Windows Server 2003 For Dummies E-Book

Ed Tittel

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 632

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

The perfect handbook for those who need to deploy, install, and configure installations, upgrade from previous versions, understand network addresses, manage day-to-day operations, configure storage, manage users and groups, implement security measures, configure mail services, and perform other vital administrative tasks. Covers the enhanced features and updates of the new version including the Microsoft .NET framework, Active Directory and its new drag and drop object management, Internet Information Server, and the Microsoft Management Console.

Leseprobe

Windows Server 2003 For Dummies

by Ed Tittel with James Michael Stewart

Windows Server 2003 For Dummies®

www.wiley.com

Copyright © 2003 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2003101831

ISBN: 978-0-7645-1633-7

1O/RQ/QY/QY/IN

Manufactured in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6

About the Authors

Ed Tittel is a grizzled veteran of the publishing game, with several hundred magazine articles and more than 100 books to his credit. Ed has worked on numerous For Dummies books, including HTML 4 For Dummies, 3rd Edition (with Natanya Pitts and Chelsea Valentine) and XML For Dummies, 3rd Edition, (with Frank Boumphrey), as well as books on many other topics. Ed presides over a small, Austin, Texas-based company called LANWrights that specializes in network-oriented training, writing, and consulting. When Ed’s not busy writing, he likes to shoot pool, cook, and hang out with his Labrador retriever, Blackie. You can reach Ed by email at [email protected] or through his Web page at www.lanw.com/staff/etbio.htm.

James Michael Stewart has been working with computers and technology for more than eighteen years. Michael is an independent consultant working as a writer and trainer. His work focuses on security, Windows NT, 2000, XP, and 2003, intranets, and the Internet. Michael has coauthored numerous books on Microsoft certification and administration and has written articles for print and online publications. He has developed certification courseware and training materials as well as presented these materials in the classroom. He is also a regular speaker at Networld+Interop. He has been an MCSE since 1997 and holds the following certifications: CISSP, TICSA, CIW Security Analyst, CTT+, CCNA, MCSE NT & W2K, and iNet+. Michael graduated in 1992 from the University of Texas at Austin with a bachelor’s degree in Philosophy. His computer knowledge is self-acquired, based on more than 18 years of hands-on experience. He spends his spare time reading, Texas two-stepping, cycling, woodworking, and managing his tenants as a slumlord. You can reach Michael by e-mail at [email protected].

Author’s Acknowledgments

As always, thanks to the LANWrights folks who worked on this book: Mary Burmeister and Kim Lindros. On the Wiley side, special thanks to Susan Pink, Bob Woerner, and Amanda Foxworth. I’d also like to thank Jason Zandri for his much-appreciated and very welcome assistance with the final revision of the book, and Michael Stewart for his earlier and equally welcome revisions for RC1. Well-known Windows author and expert John Savill, creator of a widely used Windows resource Web site (www.ntfaq.com), wrote Chapters 11 and 12 of this book. We’d like to acknowledge his contribution and thank him for his sterling efforts. Personally, I want to thank my Mom and Dad for making my career both possible and attainable. Finally, I want to thank my new bride, Dina Kutueva, for coming into my life rather later than sooner. Welcome to America! Also, my thanks to Blackie, my ever-faithful Labrador sidekick who urges me constantly into the wider world beyond my keyboard.

— ET

Thanks to my coauthor, Ed Tittel, for including me in this book. To my editor Mary Burmeister for putting up with me on yet another book project. To my parents, Dave and Sue, thanks for your love and consistent support. To Mark, thanks for always being there. To HERbert and Quin, stop tracking the cat litter all over the house! And finally, as always, to Elvis: If I’m ever feeling down, I just remember your sparkling leather jumpsuit with the big collar — and fall on the floor laughing.

— JMS

is a trademark of Wiley Publishing, Inc.

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Contents

Title

Introduction

About This Book

How to Use This Book

Foolish Assumptions

How This Book Is Organized

Icons Used in This Book

Where to Go from Here

Part I : Laying the Network Foundation

Chapter 1: Making Networks Make Sense

What’s This about a Network?

Investigating Your Network’s Facilities

What Is the Sound of a Working Network?

It’s All about Sharing Resources

Windows Networking Trends

Chapter 2: Networking the Client/Server Way

Clients Request Services

Servers Deliver Services

Decoding a Client/Server Conversation

Clients and Network Access Software

Built-in Functions versus Network Add-ons

Managing Network Components

Managing Access to Resources

A Windows Network Services Sampler

Chapter 3: Matters of Protocol

When Computers Communicate

Following Protocol

Protocols as Postal Centers

The Dance of the Seven Layers

Windows 2003 Protocols (and More)

Mixing Protocols

Seeing What’s Up on Your Server

Chapter 4: My Kingdom for a Topology!

What Is a Topology, Really?

A Network Technology Primer

About Ancillary Equipment

Mixing and Matching Network Technologies

Part II : Hooking Up the Hardware

Chapter 5: Network Design Basics

Begin at the Beginning: Requirements

Network Design’s Barest Basics

Deciding Where Networking Devices Must Go

Always Check Your Work!

Don’t Take Your Eyes off the Ball

Every Network Map Tells a Story

Chapter 6: Installing Network Interface Cards

What Makes a NIC Tick?

Find the Newest Bus — and Use It Well!

Selecting Speedy Server NICs

Preparing to Stick in the NIC

Beware the Golden Fingers!

Old-Fashioned NIC Configuration

In the Driver’s Seat

Bringing the NIC to the Cable

When Trouble Shoots at You, Be Ready to Shoot Back!

Chapter 7: Hooking Up Your Network

Make a Network Medium Happy!

Raising the Bandwidth Ceiling

The Backbone’s Connected to . . . Everything Else!

More Than One Network Is an Internetwork

Beyond Local Networks

Part III : Servers, Start Your Engines!

Chapter 8: Meet Windows 2003

The Very Basics of Windows 2003

The Windows 2003 Family

Why Use Windows Server 2003?

Chapter 9: Ready, Set, Install!

Installation: Upgrade or New?

Got Enough Horsepower?

Step-by-Step: Installing Windows 2003

Installing from an Existing OS

Installing across a Network

Remote Installation

Post-Installation Stress Disorder

Oops, My Installation Didn’t Take

About Automated Installation

Chapter 10: Configuring Connections to the Universe

Meeting the Configure Your Server Wizard

Remote Connections

Chapter 11: Doing the Directory Thing

What Is a Directory Service?

Meet Active Directory

Of Domains and Controllers

What Makes Active Directory Tick?

Planning for Active Directory

Installing Active Directory

When Domains Multiply

Chapter 12: Working with Active Directory, Domains, and Trusts

Master of Your Domain

Administrivia Anyone? (Controlling Domains and Directories)

Permission to Proceed? Handling Directory Permissions

Managing Trusts

Chapter 13: Printing on the Network

Windows 2003 Has a Print Model

Installing on the Server’s Side

Sharing Printer Access

Bringing Printers and Clients Together

Managing Windows 2003-Based Printers

Preventing Printer Problems

Faxing the Windows 2003 Way

Chapter 14: IP Addressing: Zero to Insane in Two Seconds Flat

Resolving a Name: TCP/IP and NetBIOS

Calling Every Node

Forcing IP down the Throat of Windows 2003

Everyone WINS Sometime

DNS Does the Trick

DHCP: IP Addressing Automation

Ironing Out Problems

Part IV : Running Your Network

Chapter 15: Managing Users with Active Directory Users and Computers

User Accounts Have Properties

Creating Active Directory Accounts

Getting Pushy with Users

What about Groups?

Give Your Users Nice Profiles

Where You Find Profiles, Policies Are Never Far Away

When Access Problems Loom . . .

Chapter 16: Managing Shares, Permissions, and More

More about Objects, Rights, and Permissions

Of Windows 2003 NTFS and Permissions

FAT and FAT32 Have No Permissions

Share Permissions

Calculating Actual Permissions

But What about Access Control with Active Directory Objects?

Chapter 17: Backing Up for a Rainy Day

Why Bother Backing Up?

