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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Provides a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of Urban Geography
The leading undergraduate textbook on the subject, Urban Geography covers the origins, historical development, and contemporary challenges of cities and metropolitan areas around the world. Incorporating the most recent research in urban studies, authors David H. Kaplan and Steven R. Holloway provide an overview of the dynamic field, introduce key elements of urban theory and methodology, analyze issues of immigration, ethnicity, and urbanism, and more.
Exploring the urban experience in a global context, 16 student-friendly chapters address urbanization processes, industrial urbanization, discrimination in the housing market, gentrification, metropolitan governance, urban planning, geographical and political fragmentation, urban immigration, urban-economic restructuring, and more. Each chapter includes an introductory road map, learning objectives, definitions of key terms, discussion questions, and suggestions for research topics and activities.
The fourth edition of Urban Geography contains two entirely new chapters on urban transportation and the relationship between cities and the environment, including climate change and natural disasters. New discussion of the impact of COVID-19 and other health aspects of cities is accompanied by new data, new figures, new themes, and new pedagogical tools. In this edition, the authors present traditional models of urban social space and new factors that organize intra-urban space, such as globalization and postmodernism.
Examining cities in the developed world and in less developed regions, Urban Geography, Fourth Edition, is the ideal textbook for Urban Geography classes and related courses in Urban Studies, Sociology, and Political Science programs.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024
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Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Changing Field of Urban Geography
Why We Study Cities
How We Study Cities
The Field of Urban Geography
Streams of Urban Geographic Research
Defining Cities
Introduction to This Textbook
Wrapping Up
Readings
Chapter 2: The Origins and Development of Cities
What Are Cities?
Patterns of Early Urbanization
Urban Evolution and Early Economic Imperatives: Traditional Cities
Cities as Engines of Economic Growth: Capitalism, Industrialism, and Urbanization
Wrapping Up
Readings
Chapter 3: The Evolution of the American Urban System: Origins Through Industrialization
Urban Systems and Urban Hierarchies
Mercantilism and the Development of the Colonial Urban System
Economic Eras of North American Urbanization
Wrapping Up
Readings
Chapter 4: Economic Eras and the Urban System: Industrialization, Decline, and Globalization
1920s–1970s: Mature Industrial Capitalism
1970s–Present: Post‐Industrial Neoliberal Capitalism
Globalization and the Global Urban System
Telecommunications, Interconnectivity, and World Cities
Wrapping Up
Readings
Chapter 5: Urban Land Use, the Central Business District, Gentrification, and the Growth of Suburbs
Toward a Model of Land Use
Revitalizing Downtowns
Revitalizing Neighborhoods: Gentrification
Suburban Changes
Wrapping Up
Readings
Chapter 6: Foundations of Urban Social Landscapes
Ecological Approach to Cities
Traditional Models of Urban Spatial Structure
More Complex Models
Contemporary Urban Social Space: Globalization and Cities of Difference
Wrapping Up
Readings
Chapter 7: Urban Housing Markets: Sprawl, Blight, and Regeneration
Housing and Housing Markets
Housing Market Geographies and Neighborhood Change
Government Involvement in Housing Markets
Unequal Access to Housing
Suburban Housing and Postwar Sprawl
“Blight” and Inner‐City Housing
Wrapping Up
Readings
Chapter 8: Segregation, Race, and Urban Poverty
Current Patterns of Racial Residential Segregation
Race and the North American Ghetto
Poverty and the City and Beyond
Responding to Urban Poverty
Wrapping Up
Readings
Chapter 9: Immigration, Ethnicity, and Urbanism
Definitions of Immigrants
The Era of Immigration and US Urbanization
Latino Migration and Its Impact on Cities
New Asian Immigration
Wrapping Up
Readings
Chapter 10: Metropolitan Governance and Fragmentation
Urban Governance and the Growth of Services
Who Governs the City?
