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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
The most comprehensive guide to Windows 10, updated with the latest enhancements If you're new to Windows 10 and want an authoritative and accessible guide to the basics of the widely used operating system, Windows 10 All-in-One For Dummies is the book for you. Written by trusted Windows expert Woody Leonhard, this freshly updated guide cuts through the jargon and covers everything you need to know, including navigating the start menu, personalizing your Windows experience, maximizing Windows apps, and managing security. Windows 10 All-in-One For Dummies includes all the guidance you need to make the most of this latest update of Windows. It shows you how to set up multiple user accounts, create a Homegroup for easy sharing between devices, backup your files, and troubleshoot common problems. * Covers all the new features and latest enhancements to Windows 10 * Makes upgrading to the latest version easier than ever * Lets you work with apps like a pro * Includes tons of tips on protecting your computer, data, privacy, and identity Whether you use Windows 10 for business, fun and games, or staying in touch with family and friends, Windows 10 All-in-One For Dummies makes it easy.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016
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Windows 10 All-in-One For Dummies®, 2nd Edition
Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
Trademarks: Wiley, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and may not be used without written permission. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2016950189
ISBN 978-1-119-31056-3 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-119-31060-0 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-119-31059-4 (ebk)
Windows 10 All-in-One For Dummies®
To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “Windows 10 All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box.
Table of Contents
Cover
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Book 1: Starting Windows 10
Chapter 1: Windows 10 4 N00bs
Hardware and Software
Why Do PCs Have to Run Windows?
A Terminology Survival Kit
What, Exactly, Is the Web?
Buying a Windows 10 Computer
What’s Wrong with Windows 10?
Chapter 2: Windows 10 for the Experienced
If You Just Upgraded from Win7 or 8.1 to Win10
A Brief History of Windows 10
The Different Kinds of Windows Programs, Er, Apps
What’s New for the XP Crowd
What’s New for Windows 7 and Vista Victims
What’s New for Windows 8 and 8.1 Users
What’s New for All of Windows
Do You Need Windows 10?
Chapter 3: Which Version?
Counting the Editions
Choosing 32-bit versus 64-bit
Which Version of Windows Are You Running?
Chapter 4: Upgrades and Clean Installs
Do You Qualify for an Online Upgrade?
Deciding Whether to Upgrade Your Old PC
Choosing Your Upgrade Path
Upgrading Windows 7 SP1 or Windows 8.1 Update to Windows 10 Online
Installing Win10 from a DVD or USB Drive
Cleaning the Gunk Off New PCs
What If the Wheels Fall Off?
Book 2: Personalizing Windows
Chapter 1: Getting Around in Windows
Windows’ New Beginnings
Navigating around the Desktop
Keying Keyboard Shortcuts
Chapter 2: Changing the Lock and Login Screens
Working with the Lock Screen
Logging On Uniquely
Chapter 3: Working with the Action/Notification Center
What Is the Action Center?
What, Exactly, Is a Notification?
Working with Notifications
Working with Settings Shortcuts
Chapter 4: Controlling Users
Why You Need Separate User Accounts
Choosing Account Types
What’s Good and Bad about Microsoft Accounts
Adding Users
Changing Accounts
Switching Users
The Changing Environment
Chapter 5: Microsoft Account: To Sync or Not to Sync?
What, Exactly, Is a Microsoft Account?
Deciding Whether You Want a Microsoft Account
Setting Up a Microsoft Account
Stop Using Your Microsoft Account
Taking Care of Your Microsoft Account
Controlling Sync
Chapter 6: Privacy Control
Why You Should Be Concerned
Privacy Manifesto
Knowing What Connections Windows Prefers
Controlling Location Tracking
Minimizing Privacy Intrusion
Book 3: Working on the Desktop
Chapter 1: Running Your Desktop from Start to Finish
Tripping through Win10’s Three Personas
Working with the Traditional Desktop
Mousing with Your Mouse
Starting with the Start Icon
Touching on the Taskbar
Working with Files and Folders
Creating Shortcuts
Keying Keyboard Shortcuts
Sleep: Perchance to Dream
Chapter 2: Personalizing the Start Menu
Touring the Start Menu
Modifying the Start Menu
Resizing the Start Menu
Changing Tiles on the Start Menu
Organizing Your Start Menu Tiles
Chapter 3: Personalizing the Desktop and Taskbar
Decking out the Desktop
Resolving Desktop Resolution
Putting Icons and Shortcuts on the Desktop
Tricking out the Taskbar
Chapter 4: Working with Multiple Desktops
Getting around Multiple Desktops
Interacting between Desktops
Other Multiple Desktop Settings
Chapter 5: Internet Explorer, Chrome, and Firefox
Which Browser Is Best?
Using Internet Explorer on the Desktop
Customizing Firefox
Optimizing Google Chrome
Searching on the Web
Referring to Internet Reference Tools
Chapter 6: Hey, Cortana!