Beep! Beep! Planning Backups

The Windows 2003 Backup Facility

Restoring from a Backup

Third-Party Backup Options

The Backup Operator

Chapter 18: Network Security Management

Network Security Basics

Windows 2003 and Security

A Look into the Future: Service Packs

Copping an Attitude

Plugging Common Mouse Holes

Security Equals Vigilance

Part V : Troubleshooting

Chapter 19: Using Windows 2003 Troubleshooting Utilities

Event Viewer Reveals

Dump Picking

System Information Tool

Windows 2003 Computer Management

Performance Monitor

Windows 2003 Resource Kit Utilities

Chapter 20: Nixing Network Problems

When Good Networks Go Bad

Open Up and Say Ahhhhh!

Check Those Network Settings: Again!

What Do You Mean the Server’s Unavailable?

Slow Networking Services

Can’t Get There from Here

Tracking Down Intermittent Problems

Chapter 21: Reactivating Active Directory

Domain Controller, Heal Thyself

When All Is Not Quiet on the Western Front

Common Issues

Backing Up and Restoring Directory Data

Part VI : The Part of Tens

Chapter 22: Ten Tips for Installation and Configuration

Exceed the Minimum Requirements

Use Only Qualified Server Hardware

Install from Your Network

Let the Software Do the Work: Automating Installation

Beating Installation Weirdness — Be Persistent

Let [VGA Mode] Come to the Rescue!

Use “Last Known Good” to Do Good!

Use the Windows 2003 CD to boot

When in Doubt, Back Up!

Prepare for the Real Work!

Chapter 23: Ten Steps to Networking Nirvana with Windows Server 2003

Never Overlook the Obvious

Ensure Windows 2003 Routing

Open Your TCP/IP Toolkit

Install a Fast Server NIC

Know When to Divide and When to Conquer

When in Doubt, Check Your Services

Handle Names and Addresses Efficiently

Ask What’s New or Different

If You Need Help, Ask

Watch Network Trouble Spots

Introduction

W elcome to Windows Server 2003 For Dummies, the book that helps anyone who’s unfamiliar with Windows Server 2003 (or networks in general) find his or her way around a Windows Server 2003-based network. In a wired world, networks provide the links that tie all users together. Even if you’re not using a network already, you probably will use one someday! This book tells you what’s going on, in basic, straightforward terms.

Although a few fortunate individuals may be acquainted with Windows Server 2003 and networks already, a lot more of us are not only unfamiliar with networking but also downright scared of it. To those who may be worried about the prospect of facing new and difficult technologies, we say, “Don’t worry. Be happy.” Using a network is not beyond anyone’s wits or abilities — it’s mostly a matter of using a language that ordinary people can understand.

Ordinary folks are why this book talks about using Windows Server 2003 and networks in simple — and deliberately irreverent — terms. Nothing is too highfalutin to be mocked, nor too arcane to state in plain English. And when we do have to get technical, we’ll warn you and make sure to define our terms to boot.

This books aims to help you meet your needs. You’ll find everything you need to know about Windows Server 2003 and networking in here, so you’ll be able to find your way around — without having to learn lots of jargon or obtain an advanced degree in computer science along the way. We want you to enjoy yourself. If networking really is a big deal, it’s important that you be able to get the most out of it. We really want to help!

About This Book

This book is designed so you can pick it up and start reading at any point — like you might read a reference book. In Parts I and II, networking basics are covered: concepts and terminology in Part I, and the design and deployment of network hardware in Part II. In Parts III through V, you’ll find ample coverage of Windows Server 2003 and related networking topics. Part III covers installation and configuration of Windows Server 2003, whereas Part IV covers its maintenance and management. Part V completes this picture with chapters on a variety of troubleshooting topics.

Each chapter is divided into freestanding sections in which each one relates to the chapter’s major theme. For example, the chapter on installing network interface cards, or NICs, contains the following collection of information:

A description of a NIC and how it works

The various PC buses for which NICs are available

How to begin the installation process by documenting your current configuration

How to insert a NIC into a PC

How to configure a NIC after it’s installed in your PC

What to do when Plug and Play fails to live up to its promises

Troubleshooting techniques to try when NIC installation doesn’t work on the first (or second) try

You don’t have to memorize the contents of this book. Each section supplies just the facts you need to make networking with Windows Server 2003 easy to use. On some occasions, however, you may want to work directly from the book to make sure you keep things straight.