Contemporary Fragmentation in the Metropolis
Countering the Fragmented Metropolis
Wrapping Up
Readings
Chapter 11: Planning the Better City
Making the Case for Planning
Development of Modern Planning
Comprehensive Plans and Tools of Modern Planning
Wrapping Up
Readings
Chapter 12: Urban Transportation
Urban Transportation and Changes in Urban Form
Transportation Policy Principles and Actors
Transportation Behavior
Social Aspects of Transportation
Wrapping Up
Readings
Chapter 13: The Urban Environment
Conceptual Foundations
Realms of Urban Nature
Urban Hazards and Disasters
Cities and Climate Change
Wrapping Up
Readings
Chapter 14: Cities in the Developed World
European Cities
Cities in Post‐Communist Europe
Cities in Japan
Wrapping Up
Readings
Chapter 15: Cities in the Less Developed and Newly Developed World
The New Urban Majority
Origins of Urbanization in Less Developed Countries
Characteristics of LDC Cities
Wrapping Up
Readings
Chapter 16: Regional Variations in Urban Structure and Form in the Less Developed World
The Latin American City
Sub‐Saharan African Cities
South Asian Cities
Southeast Asian Cities
Wrapping Up
Readings
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.1 Twenty Largest US Metropolitan Areas in Population, 2020, and Per...
Chapter 3
Table 3.1 Metropolitan Populations (in millions)
Table 3.2 Population of Leading US Port Cities, 1760–1790
Table 3.3 Population of Leading US East Coast Port Cities, 1800 and 1840
Table 3.4 Eras of US Urbanization Based on Economic Systems and Transportat...
Chapter 4
Table 4.1 Changes in the Distribution of Employment across Industrial Secto...
Table 4.2 Friedmann’s World City Hierarchy, 1986
a
Table B4.1 Global Connectivities of US Cities Based on Airline Data
Table 4.3 Regional Interconnectivity Based on Internet Bandwidth, 2022
Table 4.4 Top Global Internet Hubs, 2022
Chapter 5
Table 5.1 Urban Functions, 1968
Table 5.2 Land Values and Access Costs
Table 5.3 Land Values Relative to Distance from the PVI
Chapter 7
Table 7.1 Housing Market Sectors Based on Ownership and Conveyance
Table 7.2 Indicators of Adverse Treatment in Rental and Sales Housing Trans...
Table 7.3 Indicators of Geographic Steering for Black, Hispanic, and Asian ...
Table B7.1 Three‐Dimensional Classification of Urban Form
Chapter 8
Table B8.1 Calculation of the Index of Dissimilarity (
D)
for a Hypothetical...
Table 8.1 Residential Segregation in Metropolitan Areas with Largest Black ...
Table 8.2 Residential Segregation in Metropolitan Areas with Largest Latino...
Table 8.3 Residential Segregation in Metropolitan Areas with Largest Asian ...
Table 8.4 Growth of Chicago’s Black Population, 1850–1930
Table 8.5 Percentage of Population Living in High‐Poverty (> 30% Poor) Neig...
Table 8.6 Effect of Suburban Move on the Employment of Public Housing Resid...
Chapter 9
Table 9.1 Segregation Indices for Old and New Immigrant Groups
Table 9.2 Changing Composition of Immigration by Nationality
Table B9.1 Business Ownership of Ethnoracial Minorities in the United States...
Table 9.3 Hispanic–White Segregation Averages
Table 9.4 Asian Groups by Selected Educational Category, 2019
Chapter 10
Table 10.1 Types and Numbers of Governments in the United States
Table 10.2 How Annexation Strategy Affects the Characteristics of Cities...
Chapter 12
Table 12.1 Principal Mode Used in Commuting to Work in the United States...
Table B12.1 Top Ten Cities for Bicycling and Walking
Chapter 13
Table 13.1 Air Quality Index (AQI)
Table 13.2 Metro Areas Most Polluted by Ozone
Table 13.3 Recent Urban Flooding Events
Table 13.4 List of Major Hurricanes Creating Urban Disasters in North Ameri...
Chapter 14
Table 14.1 Percentage Population Living in Cities, c. 1910
Table 14.2 Urban Residential Density (for entire urbanized area)
Table 14.3 Average Gas Prices for Selected Countries: 2023
Table 14.4 Foreign‐Born Population in Europe, Selected Countries, as a Perc...
