Application Development
Provides development tools and environment
Develops and maintains application
Data Management
Ensures data storage and backup solutions
Manages data, including security and privacy
Security
Secures the platform and infrastructure
secures applications and data
Compliance
Ensures platform compliance with regulations
Ensures application compliance with regulations
Scalability
Provides scalable infrastructure
Manages application scalability
Monitoring and Logging
Monitors platform performance
Monitors application performance
Table 1.2: Shared Responsibility Model for PaaS Service Model
This table highlights the division of responsibilities, ensuring that both parties understand their roles in maintaining a secure and efficient PaaS environment.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS) delivers software applications over the Internet, allowing users to access them via a web browser, without the need for the local installation or maintenance. This model offers convenience and scalability, as updates and security patches are managed by the service provider, ensuring that users always have access to the latest features. SaaS solutions are typically subscription-based, providing cost-effective access to powerful software tools that can be used from anywhere with an Internet connection. This approach simplifies IT management, and enables businesses to focus on their core activities, while leveraging advanced software capabilities.
Responsibilities
Cloud Service Provider
Customer
Application Management
Develops, maintains and updates the application
Uses the application and manages user settings
Data Management
Ensures data storage and backup solutions
Manages data input, access and privacy
Security
Secures the application and underlying infrastructure
Manages user access and data security within the application
Compliance
Ensures application compliance with regulations
Ensures data compliance with regulations
Infrastructure Management
Manages servers, storage and networking
Not responsible
Operating System
Manages and updates the OS
Not responsible
Middleware
Manages and update middleware
Not responsible
Networking
Manages core networking infrastructure
Not responsible
Monitoring and Logging
Monitors application performance and infrastructure
Monitors user activity and data usage
Table 1.3: Shared Responsibility Model for SaaS Service Model
This table highlights the division of responsibilities, ensuring that both the cloud service provider and the customer understand their roles in maintaining a secure and efficient SaaS environment.
Function as a Service (FaaS)
FaaS allows developers to execute the code in response to events, without managing server workloads or the infrastructure. This serverless model simplifies deployment and scaling, enabling rapid development, and cost efficiency by charging only for the compute time used.
Container as a Service (CaaS)
CaaS provides a platform for managing and deploying containerized applications. It offers orchestration, scaling, and security features, allowing developers to focus on building applications, while the platform handles the underlying infrastructure.
Database as a Service (DBaaS)
DBaaS delivers database management capabilities over the cloud. It simplifies database setup, maintenance, and scaling, providing automated backups, updates and high availability, allowing businesses to focus on data utilization, rather than infrastructure management.
Storage as a Service (STaaS)
STaaS offers scalable and flexible cloud storage solutions. It enables organizations to store, manage and access data remotely, providing cost-effective storage options, with built-in redundancy and security features to ensure data integrity and availability.
Network as a Service (NaaS)
NaaS provides virtualized network infrastructure over the cloud. It allows businesses to configure and manage network resources dynamically, offering flexibility, scalability and enhanced security, without the need for physical hardware.
Security as a Service (SECaaS)
SECaaS delivers security solutions through the cloud. It includes services like threat detection, identity management, and data protection, enabling organizations to enhance their security posture with scalable, up-to-date defenses managed by experts.
Monitoring as a Service (MaaS)
MaaS provides cloud-based monitoring tools for IT infrastructure and applications. It offers real-time insights, alerts and analytics, helping organizations to ensure optimal performance, detect issues early, and maintain system reliability.
Anything as a Service (XaaS)
XaaS encompasses a broad range of services delivered over the cloud. It includes various “as a service” models, providing comprehensive solutions that enable businesses to access and manage IT resources flexibly and cost-effectively, driving innovation and efficiency.
Serverless Architecture
Serverless architecture is transforming the landscape of application development by eliminating the need for developers to manage the underlying infrastructure. In this model, cloud providers automatically allocate resources as needed, allowing developers to focus solely on wiring code. This approach is particularly advantageous for event-driven applications such as real-time data processing, where functions are triggered by specific events and scale automatically to handle the varying loads. By adapting serverless architecture, organizations can achieve greater agility, reduce operational costs, and accelerate innovation, making it an ideal choice for modern cloud-native applications.
Use case → For example, in a real-time analytics system, serverless functions can process incoming data streams, perform computations, and store results, without any manual intervention. Another compelling use case is in the realm of IoT, where serverless architecture can efficiently handle data from numerous devices, processing and responding to events in real-time.
Cloud Computing Platforms Service Providers
Cloud computing platforms are not just tools, they are ecosystems that empower developers and businesses to build, deploy and secure applications in ways that were unimaginable, just a few years ago.
In the vast and ever evolving universe of technology, cloud computing platforms stand out as the stars that guide businesses towards innovation and efficiency. The list of these platforms is not just long; it is growing at an unprecedented pace, expanding day by day, month by month.
The following is a list of cloud computing platforms:
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Microsoft Azure
Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
Oracle Cloud
Alibaba Cloud
IBM Cloud
VMware Cloud
As we delve into the intricacies of Cloud-Native Application Protection Platform (CNAPP), it becomes essential to understand the key players in the space. Among the myriad of options, three giants have emerged as the most influential and widely adopted: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). Cloud computing platforms are not just tools, they are ecosystems that empower developers and businesses to build, deploy and secure applications in ways that were unimaginable, just a few years ago.
AWS with its pioneering spirit, offers a comprehensive suite of services that cater to every conceivable need. Azure, seamlessly integrating with Microsoft’s extensive product line, provides unparalleled hybrid cloud capabilities. GCP with its innovative approach, excels in data analytics and machine learning. Each platform has carved out its niche, offering unique strengths that cater to different aspects of cloud-native security.
In this section, we will explore these platforms in detail, uncovering the features that make them indispensable.
Amazon AWS
AWS, the trailblazer in cloud computing, boasts a comprehensive suite of services that span across all aspects of IT infrastructure. Its maturity and extensive global network make it a reliable choice for businesses of all sizes. AWS excels in providing scalable compute power, storage solutions, advanced devops, and machine learning capabilities. A standout feature is AWS Lambda which enables serverless computing by allowing developers to run code, without managing servers infra. AWS security offerings such as AWS shield for DDOS protection and AWS WAF for web application security, provides robust defenses against cyber threats.
Microsoft Azure
Azure, Microsoft’s cloud platform is renowned for its seamless integration with other Microsoft products and services. This makes it an ideal choice for enterprises already invested in the Microsoft ecosystem. Azure offers a rich array of services, including Azure DevOps for CI/CD pipelines and Azure Active Directory for identity management. One of Azure’s key strengths is its hybrid cloud capabilities which allows businesses to integrate on-premises infrastructure with cloud resources seamlessly. This hybrid approach is particularly beneficial for CNAPP, as it offers greater control and flexibility over data and applications. Azure security features, such as Azure Security Center, provide comprehensive monitoring and threat protection.
Google GCP
GCP, while newer to the cloud market, has quickly gained a reputation for its innovation and expertise in data analytics and machine learning. Google Cloud’s strengths lie in its powerful data processing tools such as BigQuery for data warehousing and TensorFlow for machine learning. GCP’s most famous Kubernetes Engine simplifies the management of containerized applications which is a critical component of CNAPP. Google’s commitment to open-source technologies and its robust security infrastructure, including the BeyondCorp security model, make GCP a strong contender for modern cloud-native applications. GCP’s emphasis on zero-trust security principles ensures that applications and data are protected against evolving threats.
