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- Herausgeber: BookRix
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
In this book, we have discussed the meaning of production that is step-by-step conversion of one form of material into another form through chemical and mechanical process to create or enhance the utility of the product to the user. Some examples of production are: manufacturing standardized products like cars, bus, motorcycle, radio, TV etc. This book discusses the various types of production systems in detail especially the continuous systems which are mainly usedf when we need to manufacture the standardized products in large volume.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017
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Planning for High Volume Standardized Products
BookRix GmbH & Co. KG81371 Munich1.1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
By the time, we all have understood the meaning of production. Production may be understood as the step-by-step conversion of one form of material into another form through chemical and mechanical process to create or enhance the utility of the product to the user. Some examples of production are: manufacturing standardized products like cars, bus, motorcycle, radio, TV etc.
Production system is actually a combination of various methods, procedures, arrangements and different functions that are required to accumulate (gather) the inputs, process or reprocess the inputs and deliver the marketable output (goods). Production system utilizes materials, funds, infrastructure and labour to produce the required output inform of goods.
There are different types of production processes. The selection of production process mainly depends upon the variety of the products to be produced, volume of production and degree of flexibility required.
In the figure as above, one can see different types of production processes. These processes may be mentioned as hereunder:
Job shop For small scale productionBatch For moderate volumeRepetitive/assembly line For high volumes of standardized goods or servicesContinuous For very high volumes of non-discrete goods
In this chapter, the main focus is on the production of high volumes of standardized goods. For such types of goods, mainly mass/ continuous production system is used.
This chapter also deals with production planning and control aspects for the mass/continuous production system in detail. The most important aspect of continuous (which is also known as assembly line production) production is the balancing of assembly line. This will be discussed in much detail with suitable examples.
1.2 An Overview of Different Types of Production Systems
1.2 An Overview of Different Types of Production Systems:
Once the process decision is taken, next is type of production system. Depending upon the process, production systems may be categorized as shown in the diagramme below.
Types of Manufacturing/Production Systems:
In order to develop a better understanding, each type of production system has been discussed along with its characteristics, merits and limitations.
Job Shop Production:
Job shop production are characterized by manufacturing of one or few quantity of products designed and produced as per the specification of customers within prefixed time and cost.The distinguishing feature of this is low volume and high variety of products.A job shop comprises of general purpose machines arranged into different departments.Each job demands unique technological requirements, demands processing on machines in a certain sequence.
Characteristics
The Job-shop production system is followed when there is:
High variety of products and low volume.Use of general purpose machines and facilities.Highly skilled operators who can take up each job as a challenge because of uniqueness.Large inventory of materials, tools, parts.Detailed planning is essential for sequencing the requirements of each product, capacities for each work centre and order priorities.
Advantages
Following are the advantages of job shop production:
Because of general purpose machines and facilities variety of products can be produced.Operators will become more skilled and competent, as each job gives them learning opportunities.Full potential of operators can be utilised.Opportunity exists for creative methods and innovative ideas.
Limitations
Following are the limitations of job shop production:
Higher cost due to frequent set up changes.Higher level of inventory at all levels and hence higher inventory cost.Production planning is complicated.Larger space requirements.
Batch Production:
