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- Herausgeber: Kerry Butters
- Kategorie: Gesellschafts- und Liebesromane
- Sprache: Englisch
- Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2019
Chronicling the experiences of a wealthy landowner’s son as he grows up and becomes aware of the world and his place in it, these three short novels were only loosely inspired by Tolstoy’s own memories. In old age he condemned the work as “an awkward mixture of fact and fiction,” but the imaginative powers that enabled him to capture so vividly the universal emotions and sensations of childhood have enthralled generations of readers. We are blessed to have, alongside the mature writer of Anna Karenina and War and Peace and the revolutionary mystic of the later years, the young Tolstoy who wrote these elegiac tales. In their sensitivity to nature and their evocations of fugitive feelings, they reveal his genius in all its untroubled early splendor.
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leo tolstoy
Youth
Table of contents
CHAPTER I. WHAT I CONSIDER TO HAVE BEEN THE BEGINNING OF MY YOUTH
CHAPTER II. SPRINGTIME
CHAPTER III. DREAMS
CHAPTER IV. OUR FAMILY CIRCLE
CHAPTER V. MY RULES
CHAPTER VI. CONFESSION
CHAPTER VII. THE EXPEDITION TO THE MONASTERY
CHAPTER VIII. THE SECOND CONFESSION
CHAPTER IX. HOW I PREPARED MYSELF FOR THE EXAMINATIONS
CHAPTER X. THE EXAMINATION IN HISTORY
CHAPTER XI. MY EXAMINATION IN MATHEMATICS
CHAPTER XII. MY EXAMINATION IN LATIN
CHAPTER XIII. I BECOME GROWN-UP
CHAPTER XIV. HOW WOLODA AND DUBKOFF AMUSED THEMSELVES
CHAPTER XV. I AM FETED AT DINNER
CHAPTER XVI. THE QUARREL
CHAPTER XVII. I GET READY TO PAY SOME CALLS
CHAPTER XVIII. THE VALAKHIN FAMILY
CHAPTER XIX. THE KORNAKOFFS
CHAPTER XX. THE IWINS
CHAPTER XXI. PRINCE IVAN IVANOVITCH
CHAPTER XXII. INTIMATE CONVERSATION WITH MY FRIEND
CHAPTER XXIII. THE NECHLUDOFFS
CHAPTER XXIV. LOVE
CHAPTER XXV. I BECOME BETTER ACQUAINTED WITH THE NECHLUDOFFS
CHAPTER XXVI. I SHOW OFF
CHAPTER XXVII. DIMITRI
CHAPTER XXVIII. IN THE COUNTRY
CHAPTER XXIX. RELATIONS BETWEEN THE GIRLS AND OURSELVES
CHAPTER XXX. HOW I EMPLOYED MY TIME
CHAPTER XXXI. “COMME IL FAUT”
CHAPTER XXXII. YOUTH
CHAPTER XXXIII. OUR NEIGHBOURS
CHAPTER XXXIV. MY FATHER’S SECOND MARRIAGE
CHAPTER XXXV. HOW WE RECEIVED THE NEWS
CHAPTER XXXVI. THE UNIVERSITY
CHAPTER XXXVII. AFFAIRS OF THE HEART
CHAPTER XXXVIII. THE WORLD
CHAPTER XXXIX. THE STUDENTS’ FEAST
CHAPTER XL. MY FRIENDSHIP WITH THE NECHLUDOFFS
CHAPTER XLI. MY FRIENDSHIP WITH THE NECHLUDOFFS
CHAPTER XLII. OUR STEPMOTHER
CHAPTER XLIII. NEW COMRADES
CHAPTER XLIV. ZUCHIN AND SEMENOFF
CHAPTER XLV. I COME TO GRIEF
By
Leo Tolstoy
Table of Contents
CHAPTER I. WHAT I CONSIDER TO HAVE BEEN THE BEGINNING OF MY YOUTH
CHAPTER II. SPRINGTIME
CHAPTER III. DREAMS
CHAPTER IV. OUR FAMILY CIRCLE
CHAPTER V. MY RULES
CHAPTER VI. CONFESSION
CHAPTER VII. THE EXPEDITION TO THE MONASTERY
CHAPTER VIII. THE SECOND CONFESSION
CHAPTER IX. HOW I PREPARED MYSELF FOR THE EXAMINATIONS
CHAPTER X. THE EXAMINATION IN HISTORY
CHAPTER XI. MY EXAMINATION IN MATHEMATICS
CHAPTER XII. MY EXAMINATION IN LATIN
CHAPTER XIII. I BECOME GROWN-UP
CHAPTER XIV. HOW WOLODA AND DUBKOFF AMUSED THEMSELVES
CHAPTER XV. I AM FETED AT DINNER
CHAPTER XVI. THE QUARREL
CHAPTER XVII. I GET READY TO PAY SOME CALLS
CHAPTER XVIII. THE VALAKHIN FAMILY
CHAPTER XIX. THE KORNAKOFFS
CHAPTER XX. THE IWINS
CHAPTER XXI. PRINCE IVAN IVANOVITCH
CHAPTER XXII. INTIMATE CONVERSATION WITH MY FRIEND
CHAPTER XXIII. THE NECHLUDOFFS
CHAPTER XXIV. LOVE
CHAPTER XXV. I BECOME BETTER ACQUAINTED WITH THE NECHLUDOFFS
CHAPTER XXVI. I SHOW OFF
CHAPTER XXVII. DIMITRI
CHAPTER XXVIII. IN THE COUNTRY