The Cortana Backstory
Make Cortana Respond to “Hey, Cortana”
Setting up Cortana
Using Cortana Settings
Chapter 7: Maintaining Your System
Rolling Back with the Three Rs
Using a Password Reset Disk
Maintaining Drives
Maintaining Solid-State Drives
Zipping and Compressing
Book 4: Using the Universal Apps
Chapter 1: Using the Mail and Calendar Apps
Choosing a Mail/Calendar App
Drilling Down on Universal Windows 10 Mail
Universal Mail Settings
Avoiding Universal Calendar App Collisions
Beyond Email
Chapter 2: Keeping Track of People
The Contact List in Windows 10
Putting Contacts in the Universal People App
Alternatives to the Win10 Universal People App
Chapter 3: Zooming the Photos App and Beyond
Discovering What the Windows Photos App Can Do
Touring Photos
Editing Photos
Setting Settings
Adding Photos
Importing Pictures from a Camera or an External Drive
Working with Albums
Storing and Managing Photos Online
Chapter 4: Noting OneNote
Getting Started in OneNote with or without a Pen
Setting Up Notebooks, Sections, Pages
Embellishing on a OneNote Page
Sending to OneNote
Setting Settings
Chapter 5: Maps, Music, Movies — and TV
Making Maps
Get Yer Groove Music On
Getting Your Music and Movies into the Apps
Running around the Groove Music App
Running around the Movies & TV App
Book 5: Connecting with the Universal Apps
Chapter 1: Introducing Edge
A Walk through Microsoft Edge
Working with Web Note
A Sampler of Edge Settings
Adding Edge Extensions
Chapter 2: Using Skype in Windows 10
Exploring Skype Alternatives
Signing Up with Skype
Making First Contact
Adding a Contact
Settings
A Few Tips from Skype-ologists
Chapter 3: News, Money, and Sports
Recognizing the Bing in Everyone
Reading the News with Bing
Pinning Money for Fun and Profit
Sports Fans Everywhere, Take Note
More Universal Apps
Chapter 4: Navigating the Windows Store
Checking out What a Universal Windows App Can Do
Browsing the Windows Store
Searching the Windows Store
Updating Your Windows Store Apps
Chapter 5: Games, Games, and Games
Searching the Store for Games
Bringing Back the Classics
Starting with Sudoku
Cutting the Rope with Style
Pirates Love Daisies
Despicable Me, Sonic, and More
Book 6: Socializing with the Universal Apps
Chapter 1: Using OneDrive
What Is OneDrive?
Setting Up a OneDrive Account
Running OneDrive on the Web
What Happened to Placeholders?
The Future of OneDrive — I Hope
Chapter 2: Getting Started with Facebook
Signing Up for a Facebook Account
Building a Great Timeline
Using the Universal Facebook App
Chapter 3: Getting Started with Twitter
Understanding Twitter
Setting Up a Twitter Account
Tweeting for Beginners
Hooking Twitter into Windows
Chapter 4: Getting Started with LinkedIn
Signing Up for LinkedIn
Using LinkedIn for Fun and Profit
Book 7: Controlling Your System
Chapter 1: Settings, Settings, and More Settings
Introducing the Universal Settings App
Spelunking through the Control Panel
Putting Shortcuts to Settings on Your Desktop
God Mode
Chapter 2: Troubleshooting and Getting Help
Starting with Contact Support
Troubleshooting the Easy Way
Troubleshooting the Hard Way
System Stability and Reliability Monitor
Tricks to Using Windows Help
How to Really Get Help
Snapping and Recording Your Problems
Connecting to Remote Assistance
Getting Help Online
Chapter 3: Working with Libraries
Understanding Libraries
Making Your Libraries Visible
Working with Your Default Libraries
Customizing Libraries
Creating Your Own Library
Chapter 4: Storing in Storage Spaces
Understanding the Virtualization of Storage
Setting Up Storage Spaces
Working with Storage Spaces
Storage Space Strategies
Chapter 5: Getting the Most from Homegroups
Preparing a PC for a Homegroup
Connecting to a Homegroup
Sharing Files and Printers in a Homegroup
Navigating to a Homegroup Folder
Caring for Your Homegroup
Venturing beyond Homegroups
Chapter 6: Running the Built-In Applications
Setting Alarms & Clock
Getting Free Word Processing
Taming the Character Map
Calculating — Free
Painting
Chapter 7: Working with Printers
Installing a Printer
Using the Print Queue
Troubleshooting Printing
Catching a Runaway Printer
Book 8: Maintaining Windows 10
Chapter 1: File History, Backup, Data Restore, and Sync
What Happened to the Windows 7 Backup?
The Future of Reliable Storage Is in the Cloud
Backing Up and Restoring Files with File History
Storing to and through the Cloud
Chapter 2: A Fresh Start: Restore and Reset
The Three R’s — and an SF and a GB
Resetting Your PC
Resetting Your PC to Factory Settings
Starting Fresh
Restoring to an Earlier Point
Entering the Windows Recovery Environment
Chapter 3: Monitoring Windows
Viewing Events
Gauging System Reliability
Chapter 4: Using System Tools
Tasking Task Manager
Installing a Second Hard Drive
Running a Virtual Machine
Book 9 Securing Windows 10Securing Windows 10
Chapter 1: Spies, Spams, and Scams Are Out to Get You
Understanding the Hazards — and the Hoaxes
Staying Informed
Is My Computer Infected?