Chapter 15
Table 15.1 Twenty Largest Urban Areas in the World
Table 15.2 Urban Growth and Migration Share of Urban Growth, 1998 and 2021...
Table 15.3 Urban and Rural Poverty for Selected Developing Countries, 2016–...
Table 15.4 Service Availability: Urban Households Connected to Utilities...
Table 15.5 Variety of Informal Sector Jobs
Table 15.6 Size of the Informal Sector in Some Countries
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 Global urbanization, 1500–2050.
Figure 1.2 Disciplines that study “The City.” Since cities are such widespre...
Figure 1.3 Urban geography is a synthetic discipline that draws from and con...
Figure B1.1 NASA composite of satellite images that depicts the intensity of...
Figure 1.4 Average daily long‐haul truck traffic on the National Highway Sys...
Figure 1.5 Streams of urban geographic research, 1950–2030. Although here pr...
Figure 1.6 An example of data layers of an urban GIS.
Figure 1.7 Rural–urban continuum. Governments and researchers often classify...
Figure 1.8 The city of Atlanta (in black) is surrounded by many legally inco...
Figure B1.2 Metropolitan and micropolitan Core‐Based Statistical Areas (CBSA...
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 The Ziggurat of Ur, one of the world’s most ancient cities.
Figure 2.2 This photo of the ancient city of Arbela highlights high density ...
Figure B2.1 Diagram of Çatal Höyük.
Figure 2.3 This citadel was located at the edge of the Indus Valley city of ...
Figure 2.4 Ancient walls and fortifications in a Sumerian city. Walls were a...
Figure 2.5 Urban diffusion. Cities diffused, slowly at first, from their ori...
Figure B2.2 Landsat image of Ubar. Arrows point out the incense trail leadin...
Figure 2.6 Maps showing location of early Sumerian cities. Map (a) shows ear...
Figure 2.7 Model of a Sumerian city.
Figure 2.8 The ancient Mesoamerican city of Teotihuacán is an example of...
Figure B2.3 Athenian acropolis.
Figure 2.9 Map of Roman trade. Imperial cities, like Rome, benefited from an...
Figure 2.10 Map of Roman cities. Roman cities were primarily military and ad...
Figure 2.11 Map of ancient Rome. At its height, Rome was the biggest city in...
Figure B2.4 Minturnae ruins.
Figure 2.12 Cities in Medieval Europe. This map shows where cities and towns...
Figure 2.13 Hanseatic towns and trade. Unlike the Italian merchants to the s...
Figure 2.14 Map of Bruges (Brugge) as a model of a medieval trading city....
Figure B2.5 Entrance to the Venetian ghetto.
Figure 2.15 Asinelli in Bologna, Italy. Great and rivalrous families dominat...
Figure B2.6 Aerial view of Palmanova.
Figure 2.16 Map of coal deposits in Britain with manufacturing cities overla...
Figure 2.17 Map of Camberwell that illustrates elements of an industrial cit...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 Hypothetical rank‐size relationship.
Figure 3.2 Rank‐size relationship for US cities for selected decades.
Figure 3.3 Modified mercantile cities model, after Vance (1970), showing fiv...
Figure 3.4 The French presence in North America.
Figure 3.5 European settlement and notable cities during the colonial period...
Figure B3.1 Henry Thoreau.
Figure B3.2 The optimal central place hierarchy showing the size and spacing...
Figure 3.6 Urban and rural population in the United States, 1790–2020.
Figure 3.7 US settlement area (not counting indigenous people) and major cit...
Figure 3.8 Historical picture of 1890s dirt road in Chattanooga, Tennessee....
Figure 3.9 Looking toward both old and new locks at Lockport Locks, Lockport...
Figure B3.3 The Erie Canal at Rochester, New York, circa 1900.
Figure 3.10 Map showing Cleveland’s situation.
Figure 3.11 Map of US railroad network, 1870.
Figure 3.12 The Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line, with selected Fall Line cities....
Figure 3.13 US settlement area (not counting indigenous people) and major ci...
Figure 3.14 The North American Manufacturing Belt, ca. 1920.
Figure 3.15 Conceptual diagram of the difference between basic and nonbasic ...