CHAPTER XXIX. RELATIONS BETWEEN THE GIRLS AND OURSELVES
CHAPTER XXX. HOW I EMPLOYED MY TIME
CHAPTER XXXI. “COMME IL FAUT”
CHAPTER XXXII. YOUTH
CHAPTER XXXIII. OUR NEIGHBOURS
CHAPTER XXXIV. MY FATHER’S SECOND MARRIAGE
CHAPTER XXXV. HOW WE RECEIVED THE NEWS
CHAPTER XXXVI. THE UNIVERSITY
CHAPTER XXXVII. AFFAIRS OF THE HEART
CHAPTER XXXVIII. THE WORLD
CHAPTER XXXIX. THE STUDENTS’ FEAST
CHAPTER XL. MY FRIENDSHIP WITH THE NECHLUDOFFS
CHAPTER XLI. MY FRIENDSHIP WITH THE NECHLUDOFFS
CHAPTER XLII. OUR STEPMOTHER
CHAPTER XLIII. NEW COMRADES
CHAPTER XLIV. ZUCHIN AND SEMENOFF
CHAPTER XLV. I COME TO GRIEF
CHAPTER I. WHAT I CONSIDER TO HAVE BEEN THE BEGINNING OF MY YOUTH
I have said that my friendship with Dimitri opened up for me a new view of my life and of its aim and relations. The essence of that view lay in the conviction that the destiny of man is to strive for moral improvement, and that such improvement is at once easy, possible, and lasting. Hitherto, however, I had found pleasure only in the new ideas which I discovered to arise from that conviction, and in the forming of brilliant plans for a moral, active future, while all the time my life had been continuing along its old petty, muddled, pleasure-seeking course, and the same virtuous thoughts which I and my adored friend Dimitri (“my own marvellous Mitia,” as I used to call him to myself in a whisper) had been wont to exchange with one another still pleased my intellect, but left my sensibility untouched. Nevertheless there came a moment when those thoughts swept into my head with a sudden freshness and force of moral revelation which left me aghast at the amount of time which I had been wasting, and made me feel as though I must at once—that very second—apply those thoughts to life, with the firm intention of never again changing them.
It is from that moment that I date the beginning of my youth.
I was then nearly sixteen. Tutors still attended to give me lessons, St. Jerome still acted as general supervisor of my education, and, willy-nilly, I was being prepared for the University. In addition to my studies, my occupations included certain vague dreamings and ponderings, a number of gymnastic exercises to make myself the finest athlete in the world, a good deal of aimless, thoughtless wandering through the rooms of the house (but more especially along the maidservants’ corridor), and much looking at myself in the mirror. From the latter, however, I always turned away with a vague feeling of depression, almost of repulsion. Not only did I feel sure that my exterior was ugly, but I could derive no comfort from any of the usual consolations under such circumstances. I could not say, for instance, that I had at least an expressive, clever, or refined face, for there was nothing whatever expressive about it. Its features were of the most humdrum, dull, and unbecoming type, with small grey eyes which seemed to me, whenever I regarded them in the mirror, to be stupid rather than clever. Of manly bearing I possessed even less, since, although I was not exactly small of stature, and had, moreover, plenty of strength for my years, every feature in my face was of the meek, sleepy-looking, indefinite type. Even refinement was lacking in it, since, on the contrary, it precisely resembled that of a simple-looking moujik, while I also had the same big hands and feet as he. At the time, all this seemed to me very shameful.
CHAPTER II. SPRINGTIME
Easter of the year when I entered the University fell late in April, so that the examinations were fixed for St. Thomas’s Week, [Easter week.] and I had to spend Good Friday in fasting and finally getting myself ready for the ordeal.