Getting Protected
Dealing with Data Breaches
Chapter 2: Fighting Viri and Scum
Basic Windows Security Do’s and Don’ts
Making Sense of Malware
Deciphering Browsers’ Inscrutable Warnings
Chapter 3: Running Built-In Security Programs
Working with Windows Defender
Judging SmartScreen
Booting Securely with UEFI
Controlling User Account Control
Poking at Windows Firewall
Chapter 4: Top Security Helpers
Deciding about BitLocker
Managing Your Passwords
Keeping Your Other Programs Up to Date
Blocking Java and Flash in Your Browser
Fighting Back at Tough Scumware
Securing Your Communication with VyprVPN
Book 10: Enhancing Windows 10
Chapter 1: Using Your iPad and iPhone with Windows
Running iTunes on Windows, or Maybe Not
The Inside Story on Office for iPad
Great iPad Apps to Use with Windows
Playing with Kids on Your iPad or iPhones
Chapter 2: Android, Chromecast, Roku, Kindle, and Windows 10
What, Exactly, Is Android?
Connecting TVs with Roku, Plex, and Chromecast
Using Office for Android
Wrangling E-Book Files
Getting Media from Your PC to Your Kindle
Chapter 3: Getting Started with Gmail, Google Apps, and Drive
Finding Alternatives to Windows with Google
Setting Up Gmail
Moving an Existing Account to Gmail
Using Google Apps
Moving Your Domain to Google
Chapter 4: Using Web-Based Outlook.com (nee Hotmail)
Getting Started with Outlook.com
Bringing Some Sanity to Outlook.com Organization
Handling Outlook.com Failures
Importing Outlook.com Messages into Gmail
Weighing the Alternatives
Chapter 5: Best Free Windows Add-Ons
Windows Universal Apps You Absolutely Must Have
The Best of the Rest — All Free
Don’t Pay for Software You Don’t Need!
About the Author
Advertisement Page
Connect with Dummies
End User License Agreement
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
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Introduction
Think of Windows 8/8.1 as an extended, really bad, no good, horrible nightmare. Microsoft’s woken up now. They fired almost everybody who ran the Win8 operation, cleaned out the house, and brought in some truly gifted engineers. Windows 10’s a brand new day. Whether it’s your brand new day is another story.
Windows 10 looks a little bit like Windows 7 and a little bit like Windows 8.1. It doesn’t work like either of them, but for the billion-and-a-half Windows users out there, at least it’s recognizable as Windows.
If you haven’t yet taken the plunge with Windows 10, I advise you to go slowly. Microsoft is furiously working on extending the product and shoring up problems. The Windows 10 you know today will change in a few months, and you may like the new one better. Before installing Windows 10, I would simply … count to ten.
For most Windows 8 and 8.1 users, Win10 is a no-brainer. You can kvetch about some problems — the disappearance of Windows Media Center, for example — and Microsoft cloud storage OneDrive users are going to have a hard time adapting to the now-you-see-it-now-you-don’t interface (see Book 6, Chapter 1) until Microsoft figures out how to fix it. There are dozens of additional details, but by and large, Windows 10 is what Windows 8.1 should’ve been.
Windows 7 users, though, don’t have as much incentive to move to Windows 10, but there are some good changes. Microsoft effectively ditched Internet Explorer and built a much lighter and more capable browser, called Microsoft Edge. Instead of desktop gadgets, which in Win7 were held together with baling wire and chewing gum, Win10 sports an entire infrastructure for tiled Universal apps. Win10 works with all the new hardware, touch, and pens. There’s an improved Task Manager, File Explorer, and a dozen other system utilities.
Is that enough to convince Win7 users to abandon ship in droves? Probably not. The single biggest allure of Windows 10 for the Win7 battle-hardened is that it’s clearly the way of the future.
If you want a better Windows, for whatever reason, you’ll have to go through Windows 10.
Here’s what you should ask yourself before you move from Windows 7 to Windows 10:
Are you willing to learn a new operating system, with a number of new features that may or may not appeal to you?
Are you willing to let Microsoft snoop on your actions, more than they do with Windows 7? We don’t know exactly what’s being snooped, but it appears to be roughly on par with Google snooping and arguably less intrusive than Apple snooping.
Are you willing to let Microsoft take control of your machine? MS has already shown that it can take Win7 and 8.1 machines to town, with the Get Windows 10 campaign. But in Win10, it’s considerably more difficult to keep patches at bay.
This isn’t the manual Microsoft forgot. This is the manual Microsoft wouldn’t dare print. I won’t feed you the Microsoft party line or make excuses for pieces of Windows 10 that just don’t work: Some of it’s junk, some of it’s evolving, and some of it’s devolving. My job is to take you through the most important parts of Windows, give you tips that may or may not involve Microsoft products, point out the rough spots, and guide you around the disasters. Frankly, there are some biggies.