Figure 3.16 Model of railroad town oriented to railroad tracks.
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 An early Model T.
Figure 4.2 Evolution of the US Highway Shield design from 1926 to 1970.
Figure B4.1 Maps showing changes in the interstate highway system for each d...
Figure 4.3 The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, Abandoned.
Figure 4.4 Iconic Firestone sign at former Firestone Tire and Rubber plant, ...
Figure 4.5 Changes in the distribution of employment across industrial secto...
Figure 4.6 Employment in manufacturing and business services 1939–2022, in m...
Figure 4.7 Growth in manufacturing productivity, per hour of labor, 1987–202...
Figure 4.8 High‐tech employment in metro areas, 2020. These are the metro ar...
Figure 4.9 Average high‐tech employment intensity over time. For the five se...
Figure 4.10 The hierarchy of world cities, 1986.
Figure 4.11 Connections between alpha cities as classified by the Globalizat...
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 Bid‐rent curves (a) and resulting land use transitions (b).
Figure 5.2 Map of land use pattern that results from the bid‐rent process....
Figure 5.3 Land value curve.
Figure 5.4 CBD core and surrounding function in the frame.
Figure 5.5 The five‐phase Wheeler‐Park model of idealized metropolitan manuf...
Figure 5.6 Stages of the product life‐cycle model.
Figure 5.7 The relative importance of production costs in each of the three ...
Figure 5.8 Harvey’s diagram of circuits of capital.
Figure 5.9 Nighttime density gradient.
Figure 5.10 Changing densities for the largest US cities.
Figure B5.1 This chart shows that downtown activity in most US cities declin...
Figure 5.11 Baltimore’s Harbor Place.
Figure B5.2 Cleveland’s downtown casino.
Figure 5.12 Rent Gap.
Figure 5.13 Five waves of gentrification.
Figure 5.14 Before (a) and after (b) images of what is today Atlantic Statio...
Figure 5.15 Three types of suburban sprawl: continuous, infill, and leapfrog...
Figure B5.3 This map shows the extent of Megalopolis.
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Ideal place types and the urban continuum. Although urban (e.g., ...
Figure B6.1 Jane Jacobs celebrated the diversity of the street, especially a...
Figure B6.2 These photographs illustrate the importance of design for urban ...
Figure 6.2 S‐shaped curve showing the typical stages of neighborhood invasio...
Figure B6.3 (a) 1918 Pandemic deaths, 1499 Influenza & 789 pneumonia, week e...
Figure 6.3 Chinese signage in Little Italy, Manhattan, illustrates the chang...
Figure 6.4 Korean signage in Manhattan’s Lower East Side illustrates the res...
Figure 6.5 Burgess’s concentric zone model of urban spatial structure, based...
Figure 6.6 Hoyt’s sector model of urban spatial structure based on empirical...
Figure 6.7 Harris and Ullman’s multiple nuclei model of urban spatial struct...
Figure 6.8 Murdie’s idealized model of urban residential structure, based on...
Figure 6.9 Battery Park City is built on land reclaimed from the Hudson Rive...
Figure 6.10 This row of colorful Victorians known as the “Painted Ladies,” l...
Figure 6.11 Tysons Corner, Virginia, demonstrates the increasing importance ...
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 Housing market impacts of invasion and succession.
Figure 7.2 Hoyt’s process of filtering in urban housing markets.
Figure 7.3 Homeownership rates over time in the twentieth and twenty‐first c...
Figure 7.4 Differential treatment of non‐White home seekers in rental and sa...
Figure 7.5 Long‐term trends in discrimination against Blacks and Hispanics i...
Figure 7.6 Discrimination against gay and lesbian couples, 2011.
Figure B7.1 The housing market bubble: real house prices since 1960. Note th...
Figure B7.2 Subprime lending, 1996–2008. Subprime loans increased rapidly be...
Figure B7.3 Private‐label securities as a share of total mortgage originatio...
Figure B7.4 Foreclosure and delinquency rates, 1995–2013.
Figure 7.7 Foreclosed properties purchased by lending institutions (REOs) in...
Figure 7.8 (a) Aerial photo of Levittown, developed on formation potato fiel...