Following upon wet snow (the kind of stuff which Karl Ivanitch used to describe as “a child following, its father”), the weather had for three days been bright and mild and still. Not a clot of snow was now to be seen in the streets, and the dirty slush had given place to wet, shining pavements and coursing rivulets. The last icicles on the roofs were fast melting in the sunshine, buds were swelling on the trees in the little garden, the path leading across the courtyard to the stables was soft instead of being a frozen ridge of mud, and mossy grass was showing green between the stones around the entrance-steps. It was just that particular time in spring when the season exercises the strongest influence upon the human soul—when clear sunlight illuminates everything, yet sheds no warmth, when rivulets run trickling under one’s feet, when the air is charged with an odorous freshness, and when the bright blue sky is streaked with long, transparent clouds.
For some reason or another the influence of this early stage in the birth of spring always seems to me more perceptible and more impressive in a great town than in the country. One sees less, but one feels more. I was standing near the window—through the double frames of which the morning sun was throwing its mote-flecked beams upon the floor of what seemed to me my intolerably wearisome schoolroom—and working out a long algebraical equation on the blackboard. In one hand I was holding a ragged, long-suffering “Algebra” and in the other a small piece of chalk which had already besmeared my hands, my face, and the elbows of my jacket. Nicola, clad in an apron, and with his sleeves rolled up, was picking out the putty from the window-frames with a pair of nippers, and unfastening the screws. The window looked out upon the little garden. At length his occupation and the noise which he was making over it arrested my attention. At the moment I was in a very cross, dissatisfied frame of mind, for nothing seemed to be going right with me. I had made a mistake at the very beginning of my algebra, and so should have to work it out again; twice I had let the chalk drop. I was conscious that my hands and face were whitened all over; the sponge had rolled away into a corner; and the noise of Nicola’s operations was fast getting on my nerves. I had a feeling as though I wanted to fly into a temper and grumble at some one, so I threw down chalk and “Algebra” alike, and began to pace the room. Then suddenly I remembered that to-day we were to go to confession, and that therefore I must refrain from doing anything wrong. Next, with equal suddenness I relapsed into an extraordinarily goodhumoured frame of mind, and walked across to Nicola.
“ Let me help you, Nicola,” I said, trying to speak as pleasantly as I possibly could. The idea that I was performing a meritorious action in thus suppressing my ill-temper and offering to help him increased my good-humour all the more.
By this time the putty had been chipped out, and the screws removed, yet, though Nicola pulled with might and main at the cross-piece, the window-frame refused to budge.
“ If it comes out as soon as he and I begin to pull at it together,” I thought, “it will be rather a shame, as then I shall have nothing more of the kind to do to-day.”
Suddenly the frame yielded a little at one side, and came out.
“ Where shall I put it?” I said.
“ Let ME see to it, if you please,” replied Nicola, evidently surprised as well as, seemingly, not over-pleased at my zeal. “We must not leave it here, but carry it away to the lumber-room, where I keep all the frames stored and numbered.”
“ Oh, but I can manage it,” I said as I lifted it up. I verily believe that if the lumber-room had been a couple of versts away, and the frame twice as heavy as it was, I should have been the more pleased. I felt as though I wanted to tire myself out in performing this service for Nicola. When I returned to the room the bricks and screws had been replaced on the windowsill, and Nicola was sweeping the debris, as well as a few torpid flies, out of the open window. The fresh, fragrant air was rushing into and filling all the room, while with it came also the dull murmur of the city and the twittering of sparrows in the garden. Everything was in brilliant light, the room looked cheerful, and a gentle spring breeze was stirring Nicola’s hair and the leaves of my “Algebra.” Approaching the window, I sat down upon the sill, turned my eyes downwards towards the garden, and fell into a brown study.
Something new to me, something extraordinarily potent and unfamiliar, had suddenly invaded my soul. The wet ground on which, here and there, a few yellowish stalks and blades of bright-green grass were to be seen; the little rivulets glittering in the sunshine, and sweeping clods of earth and tiny chips of wood along with them; the reddish twigs of the lilac, with their swelling buds, which nodded just beneath the window; the fussy twitterings of birds as they fluttered in the bush below; the blackened fence shining wet from the snow which had lately melted off it; and, most of all, the raw, odorous air and radiant sunlight—all spoke to me, clearly and unmistakably, of something new and beautiful, of something which, though I cannot repeat it here as it was then expressed to me, I will try to reproduce so far as I understood it. Everything spoke to me of beauty, happiness, and virtue—as three things which were both easy and possible for me—and said that no one of them could exist without the other two, since beauty, happiness, and virtue were one. “How did I never come to understand that before?” I cried to myself. “How did I ever manage to be so wicked? Oh, but how good, how happy, I could be—nay, I WILL be—in the future! At once, at once—yes, this very minute—I will become another being, and begin to live differently!” For all that, I continued sitting on the window-sill, continued merely dreaming, and doing nothing. Have you ever, on a summer’s day, gone to bed in dull, rainy weather, and, waking just at sunset, opened your eyes and seen through the square space of the window—the space where the linen blind is blowing up and down, and beating its rod upon the window-sill—the rain-soaked, shadowy, purple vista of an avenue of lime-trees, with a damp garden path lit up by the clear, slanting beams of the sun, and then suddenly heard the joyous sounds of bird life in the garden, and seen insects flying to and fro at the open window, and glittering in the sunlight, and smelt the fragrance of the rain-washed air, and thought to yourself, “Am I not ashamed to be lying in bed on such an evening as this?” and, leaping joyously to your feet, gone out into the garden and revelled in all that welter of life? If you have, then you can imagine for yourself the overpowering sensation which was then possessing me.