I also look at using non-Microsoft products in a Windows way: iPads, Androids, Kindles, Gmail and Google apps, Facebook, Twitter, Dropbox, Firefox, Google Chrome, iCloud, and many more. Even though Microsoft competes with just about every one of those products, each has a place in your computing arsenal and ties into Windows in important ways.
I’ll save you more than enough money to pay for the book several times over, keep you from pulling out a whole shock of hair, lead you to dozens if not hundreds of “Aha!” moments, and keep you awake in the process. Guaranteed.
About This Book
Windows 10 All-in-One For Dummies takes you through the Land of the Dummies — with introductory material and stuff your grandmother can (and should!) understand — and then continues the journey into more advanced areas, where you can truly put Windows to work every day.
I start with the new Start menu, and for many of you, that’s all you’ll ever need. The Start menu coverage here is the best you’ll find anywhere because I don’t assume that you know Windows and I step you through everything you need to know both with a touchscreen and a mouse.
Then I dig in to the desktop and take you through all the important pieces.
I don’t dwell on technical mumbo jumbo, and I keep the baffling jargon to a minimum. At the same time, though, I tackle the tough problems you’re likely to encounter, show you the major road signs, and give you lots of help where you need it the most.
Whether you want to get two or more email accounts set up to work simultaneously, turn your tiles a lighter shade of pale, or share photos of your Boykin Spaniel in OneDrive, this is your book. Er, I should say ten books. I’ve broken out the topics into ten minibooks, so you’ll find it easy to hop around to a topic — and a level of coverage — that feels comfortable.
I didn’t design this book to be read from front to back. It’s a reference. Each chapter and each of its sections are meant to focus on solving a particular problem or describing a specific technique.
Windows 10 All-in-One For Dummies should be your reference of first resort, even before you consult Windows Help and Support. There’s a big reason why: Windows Help was written by hundreds of people over the course of many, many years. Some of the material was written ages ago, and it’s confusing as all get-out, but it’s still in Windows Help for folks who are tackling tough legacy problems. Some of the Help file terminology is inconsistent and downright misleading, largely because the technology has changed so much since some of the articles were written. Finding help in Help frequently boggles my mind: If I don’t already know the answer to a question, it’s hard to figure out how to coax Help to help. Besides, if you’re looking for help on connecting your iPad to your PC or downloading pictures from your Galaxy phone, Microsoft would rather sell you something different. The proverbial bottom line: I don’t duplicate the material in Windows 10 Help and Support, but I point to it if I figure it can help you.
A word about Windows 10 versions: Microsoft is trying to sell the world on the idea that Windows 10 runs on everything — desktops, laptops, tablets, phones, assisted reality headsets, huge banks of servers, giant conference room displays, refrigerators, and toasters. While that’s literally true — Microsoft can call anything Windows 10 if it wants — for those of us who work on desktops and laptops, Windows 10 is Windows 10. If you’re getting Windows 10 on a tablet, you need to check to see if it’s the version that runs on phones. Windows 10 Mobile has some small resemblance to what’s presented here, but this book won’t take you through the tough times.
Foolish Assumptions
I don’t make many assumptions about you, dear reader, except to acknowledge that you’re obviously intelligent, well-informed, discerning, and of impeccable taste. That’s why you chose this book, eh?
Okay, okay. The least I can do is butter you up a bit. Here’s the straight scoop: If you’ve never used Windows, bribe your neighbor (or, better, your neighbor’s kids) to teach you how to do four things:
Play a game with your fingers (if you have a touchscreen) or with a mouse (if you’re finger-challenged). Any of the games that ship with Windows 10, or free games in the Windows Store, will do. If your neighbor’s kids don’t have a different recommendation, try the new Microsoft Solitaire Collection.
Start File Explorer.
Get on the web.
Turn Windows off. (Click or tap the Start icon in the lower left of the screen, click the universal on/off button thingy, and then click Shut down.)
That covers it. If you can play a game, you know how to turn on your computer, log in if need be, touch and drag, and tap and hold down. If you run File Explorer, you know how to click a taskbar icon. After you’re on the web, well, it’s a great starting point for almost anything. And if you know that you need to use the Start menu, you’re well on your way to achieving Windows 10 Enlightenment.
And that begins with Book 1, Chapter 1.
Icons Used in This Book
Some of the points in Windows 10 All-in-One For Dummies merit your special attention. I set off those points with icons.
When I’m jumping up and down on one foot with an idea so absolutely cool that I can’t stand it anymore, I stick a tip icon in the margin. You can browse any chapter and hit its highest points by jumping from tip to tip.
When you see this icon, you get the real story about Windows 10 — not the stuff that the Microsoft marketing droids want you to hear — and my take on the best way to get Windows 10 to work for you. You find the same take on Microsoft, Windows, and more at my eponymous website, www.AskWoody.com.
You don’t need to memorize the information marked with this icon, but you should try to remember that something special is lurking.
Achtung! Cuidado! Thar be tygers here! Anywhere that you see a warning icon, you can be sure that I’ve been burnt — badly. Mind your fingers. These are really, really mean suckers.