Figure 7.9 Contemporary network of highways.
Figure 7.10 The University of Illinois opened its Chicago Circle campus (lat...
Figure 7.11 The Jane Addams Homes housing project, built in 1938 in Chicago,...
Figure 7.12 Aerial view of the Pruitt‐Igoe Homes, completed in 1955. The arc...
Figure 7.13 (a) The Pruitt‐Igoe complex was heralded at a dedication ceremon...
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 Trend in residential segregation as measured by the index of diss...
Figure B8.1 (a) Smoke billowing over Tulsa, Oklahoma, during the 1921 race m...
Figure 8.2 Couple moving personal belongings in cart, accompanied by a polic...
Figure 8.3 Real estate advertisement placed by developer Edmund G. Walton in...
Figure 8.4 Changing racial geography of post–World War II Chicago.
Figure 8.5 Redlining in Oakland, California. The Home Owners’ Loan Corporati...
Figure 8.6 Public housing, originally designed for the White working poor, w...
Figure 8.7 White resistance to residential integration, sometimes violent, m...
Figure 8.8 Number of people with income lower than the federal poverty level...
Figure 8.9 Poverty population and poverty rate, 1959–2021.
Figure B8.2 Conceptual diagram linking racial residential segregation and co...
Figure 8.10 HOPE VI Public Housing Redevelopment in Atlanta: (a) East Lake M...
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1 Number of immigrants to the United States by year, 1821–2011. Imm...
Figure B9.1 San Francisco Chinatown, 1952.
Figure 9.2 Irish and German‐born immigrant percentages of American cities in...
Figure 9.3 Cartoon by Thomas Nast depicting both African Americans and Irish...
Figure 9.4 Distribution of Irish in Boston, 1850. Although the Irish populat...
Figure 9.5 This map shows the primary location of several ethnic groups as o...
Figure 9.6 Increase in foreign born population, 2010–2020. Compared to previ...
Figure 9.7 Projected racial and ethnic composition of the United States to 2...
Figure B9.2 Percentage foreign born in Canadian metropolitan areas, 2021. Mo...
Figure B9.3 Businesses in Toronto’s Korea Town.
Figure 9.8 Percent of Latino origin population by county, 2020. Latinos are ...
Figure 9.9 Distribution of the Latino population, by nationality, 2020.
Figure 9.10 Broadway Avenue is just east of downtown Los Angeles. It is a ma...
Figure B9.4 Chinese herbal shop in center of Asian immigration area in Los A...
Figure 9.11 Cuban population in Miami, Dade County, Florida 2020. Miami is t...
Figure 9.12 Puerto Rican population by metropolitan area, 2020 data. Most Pu...
Figure 9.13 Percent of Asian population by county, 2020. Asians are regional...
Figure 9.14 Refugee arrivals from Southeast Asia to the United States, 1975–...
Figure 9.15 Median household income (shown as bars) and percent in poverty (...
Figure 9.16 Koreatown is just to the west of downtown Los Angeles on Wilshir...
Chapter 10
Figure B10.1 In the mid‐nineteenth century, United States cities were filled...
Figure B10.2 A view of colonial Savannah, Georgia.
Figure B10.3 Plan of Philadelphia.
Figure 10.1 Local government expenditures, 2020. This pie chart shows how mu...
Figure 10.2 Local government revenues, 2020. Slightly more than a third of a...
Figure 10.3 Types of local governments. The United States contains five basi...
Figure 10.4 West Hollywood, California (in the Los Angeles basin) is one of ...
Figure 10.5 Older industrial cities have been forced to contend with the dec...
Figure 10.6 Some of the worst blight is found outside of major cities, in po...
Figure 10.7 This map shows how Tucson, Arizona, has continued to expand duri...
Figure B10.4 Linguistic distribution on Montreal Island in Quebec. This map ...
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 This aerial view of Washington, DC, demonstrates the broad lines...
Figure 11.2 In 1866, the Boulevard Saint‐Germain was extended, resulting in ...
Figure 11.3 In the late nineteenth century, population pressures led to new ...
Figure 11.4 This zoning map of Frankfurt, Germany, was produced in 1910. The...
