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In the past, warehouses were referred to as cost centers and rarely adding value. But the increasing need for transfer of products across cities, countries and continents resulting from movement of production to the Far East, the growth in e-commerce and increasing demands from end users has seen a change about the perception of warehouses. They are vital components within today's supply chain. They form the Integral part of the supply chain in which they operate, and so trends such as increasing Market volatility, product range proliferation and shortening lead times, all have effect on the roles the warehouse is required to perform. Warehouses are most likely involved In various stages of sourcing, production and distribution of goods, from the handling of raw materials, work-in-progress through to finish products It is therefore apparent that different activities take place at a warehouse and thus, require different nature of facilities, staff as well as equipment to suit each function.
With the vast nature of difference, warehouse operations could easily be the most costly element of the supply chain. The pressure is on warehouse managers to increase productivity and accuracy reduces cost and inventory whilst improving on customer service. The successful management of the warehouse is critical in terms of the level of service provided as well as the cost incurred.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017
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Ware House Management
BookRix GmbH & Co. KG81371 MunichWare House Management
1.1 Introduction to Warehouse
In the past, warehouses were referred to as cost centers and rarely adding value. But the increasing need for transfer of products across cities, countries and continents resulting from movement of production to the Far East, the growth in e-commerce and increasing demands from end users has seen a change about the perception of warehouses. They are vital components within today's supply chain. They form the Integral part of the supply chain in which they operate, and so trends such as increasing Market volatility, product range proliferation and shortening lead times, all have effect on the roles the warehouse is required to perform. Warehouses are most likely involved In various stages of sourcing, production and distribution of goods, from the handling of raw materials, work-in-progress through to finish products It is therefore apparent that different activities take place at a warehouse and thus, require different nature of facilities, staff as well as equipment to suit each function.
With the vast nature of difference, warehouse operations could easily be the most costly element of the supply chain. The pressure is on warehouse managers to increase productivity and accuracy reduces cost and inventory whilst improving on customer service. The successful management of the warehouse is critical in terms of the level of service provided as well as the cost incurred.
1.2 Classification of Warehouses
The nature of warehouses within the supply chain varies, and can be adopted in various forms of classification, among other things including the following:
By the product type: examples include perishable products, frozen foods, explosive items, small spare parts and security items.
By the stage in the supply chain: a warehouse could be meant to carry either materials, work-in-progress or finished goods depending on where it is situated in the supply chain.
By geographic location: a warehouse is situated to serve only certain geographical area like a region, a whole state or even the whole world.
By function: that is whether to just hold inventory or for sorting.
By company usage: it could be meant for use by just one company, or shared amongst various users in handling the supply chain.
1.3Warehouse Operations:-
Functions
Warehouses are designed to meet specific requirements in the supply chain in which they form a part of. Meanwhile, there are some operations which are common amongst them. categorizes such operations into the following functions;
1) Goods in or receiving. This involves the physical activity of unloading incoming transports, checking deliveries against purchase orders and recording. Depending upon the agreement of both parties, future checks may include quality control. Some or all of the delivered goods are either rejected or accepted at this stage.
Rejected goods are sent back to the supplier. Discusses pre-receipt, suggesting that the warehouse manager should be involved in specifying and agreeing on the packaging, items per carton as well as any specific labeling required, in addition to the means of transport, so as to ensure that the delivered products are compatible with the storage facility.
2) Put away into the storage area. Depending on the state of goods in the above stage, accepted goods are taken into storage. The storage area of the warehouse is often the largest space, with the spaces divided for the different kinds of goods that come in.
3) Order selection and picking or packing. Goods are stored in the warehouse to be used later when needed. The needs for goods are made when orders are placed for them. When orders are placed, the goods are selected and picked according to their identifiable locations. The goods are then made ready for transportation to the point of need.
4) Goods outward or dispatch. The goods are put together at the dispatch area and loaded onto the outbound vehicles, or picked up for use according to their size and place of need.
1.4 Processes
The warehouse processes are;
Receiving-This is the process of unloading incoming truck, identifying, registering and sometimes repacking.
Put away- this is when goods are moved from unloading dock to the storage area.
Storage - in bulk or picks Activities at the warehouse affect goods in storage. For instance, the amount of stocks has to be counted to verify inventory quantities.
Replenish- If inventory levels of the pick storage drop to certain amounts, it is replenished with stocks from the bulk storage.
Pick- upon order for need of an item in storage, either full pallet is picked from the bulk area of storage or smaller quantities are picked from the pick area of storage.
Ship- The picked items are packed, consolidated and staged for shipping.
Cross-dock- some goods does not make their way into storage. Such goods, upon receipt are transferred to the shipping dock for shipment to point of need.
Value Added Logistics-There also recognition for the value added by some logistics activities at distribution centers. Such value can be the labeling of goods to the specific customer or country of destination.
FIGURE - Warehouse processes
1.5Receipt and Inspection of materials in warehouse
The receipt of stores will mean receipt of all materials against Purchase Orders or stores received against local purchases, gifts, aids etc. All these receipts shall be dealt with in the manner stipulated here in after.