Okay, so I’m a geek. I admit it. Sure, I love to poke fun at geeks. But I’m a modern, New Age, sensitive guy, in touch with my inner geekiness. Sometimes, I just can’t help but let it out, ya know? That’s where the technical stuff icon comes in. If you get all tied up in knots about techie-type stuff, pass these paragraphs by. (For the record, I managed to write this entire book without telling you that an IPv4 address consists of a unique 32-bit combination of network ID and host ID, expressed as a set of four decimal numbers with each octet separated by periods. See? I can restrain myself sometimes.)
Beyond the Book
At the time I wrote this book, I covered Windows 10 Anniversary Update, version 1607. Microsoft promises to keep Windows 10 continuously updated, but it isn’t clear exactly when or how much. For details about significant updates or changes that occur between editions of this book, go to www.dummies.com, search for Windows 10 All-in-One For Dummies, and open the Download tab on this book’s dedicated page.
In addition, the cheat sheet for this book has handy Windows shortcuts and tips on other cool features worth checking out. To get to the cheat sheet, go to www.dummies.com, and then type Windows 10 All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet in the search box.
Where to Go from Here
That’s about it. It’s time for you to crack this book open and have at it.
If you haven’t yet told Windows 10 to show you filename extensions, flip to Book 3, Chapter 1. If you haven’t yet set up the File History feature, go to Book 8, Chapter 1. If you’re worried about Microsoft keeping a list of all the searches that you conduct on your own computer, check out Book 2, Chapter 5.
Don’t forget to bookmark my website: www.AskWoody.com. It keeps you up to date on all the Windows 10 news you need to know — including notes about this book, the latest Windows bugs and gaffes, patches that are worse than the problems they’re supposed to fix, and much more — and you can submit your most pressing questions for free consultation from The Woodmeister himself.
See ya! Shoot me mail at [email protected].
Sometimes, it’s worth reading the Intro, eh?
Book 1
Starting Windows 10
Contents at a Glance
Chapter 1: Windows 10 4 N00bs
Hardware and Software
Why Do PCs Have to Run Windows?
A Terminology Survival Kit
What, Exactly, Is the Web?
Buying a Windows 10 Computer
What’s Wrong with Windows 10?
Chapter 2: Windows 10 for the Experienced
If You Just Upgraded from Win7 or 8.1 to Win10
A Brief History of Windows 10
The Different Kinds of Windows Programs, Er, Apps
What’s New for the XP Crowd
What’s New for Windows 7 and Vista Victims
What’s New for Windows 8 and 8.1 Users
What’s New for All of Windows
Do You Need Windows 10?
Chapter 3: Which Version?
Counting the Editions
Choosing 32-bit versus 64-bit
Which Version of Windows Are You Running?
Chapter 4: Upgrades and Clean Installs
Do You Qualify for an Online Upgrade?
Deciding Whether to Upgrade Your Old PC
Choosing Your Upgrade Path
Upgrading Windows 7 SP1 or Windows 8.1 Update to Windows 10 Online
Installing Win10 from a DVD or USB Drive
Cleaning the Gunk Off New PCs
What If the Wheels Fall Off?
Chapter 1
Windows 10 4 N00bs
IN THIS CHAPTER
Reading the newbie’s quick guide
Understanding that hardware is hard — and software is hard, too
Seeing Windows place in the grand scheme of things
Defining computer words that all the grade schoolers understand
Finding out what, exactly, is the web
Buying a Windows 10 computer
Don’t sweat it. We all started out as n00bs (newbies).
If you’ve never used an earlier version of Windows, you’re in luck — you don’t have to force your fingers to forget so much of what you’ve learned. Windows 10 is completely different from any Windows that has come before. It’s a melding of Windows 7 and Windows 8 and 8.1, tossed into a blender, speed turned up full, poured out on your screen.
If you heard that Windows 8 was a dog, you heard only the printable part of the story. By clumsily forcing a touchscreen approach down the throats of mouse-lovers everywhere, Windows 8 alienated the touch-first people, drove the mousers nuts, and left everybody — aside from a few diehards — screaming in pain.
Windows 10 brings a kinder, gentler approach for the 1.7 billion or so people who have seen the Windows desktop and know a bit about struggling with it. Yes, Win10 will expose you to those tappy phone-style tiles, but they aren’t nearly as intrusive, or as scary, as you think.
Some of you are reading this book because you specifically chose to run Windows 10. Some of you are here because Windows 10 came preinstalled on a new computer. Some of you are here because your work forced you to upgrade to Win10. Some of you are here because you fell victim to Microsoft’s much-maligned “Get Windows 10” campaign or you figured you better get on Win10 while the gettin’s good. Whatever the reason, you've ended up on a pretty good operating system and — as long as you understand and respect its limitations — it should serve you well.
So you’re sitting in front of your computer, and this thing called Windows 10 is staring at you. Except the screen (see Figure 1-1), which Microsoft calls the lock screen, doesn’t say Windows, much less Windows 10. In fact, the screen doesn’t say much of anything except the current date and time, with maybe a tiny icon or two that shows you whether your Internet connection is working, how many unopened emails await, or whether you should just take the day off because your holdings in AAPL stock soared again.