Figure 11.5 Olmstead also designed communities, with houses nestled in a par...
Figure B11.1 Map of food deserts in Cuyahoga County, from the Cuyahoga Count...
Figure 11.6 Ebenezer Howard’s plan for Garden City, proposed as a self‐conta...
Figure 11.7 Le Corbusier’s vision of the city was as a series of massive tow...
Figure 11.8 Frank Lloyd Wright created this plan for Broadacre City. He envi...
Figure B11.2 Aerial view of suburban development, Las Vegas.
Figure B11.3 Suburban housing in Montreal, Quebec.
Figure 11.9 Any type of community planning affects a large group of people a...
Figure B11.4 Mount Laurel, New Jersey.
Figure 11.10 Map of a planning district in Cleveland, Ohio, based on Clevela...
Figure 11.11 New York City zoning map of 1916. The map shows streets (in bol...
Figure 11.12 Zoning today requires a great deal of parking for offices and s...
Figure 11.13 Illustration of collector roads and functional segregation with...
Figure 11.14 Seaside, Florida, shows many elements of a New Urbanist communi...
Figure 11.15 Large‐lot zoning. Mandating large lots of more than an acre mak...
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1 Futurama Exhibit, 1939 World’s Fair. This vision of an urban fut...
Figure 12.2 Schema of a walking city. The walking city had a few specialized...
Figure 12.3 The omnibus was one of the earliest forms of mass transportation...
Figure 12.4 Schema of a streetcar city. The streetcar city was a fundamental...
Figure 12.5 Aerial view of a streetcar suburb of Chicago.
Figure 12.6 The graph shows how automobile usage changes the land value curv...
Figure 12.7 Boston’s Big Dig created a lot of immediate financial and time‐r...
Figure 12.8 Map of MPOs and regional planning organizations in Ohio. This ma...
Figure 12.9 Travel purpose by gender.
Figure B12.1 Number of daily trips made before, during, and after the pandem...
Figure 12.10 Modal share by country.
Figure 12.11 Modal share by county in the United States.
Figure 12.12 Government expenditures by transportation mode.
Figure 12.13 This common sight demonstrates how parking policy creates vast ...
Figure 12.14 Graph of the average number of cars per household and number of...
Figure B12.2 Trying to walk along a suburban road is both perilous and time ...
Figure 12.15 Mean travel time.
Figure 12.16 Downtown Cincinnati (1953, above, and 2013, below) shows the ma...
Figure 12.17 The Dan Ryan Expressway runs through the south side of Chicago ...
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1 (a) Traditional Kuznets Curve, (b) Environmental Kuznets Curve (...
Figure 13.2 “Why did the coyote cross the road?” A coyote strolling through ...
Figure 13.3 A Roman aqueduct at dusk, Segovia, Spain, summer 2012.
Figure B13.1 2017 Climate March protester holds up an anti‐Rick Snyder sign ...
Figure 13.4 Los Angeles River, looking north beneath the 7th Street Bridge t...
Figure B13.2 Interactive Map of Air Quality, Archive Date June 28, 2023.
Figure B13.3 Nelson’s Column in December 1952 during the Great Smog.
Figure 13.5 Size comparisons for PM particles.
Figure 13.6 Share of deaths from indoor air pollution, 2019.
Figure 13.7 Municipal solid waste management, 1960–2018. Note that EPA enhan...
Figure 13.8 A Staten Island landfill. Garbage brought by barge from Manhatta...
Figure 13.9 US energy consumption by (a) source and (b) end‐use sector.
Figure 13.10 2021 CO
2
equivalent emissions (tons) generated by producing ele...
Figure 13.11 Total US greenhouse gas emissions by economic sector in 2021....
Chapter 14
Figure 14.1 Cities in Europe on the eve of World War I. At this point in his...
Figure B14.1 The locations of Stockholm’s rail suburbs.
Figure B14.2 Cemetery in Bergamo, Italy, where many of the victims of COVID‐...
Figure 14.2 Most European cities, like Todi, Italy, are organized around a h...
Figure 14.3 The physical terrain determines the shape of cities and in many ...
Figure B14.3 Map of the EUR center, on the outskirts of Rome.