How to Use This Book

This book works like a reference, so start with a topic that interests you. You can use the table of contents to identify general areas of interest or broad topics. The index, however, is your best tool for identifying detailed concepts, related topics, or particular Windows 2003 capabilities, tools, or controls.

After you find what you need, you can close the book and tackle whatever task you’ve set for yourself — without having to grapple with unrelated details.

If you’ve never worked on a network before, it’s a good idea to read Parts I and II in their entirety. Likewise, if you’re new to Windows Server 2003, you might want to read all of Parts III and IV. Otherwise, dig in wherever your fancy moves you!

When you need to type something at the keyboard, you’ll see text that looks like this: TYPE THIS. You’re expected to enter this text at the keyboard, and then press the Enter key. Because typing stuff can sometimes be confusing, we always try to describe what it is you’re typing and why you need to type it.

This book occasionally suggests that you consult the Windows Server 2003 online help, printed manuals, and Resource Kit and even Microsoft’s TechNet CD for additional information. In most cases, though, you find everything you need to know about a particular topic right here — except for some of the bizarre details that abound in Windows Server 2003.

If there’s a topic we don’t cover in this book that you need to know more about, we suggest you look for a book on that subject in the For Dummies series, published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. In addition, a whole world of Web information about Windows Server 2003 is available on the Internet, and the Microsoft Web site at www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/default.mspx is not a bad place to start looking for such information.

Foolish Assumptions

We’re going to climb out on a limb and make some potentially foolish assumptions about you, our gentle reader. You have or are thinking about getting a computer, a network, and at least one copy of Windows Server 2003. You know what you want to do with these things. You might even be able to handle all these things yourself, if somebody could only show you how. Our goal with this book is to decrease your need for such a somebody, but we don’t recommend telling him or her that out loud — at least, not until you’ve finished this book!

How This Book Is Organized

The book is divided into six major parts, each of which consists of two to seven chapters. Each chapter covers a major topic and is divided into sections, which discuss some particular issue or concern related to that topic. That’s how things in this book are organized, but how you read it is up to you. Choose a topic, a section, a chapter, or a part — whatever strikes your fancy or suits your needs — and start reading.

Part I: Laying the Network Foundation

Part I covers networking concepts and terminology, including the basics of networked communications and what makes networks work — usually, some magical combination of hardware and software. Look here for discussions about networking terms and concepts, such as client, server, protocol, and topology. If you’re not familiar with networks, this part should come in handy. If you’re already a seasoned networker, you can skip this part (and Part II).

Part II: Hooking Up the Hardware

Part II covers everything you need to know to build or extend a network or simply to understand what’s really happening on an existing network. It starts with coverage of network design and layout principles, and continues with a discussion of how to install and configure NICs in a PC. After that, it examines the wiring that links network devices and talks about how multiple networks can interconnect. Part II concludes with a review of all the software components you’re likely to encounter on a Windows 2003-based network and why you need them.

Part III: Servers, Start Your Engines!

Part III tackles Windows Server 2003 head on, starting with its installation and configuration. It covers the issues involved in installing and configuring network hardware specifically for Windows Server 2003. It also covers how to install and manage print servers and services on a Windows 2003-based network, how to handle Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) addresses, and how to set up and manage directory services, domains, and trust relationships in a Windows 2003-based environment. Part III is where you figure out how to put the basic pieces of a network together using Windows Server 2003.

Part IV: Running Your Network

Part IV picks up where Part III leaves off — that is, it talks about living with and managing a Windows 2003-based network after the initial installation and configuration phase is complete. It begins with a discussion of how to manage users and groups on a Windows 2003-based network, including details on profiles, policies, and local and global groups. Next, it covers how Windows 2003 controls access to NTFS files and directories, and how to manage network-accessible file system resources called shares.

After a network’s users, groups, and data assets are in place, rebuilding such a setup from scratch can be a real pain. That’s where a backup comes in handy, so Part IV covers the ins and outs of backing up and restoring a Windows Server 2003 machine, plus other aspects of fault tolerance. After that, a review of network security principles and practices should help to prepare you to protect your data from accidental loss and from would-be hackers and crackers.