FIGURE 1-1: The Windows 10 lock screen. Your picture may differ, but the function stays the same.
You may be tempted to just sit and admire the gorgeous picture, whatever it may be, but if you use your finger or mouse to swipe up from the bottom, or press any key on an attached keyboard, you see the login screen, possibly resembling the one in Figure 1-2. If more than one person is set up to use your computer, you'll see more than one name.
FIGURE 1-2: The Windows 10 login screen.
That’s the login screen, but it doesn’t say Login or Welcome to Win10 Land or Howdy or even Sit down and get to work, Bucko. It has names and pictures for only the people who can use the computer. Why do you have to click your name? What if your name isn’t there? And why in the %$#@! can’t you bypass all this garbage, log in, and get your email?
Good for you. That’s the right attitude.
Windows 10 ranks as the most sophisticated computer program ever made. It cost more money to develop and took more people to build than any previous computer program — ever. So why is it so blasted hard to use? Why doesn’t it do what you want it to do the first time? For that matter, why do you need it at all?
Someday, I swear, you’ll be able to pull a PC out of the box, plug it into the wall, turn it on, and then get your email, look at the news, or connect to Facebook — bang, bang, bang, just like that, in ten seconds flat. In the meantime, those stuck in the early 21st century have to make do with PCs that grow obsolete before you can unpack them, software so ornery that you find yourself arguing with it, and Internet connections that surely involve turtles carrying bits on their backs.
If you aren’t comfortable working with Windows and you still worry that you may break something if you click the wrong button, welcome to the club! In this chapter, I present a concise, school-of-hard-knocks overview of how all this hangs together and what to look for when buying a Windows computer. It may help you understand why and how Windows has limitations. It also may help you communicate with the geeky rescue team that tries to bail you out, whether you rely on the store that sold you the PC, the smelly guy in the apartment downstairs, or your 8-year-old daughter’s nerdy classmate.
Hardware and Software
At the most fundamental level, all computer stuff comes in one of two flavors: hardware or software. Hardware is anything you can touch — a computer screen, a mouse, a hard drive, a DVD drive (remember those coasters with shiny sides?). Software is everything else: email messages, that letter to your Aunt Martha, digital pictures of your last vacation, programs such as Microsoft Office. If you shoot a bunch of pictures, the pictures themselves are just bits — software. But they’re probably sitting on some sort of memory card inside your phone or camera. That card’s hardware. Get the difference?
Windows 10 is software. You can’t touch it. Your PC, on the other hand, is hardware. Kick the computer screen, and your toe hurts. Drop the big box on the floor, and it smashes into a gazillion pieces. That’s hardware.
Chances are very good that one of the major PC manufacturers — Lenovo, HP, Dell, Acer, ASUS, or Toshiba, for example — or maybe even Microsoft, with its Surface line, or even Apple, made your hardware. Microsoft, and Microsoft alone, makes Windows 10.
When you bought your computer, you paid for a license to use one copy of Windows on the PC you bought. The PC manufacturer paid Microsoft a royalty so it could sell you Windows along with your PC. (That royalty may have been, in fact, zero dollars, but it’s a royalty nonetheless.) You may think that you got Windows from, say, Dell — indeed, you may have to contact Dell for technical support on Windows questions — but, in fact, Windows came from Microsoft.
If you upgraded from Windows 7 or 8.1 to Windows 10, you may have received a free upgrade license — but it’s still a license, whether you paid for it or not. You can’t give it away to someone else.
These days, most software, including Windows 10, asks you to agree to an End User License Agreement (EULA). When you first set up your PC, Windows asked you to click the Accept button to accept a licensing agreement that’s long enough to reach the top of the Empire State Building. If you’re curious about what agreement you accepted, take a look at the official EULA repository, www.microsoft.com/en-us/Useterms/Retail/Windows/10/UseTerms_Retail_Windows_10_English.htm.
Why Do PCs Have to Run Windows?
Here’s the short answer: You don’t have to run Windows on your PC.
The PC you have is a dumb box. (You needed me to tell you that, eh?) To get the dumb box to do anything worthwhile, you need a computer program that takes control of the PC and makes it do things, such as show web pages on the screen, respond to mouse clicks or taps, or print résumés. An operating system controls the dumb box and makes it do worthwhile things, in ways that mere humans can understand.
Without an operating system, the computer can sit in a corner and count to itself or put profound messages on the screen, such as Non-system disk or disk error or maybe Insert system disk and press any key when ready. If you want your computer to do more than that, though, you need an operating system.
Windows is not the only operating system in town. The other big contenders in the PC and PC-like operating system game are Chrome OS, Mac OS, and Linux:
Chrome OS: Cheap Chromebooks have long dominated the best-seller lists at many computer retailers, and for good reason. If you want to surf the web, work on email, compose simple documents, or do anything in a browser — which covers a whole lot of ground these days — Chrome OS is all you need. Chromebooks, which by definition run Google’s Chrome OS, can’t run Windows programs such as Office or Photoshop (although they can run web-based versions of those programs, such as Office Online or the Photoshop Express Editor). In spite of the limitations, they don’t get infected and have very few maintenance problems. You can’t say the same about Windows: That’s why you need a thousand-page book to keep Windows going. Yes, you do need a reliable Internet connection to get the most out of Chrome OS. But some parts of Chrome OS and Google’s apps, including Gmail, can work even if you don’t have an active Internet connection.