Figure B14.4 Paris’s modernistic quarter, named la Défense, contains the...
Figure 14.4 The removal of Vienna’s wall was followed by the construction of...
Figure 14.5 Apartment living is more common in Europe than in North America....
Figure 14.6 This chart demonstrates the much greater mobility among resident...
Figure 14.7 Schematic of a Western European city. The figure shows how Weste...
Figure 14.8 The outskirts of many European cities, like this picture taken o...
Figure 14.9 Office buildings in suburban Zurich.
Figure 14.10 The Berlin Wall once encircled West Berlin from 1961 until 1989...
Figure 14.11 The Soviet city of Magnitogorsk demonstrates some of the princi...
Figure B14.5 Prague, Czech Republic, has become a popular destination among ...
Figure 14.12 The bulk of Japan’s population lives in a megalopolis, stretchi...
Figure 14.13 Japan’s trains are so popular that they often require the servi...
Chapter 15
Figure 15.1 Change in global income distribution, 1975 and 2015.
Figure 15.2 Map of world, by percent urban, 2022. Great variations exist amo...
Figure 15.3 The percentage urban is loosely related to the GDP per capita, a...
Figure 15.4 Urbanization rates by region. North America, Japan, and Europe a...
Figure 15.5 The different stages of the urbanization curve.
Figure B15.1 A line of Syrian refugees crossing the border of Hungary and Au...
Figure 15.6 Map of the modernization surface in Tanzania. This map was devel...
Figure 15.7 Barbados did not develop evenly, as this map indicates. From 187...
Figure 15.8 Many LDC cities display the impress of colonialism. Older coloni...
Figure 15.9 Some countries in the developing world have industrialized and e...
Figure B15.2 World map showing death rate from indoor air pollution.
Figure 15.10 Common scenes from cities in less developed countries. (a) A Co...
Figure 15.11 Share of Urban Population Living in Slums, 1990–2018.
Figure 15.12 In the 1970s, the Venezuelan government constructed a set of gi...
Figure B15.3 The location of Egypt’s new towns.
Figure 15.13 High‐rise apartment buildings in Wuhan, 2018.
Figure 15.14 Squatter housing in northern Jakarta along some of the canals. ...
Figure 15.15 Ratios of upper 20 percent of incomes to lower 20 percent in se...
Chapter 16
Figure B16.1 Islamic cities contain a central or “Friday” mosque. This scene...
Figure B16.2 The COVID‐19 pandemic originated in China and Chinese cities ex...
Figure 16.1 Model of a colonial city in Latin America. This displays the foc...
Figure 16.2 Mexican communities bordering the United States have grown from ...
Figure 16.3 Rio de Janeiro exhibits the tendency among Latin America’s afflu...
Figure 16.4 Map indicating the percentage of the population that is indigeno...
Figure 16.5 Brazilian cities are characterized by divisions of race. This ma...
Figure 16.6 Model of Latin American city. Although this model has been criti...
Figure 16.7 Historical centers of urbanization in Africa. Prior to European ...
Figure 16.8 Kano, in present‐day Nigeria, was an important Hausa city‐state ...
Figure B16.3 The legacy of racial segregation in South Africa led to vast di...
Figure B16.4 South Africa’s apartheid regime mandated the separation of race...
Figure 16.9 Nairobi, Kenya was the capital of an important British colony. A...
Figure 16.10 Today, central Nairobi displays all aspects of a bustling, mode...
Figure 16.11 Urbanization rates for South Asian countries. Although it conta...
Figure 16.12 Plan of a bazaar city. The South Asian bazaar city is built aro...
Figure 16.13 The South Asian colonial city is built around a fort, construct...
Figure 16.14 Chandigarh, India, is the capital of the Punjab and was designe...
Figure 16.15 Segregation in Calcutta (now Kolkata) demonstrates the continue...
Figure 16.16 Angkor Thom, a site in Cambodia, was an excellent example of a ...
Figure 16.17 In the early 1910s, Southeast Asia was largely controlled by Eu...
Figure 16.18 Today, Southeast Asia contains more than half the world total o...