Part V: Troubleshooting

Part V takes a long, hard look at the common causes of trouble on Windows 2003-based networks and explores those areas that are most likely to fall prey to trouble. It begins with a look at some key Windows 2003 tools for troubleshooting systems, and then continues on to explore tips, tricks, and techniques for troubleshooting a Windows 2003-based network. Part V concludes by exploring the handling of problems with Active Directory.

Part VI: The Part of Tens

Part VI follows the grand tradition of For Dummies books, all of which include “The Part of Tens.” Here, you’ll find lists of information, tips, tricks, and suggestions, all organized into short and convenient chapters. This supplemental information is designed to be both helpful and informative and is supplied at no extra charge.

Icons Used in This Book

The icons used in this book point you to important (and not so important) topics in the text.

This icon lets you know that you’re about to encounter information that’s important to understand if you really want to get what’s going on with networking or with Windows Server 2003. It may be painful at times, but you have to slog through it.

Oh gee, we’re getting so old that we can’t recall what this one means. Maybe you should check one out and see whether it’s worth watching for!

This icon lets you know that you’re about to be swamped in technical details. We include this information because we love it, not because we think you have to master it to use Windows Server 2003 or networks. If you aspire to nerdhood, you probably want to read it; if you’re already a nerd, you’ll want to write us about stuff we left out or other information we should put in!

This icon signals that helpful advice is at hand. We also use it when we offer insights that we hope make networking or using Windows Server 2003 more interesting or easier. For example, whenever we include a shortcut that improves your productivity, it’s usually marked with the Tip icon.

This icon means what it says — you’d better be careful with the information it conveys. Nine times out of ten, it’s warning you not to do something that can have nasty or painful consequences, as in accidentally wiping out the contents of an entire hard drive. Whoops!

Where to Go from Here

With this book at your side, you should be ready to wrestle with Windows Server 2003 and the networks it connects to. Find a subject, turn to its page, and you’ll be ready to jam. Feel free to mark up this book, fill in the blanks, dog-ear the pages, and do anything else that might make a librarian queasy. The important things are to make good use of it and to enjoy yourself while you’re at it.

Please check out the Web page at www.dummies.com. Be sure to take the opportunity to register your purchase online or to send the authors e-mail with feedback about your reading experience.

Part I

Laying the Network Foundation

In this part . . .

In this introductory part of the book, you get background material about local area networks, or LANs. We present the barest essentials: how computers communicate with each other, why communication isn’t a bad thing, and what makes networks work. We also cover vital concepts, including protocols, which are the rules of communication that computers use to exchange information, and topologies, which are the ways in which network wiring can be arranged.

Along the way, you discover all kinds of basic network terminology and concepts that you may never have heard of but that everyone, including Microsoft, assumes that you know when you work with Windows Server 2003.

Each chapter presents its information in small, easy-to-read sections. If information is really technical (mostly worth skipping, unless you’re a glutton for punishment), it’s clearly marked as such. Even so, we hope you find this information useful — and maybe even worth a giggle or two.

Chapter 1

Making Networks Make Sense

In This Chapter

Understanding network hardware and software

Recognizing a network’s anatomy

Making sure that the network’s running

Sharing resources

Following Windows networking trends into the new millennium

I f you’ve ever used a cell phone or watched a TV show, you’ve used a network, perhaps without even realizing it. Much of the world’s modern communications infrastructure, including wired and wireless telephones, cable and broadcast TV, and the Internet, depends on networks.

Windows Server 2003 needs a network, too. Because servers exist to provide file, print, directory, Web, security, and other services to clients across a network, using Windows Server 2003 without a network is like using a telephone that’s not plugged into the wall. Although that phone may have some value as abstract art, its real value comes from its capability to connect you with other people or services. The same is true for Windows Server 2003.

In this chapter, we introduce you to the various components that make up a Windows Server 2003-based network and briefly discuss how each one works.

What’s This about a Network?

A network requires at least two computers linked in a way that enables them to talk to each other. Most networks use electrical wires of some type to convey signals and data between computers. However, numerous types of networking media, including wireless technologies and fiber-optic cables, also support networked connections. In other words, you can get from here to there in many ways on modern networks!