Chrome OS, built on Linux, looks and feels much like the Google Chrome web browser. There are a few minor differences, but in general you feel like you’re working in the Chrome browser.
For friends and family who don’t have big-time computer needs, I find myself recommending a Chromebook more often than not. It’s easier for them, and it’s easier for me to support.
Mac OS: Apple has made great strides running on Intel hardware, and if you don’t already know how to use Windows or own a Windows computer, it makes a great deal of sense to consider buying an Apple computer and/or running Mac OS. Yes, you can build your own computer and run the Mac OS on it: Check out www.hackintosh.com. But, no, it isn’t legal — the Mac OS End User License Agreement specifically forbids installation on a non-Apple-branded computer — and it’s certainly not for the faint of heart.
That said, if you buy a Mac — say, a MacBook Air or Pro — it’s very easy to run Windows 10 on it. Some people feel that the highest quality Windows environment today comes from running Windows on a MacBook, and for years I’ve run Windows on my MacBook Pro and Air. All you need is a program called BootCamp, and that’s already installed, free, on the MacBook.
Linux:
The big up-and-coming operating system, which has been up and coming for a couple of decades now, is Linux, which is pronounced “LIN-uchs.” It’s a viable contender for netbooks (covered in more depth at the end of this chapter). If you expect to use your PC only to get on the Internet — to surf the web and send email from the likes of your Gmail or Hotmail account — Linux can handle all that, with few of the headaches that remain as the hallmark of Windows. By using free programs such as LibreOffice (
www.libreoffice.org
) and online programs such as Google Apps and Google Drive (
www.drive.google.com
), you can even cover the basics in word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, contact managers, calendars, and more. Linux may not support the huge array of hardware that Windows offers — but more than a few wags will tell you, with a wink, that Windows doesn’t support that huge of an array, either.
In the tablet sphere, iOS and Android rule, with iOS for iPhones and iPads — all from Apple — and Android for phones and tablets from a bewildering number of manufacturers. Windows 10 doesn’t exactly compete with any of them, although Microsoft tried to take on iPad with the now-defunct Windows RT (see the sidebar “Windows RT, RIP”).
WINDOWS RT, RIP
Back in the early days of Windows 8, Microsoft developed a different branch of Windows that was christened Windows RT. New Windows RT computers at the time were generally small, light, and inexpensive, and had a long battery life and touch-sensitive displays.
Several manufacturers made Windows RT machines, but in the end the only company that sold more than a dumpster full of them was Microsoft. Microsoft’s original Surface (later renamed Surface RT) and Surface 2 ran Windows RT — and even they didn’t sell worth beans.
The fundamental flaw with Windows RT? It wasn’t Windows. You couldn’t (and can’t) run Windows programs on it. You can’t upgrade the machine to real Windows. But try explaining that to a garden-variety customer. Microsoft really blew it when they gave the new, odd operating system the name Windows RT.
Microsoft has essentially orphaned Windows RT. If you own a Windows RT device (most likely a Microsoft Surface or Surface 2), the folks in Redmond provided one last update, called Windows RT 8.1 Update 3, which plugs what little they could muster. See www.microsoft.com/surface/en-us/support/install-update-activate/windows-8-1-rt-update-3.
There’s yet another branch of Windows, which is geared toward phones and tablets, especially 8-inch and smaller tablets. Windows 10 Mobile (see the sidebar) owes its pedigree to Windows Phone 8 and Windows RT. At least conceptually (and, in fact, under the hood in no small part), Microsoft has grown Windows Phone up and Windows RT down to meet somewhere in the middle.
WINDOWS 10 MOBILE
Generally, devices with screens smaller than 9 inches run the other kind of Windows, known (at least unofficially) as Windows 10 Mobile. Yes, there are devices larger than 9 inches that run Windows 10 Mobile and devices 8 inches and smaller with the “real” Windows 10. The general argument goes like this: If you don’t need to use the traditional Windows 7–style desktop, why pay for it? Windows 10 centers on the mouse-friendly desktop. Windows 10 Mobile sticks to the tiled world, and it’s much more finger-friendly.
Believe me, running the Windows desktop on a 7-inch tablet takes a tiny stylus, or a pencil sharpener for your fingertips.
This book talks about Windows 10. Although some of the topics also apply to Windows 10 Mobile, there’s quite a bit of difference. Since Microsoft gave up and sold its Nokia business in May 2016, the few Windows 10 phone fans have largely given up hope.
While some of the nostrums in this tome apply to Windows 10 Mobile, most do not. The mobile layout’s different, the approach is different, the way you interact with things is different, and most of the details are different. There is, however, some overlap in the Universal apps that can run on both Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile, and the tiles in many cases look the same.