Figure 16.19 Model of a Southeast Asian city. Southeast Asian cities share m...
Figure 16.20 As LDC cities have mushroomed in size, governments have tried t...
Guide
Cover Page
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Begin Reading
Index
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
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URBAN GEOGRAPHY
FOURTH EDITION
DAVID H. KAPLAN
STEVEN R. HOLLOWAY
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Preface
Thank you for using Urban Geography! This book is the fourth edition of a textbook we began more than 24 years ago. In 1999, Jim Wheeler, a longtime professor of geography at University of Georgia, saw that there were no suitable texts around that could cover all of the aspects of the important subfield of urban geography. He decided to rectify that and found a willing publisher with John Wiley and Sons. Jim then approached two other urban geographers – David H. Kaplan, a professor at Kent State University, and Steven R. Holloway, a professor at the University of Georgia – to help him write and publish this new urban geography textbook.
The first edition of Urban Geography, published in 2003, quickly became the leading textbook in the field. It covered the material that instructors needed to cover, and it was written in an accessible manner, enjoyable for students to read. In 2009, the second edition of Urban Geography was published, building on the strengths of the first edition and updating much of the content. After Jim passed away at the end of 2010, Dave and Steve decided to take over the writing and publication of a third edition, which was published in 2014. This too involved a major reworking of several chapters, with a great deal of new information.
It has been a decade since the third edition came out. The world has changed in many ways. It continues to become more urban, to the point where more than half of the global population resides in cities. Humanity also just endured a global pandemic, centered in many of the world’s great cities, with implications for urban life that are still ongoing. Given these changes and the demand for a fresh take on urban geography today, Dave and Steve decided that it was time to produce another edition.
This new edition represents the most substantial revision that we have undertaken to date. The entire book has been refreshed with new information and many new figures. We have added boxes on the topic of Health and Urban Geography. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 have been completely re‐envisioned and rewritten. And we have included two new chapters: Urban Transportation (Chapter 12) and The Urban Environment (Chapter 13). In this fourth edition, Dave Kaplan was primarily responsible for writing Chapters 2, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, and 16. Steve Holloway focused on Chapters 1, 6, 7, 8, and 13 and was primarily responsible for reworking chapters 3, 4, and 5. We endeavored throughout this joint effort to create a textbook that reflected our vision as a whole, so the entire book is the product of both authors.
Dave Kaplan appreciates the input of several individuals. This fourth edition in particular benefited from the help of three students, Alexandria Hahn, Michael DCamp, and Stephanie Burkey, who provided much assistance with maps. These individuals have added to the work of others who have also been instrumental in creating this urban geography textbook: James M. Smith, Kathleen Woodhouse‐Ledermann, Samantha Hoover, Najat Al‐Thaibani, Rajrani Kalra, Christabel Devadoss, Gina Butrico, and Jennifer Mapes. Dave fondly remembers the guidance and foresight of Jim Wheeler, who started this venture, and continues to benefit from his collaboration with Steve, now going on 30 years.
Steve Holloway deeply appreciates the intellectual, professional, and personal support he received from Jim Wheeler, both during graduate school days as a young student of urban geography, and later as a faculty colleague. Without Jim’s eager and enthusiastic support, he would not be the scholar or colleague he is today. Jim’s presence and contribution is deeply missed. Steve also thanks his graduate students, who have been constant inspirations to deepen the study of cities in new and important ways. Steve specifically thanks Scott Markley and Jess Martinez, who provided excellent assistance revising two urban geography courses. Their insight and hard work are felt throughout Steve’s contributions to the fourth edition, but especially in the new chapter on cities and nature. Finally, Steve is grateful to Dave for the mutual interest in all things urban, especially the conviction that any understanding of cities and urbanization without understanding their historical roots is deeply impoverished.
In addition, we thank the many people at John Wiley & Sons, Inc., who performed their essential, behind‐the‐scenes activities in producing and marketing the fourth edition of this book. This includes the efforts of Radhika Raheja Sharma, Pavithra Sankar, Anitha Jasmine Stanley, and Ed Robinson. The authors would especially like to thank Veronica Jurgena, who did a wonderful job in copyediting and creating the index for this edition.