CHAPTER IV. OUR FAMILY CIRCLE
PAPA was seldom at home that spring. Yet, whenever he was so, he seemed extraordinarily cheerful as he either strummed his favourite pieces on the piano or looked roguishly at us and made jokes about us all, not excluding even Mimi. For instance, he would say that the Tsarevitch himself had seen Mimi at the rink, and fallen so much in love with her that he had presented a petition to the Synod for divorce; or else that I had been granted an appointment as secretary to the Austrian ambassador—a piece of news which he imparted to us with a perfectly grave face. Next, he would frighten Katenka with some spiders (of which she was very much afraid), engage in an animated conversation with our friends Dubkoff and Nechludoff, and tell us and our guests, over and over again, his plans for the year. Although these plans changed almost from day to day, and were for ever contradicting one another, they seemed so attractive that we were always glad to listen to them, and Lubotshka, in particular, would glue her eyes to his face, so as not to lose a single word. One day his plan would be that he should leave my brother and myself at the University, and go and live with Lubotshka in Italy for two years. Next, the plan would be that he should buy an estate on the south coast of the Crimea, and take us for an annual visit there; next, that we should migrate en masse to St. Petersburg; and so forth. Yet, in addition to this unusual cheerfulness of his, another change had come over him of late—a change which greatly surprised me. This was that he had had some fashionable clothes made—an olive-coloured frockcoat, smart trousers with straps at the sides, and a long wadded greatcoat which fitted him to perfection. Often, too, there was a delightful smell of scent about him when he came home from a party—more especially when he had been to see a lady of whom Mimi never spoke but with a sigh and a face that seemed to say: “Poor orphans! How dreadful! It is a good thing that SHE is gone now!” and so on, and so on. From Nicola (for Papa never spoke to us of his gambling) I had learnt that he (Papa) had been very fortunate in play that winter, and so had won an extraordinary amount of money, all of which he had placed in the bank after vowing that he would play no more that spring. Evidently, it was his fear of being unable to resist again doing so that was rendering him anxious to leave for the country as soon as possible. Indeed, he ended by deciding not to wait until I had entered the University, but to take the girls to Petrovskoe immediately after Easter, and to leave Woloda and myself to follow them at a later season.
All that winter, until the opening of spring, Woloda had been inseparable from Dubkoff, while at the same time the pair of them had cooled greatly towards Dimitri. Their chief amusements (so I gathered from conversations overheard) were continual drinking of champagne, sledge-driving past the windows of a lady with whom both of them appeared to be in love, and dancing with her—not at children’s parties, either, but at real balls! It was this last fact which, despite our love for one another, placed a vast gulf between Woloda and myself. We felt that the distance between a boy still taking lessons under a tutor and a man who danced at real, grown-up balls was too great to allow of their exchanging mutual ideas. Katenka, too, seemed grown-up now, and read innumerable novels; so that the idea that she would some day be getting married no longer seemed to me a joke. Yet, though she and Woloda were thus grown-up, they never made friends with one another, but, on the contrary, seemed to cherish a mutual contempt. In general, when Katenka was at home alone, nothing but novels amused her, and they but slightly; but as soon as ever a visitor of the opposite sex called, she at once grew lively and amiable, and used her eyes for saying things which I could not then understand. It was only later, when she one day informed me in conversation that the only thing a girl was allowed to indulge in was coquetry—coquetry of the eyes, I mean—that I understood those strange contortions of her features which to every one else had seemed a matter for no surprise at all. Lubotshka also had begun to wear what was almost a long dress—a dress which almost concealed her goose-shaped feet; yet she still remained as ready a weeper as ever. She dreamed now of marrying, not a hussar, but a singer or an instrumentalist, and accordingly applied herself to her music with greater diligence than ever. St. Jerome, who knew that he was going to remain with us only until my examinations were over, and so had obtained for himself a new post in the family of some count or another, now looked with contempt upon the members of our household. He stayed indoors very little, took to smoking cigarettes (then all the rage), and was for ever whistling lively tunes on the edge of a card. Mimi daily grew more and more despondent, as though, now that we were beginning to grow up, she looked for nothing good from any one or anything.