What do other people choose? It’s hard to measure the percentage of PCs running Windows versus Mac versus Linux. One company, Net Applications, specializes in inspecting the online records of big-name websites and tallying how many Windows computers hit those sites, compared to Apple and Linux.
I hesitate to mention Net Applications (www.netapplications.com), because there’s a great deal of controversy surrounding its sampling and error correction methods, but it’s still (arguably) the best source of information on operating system penetration.
If you look at only desktop operating systems — Windows (on desktops, laptops, 2-in-1s) and Mac OS X and Linux — the numbers in mid 2016 broke as shown in Figure 1-3.
Source: Net Applications
FIGURE 1-3: Web access by desktop operating system, May 2016, worldwide.
Yes, you read the graph correctly: As of mid 2016, when Windows 10 had been out for almost a year, Win10 ran only a 15 percent market share (that is, 15 percent of the browser hits recorded by Net Applications came from Win10). Windows 8 and 8.1 together got almost as much, at 13 percent, and even old WinXP hit nearly 11 percent. Win7 was the reigning champ, with a 48 percent market share. That share is declining rapidly, though, as Microsoft pushes and shoves more Win7 customers onto Windows 10.
If you look at the bigger picture, including tablets and phones, the numbers change completely. As of May 2016, Google says that more than half of the searches it handles in the US, Japan, and ten other countries come from tablets and phones, as opposed to desktops or laptops. Back in July 2015, Andreesen Horowitz reported that the number of iOS devices (iPhones, iPads) sold per month zoomed ahead of the number of Windows PCs. Traditionally, Android phones and tablets show twice the usage rate of iOS devices. Mobile operating systems are swallowing the world — and the trend’s been in mobile’s favor, not Windows.
Windows was once king of the computing hill. Not so any more. Which is good news for you, the Windows customer. Microsoft’s branching out to make software for phones and tablets of all stripes, and Windows itself works better with whatever phones and tablets you may like.
It’s a brave new Windows world.
A Terminology Survival Kit
Some terms pop up so frequently that you’ll find it worthwhile to memorize them, or at least understand where they come from. That way, you won’t be caught flat-footed when your first-grader comes home and asks whether he can install a Universal app on your computer.
If you want to drive your techie friends nuts the next time you have a problem with your computer, tell them that the hassles occur when you’re “running Microsoft.” They won’t have any idea whether you mean Windows, Word, Outlook, Hotmail, Messenger, Search, Defender, or any of a gazillion other programs — and they won’t know if you’re talking about a Microsoft program on Windows, the Mac, iPad, iPhone, or Android.
Windows, the operating system (see the preceding section), is a program. So are computer games, Microsoft Office, Microsoft Word (the word processor part of Office), Google Chrome (the web browser made by Google), Xbox Video, those nasty viruses you’ve heard about, that screen saver with the oh-too-perfect fish bubbling and bumbling about, and others.
An app or a program is software (see the earlier “Hardware and Software” section in this chapter) that works on a computer. App is modern and cool; program is old and boring, application manages to hit both gongs, but they all mean the same thing.
A Universal Windows app is a program that, at least in theory, runs on any version of Windows 10. By design, Universal apps (also called Universal Windows Platform, or UWP, apps) should run on Windows 10 on a desktop, a laptop, a tablet, a phone — and even on an Xbox game console, a giant wall-mounted Surface Hub, a HoloLens augmented reality headset, and possibly Internet of Things tiny computers.
For most people, “Universal” does not mean what they might think it means. Universal Windows apps don’t work on Windows 8.1 or Windows 7. They don’t even run on Windows RT tablets (see the “Windows RT, RIP” sidebar). They’re universal only in the sense that they’ll run on Windows 10. In theory.
A special kind of program called a driver makes specific pieces of hardware work with the operating system. For example, your computer’s printer has a driver, your monitor has a driver, your mouse has a driver, and Tiger Woods has a driver (several, actually, and he makes a living with them). Wish that everyone were so talented.
Many drivers ship with Windows, even though Microsoft doesn’t make them. The hardware manufacturer’s responsible for making its hardware work with your Windows PC, and that includes building and fixing the drivers. (Yes, if Microsoft makes your computer, Microsoft’s responsible for the drivers, too.) Sometimes you can get a driver from the manufacturer that works better than the one that ships with Windows.
When you stick an app or program on your computer — and set it up so it works — you install the app or program (or driver).
When you crank up a program — that is, get it going on your computer — you can say you started it, launched it, ran it, or executed it. They all mean the same thing.
If the program quits the way it’s supposed to, you can say it stopped, finished, ended, exited, or terminated. Again, all these terms mean the same thing. If the program stops with some sort of weird error message, you can say it crashed, died, cratered, croaked, went belly up, jumped in the bit bucket, or GPFed (techspeak for “generated a General Protection Fault” — don’t ask), or employ any of a dozen colorful but unprintable epithets. If the program just sits there and you can’t get it to do anything, no matter how you click your mouse or poke the screen, you can say the program froze, hung, stopped responding, or went into a loop.
A bug
