A Companion to Augustine E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Serie: Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1650

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

Beschreibung

A Companion to Augustine presents a fresh collection of scholarship by leading academics with a new approach to contextualizing Augustine and his works within the multi-disciplinary field of Late Antiquity, showing Augustine as both a product of the cultural forces of his times and a cultural force in his own right.

• Discusses the life and works of Augustine within their full historical context, rather than privileging the theological context
• Presents Augustine’s life, works and leading ideas in the cultural context of the late Roman world, providing a vibrant and engaging sense of Augustine in action in his own time and place
• Opens up a new phase of study on Augustine, sensitive to the many and varied perspectives of scholarship on late Roman culture
• State-of-the-art essays by leading academics in this field

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

List of Figures

Notes on Contributors

Preface

Source Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

The Works of Augustine

Chronology of Augustine's Life

Chapter 1: Introduction

Part I: Contexts

Chapter 2: Political History

1 Introduction

2 An Empire Divided

3 Barbarians and Romans

4 The Shock of the New

5 Conclusion

Further Reading

Chapter 3: Cultural Geography

1 Introduction

2 Physical Geography and Settlement History

3 The Geography of Empire

4 The Geography of Everyday Life

5 Late Antiquity

Further Reading

Chapter 4: Religious Sociology

1 Introduction

2 The Category of “Christian”

3 Markers of Christian Identity

4 Questions of Principle

5 Internal Plurality and Contexts of Action

6 Conclusion: The Case of Nectarius

Further Reading

Part II: Confessions

Chapter 5: Spes Saeculi: Augustine's Worldly Ambition and Career

Further Reading

Chapter 6: Love and Belonging, Loss and Betrayal in the Confessions

1 The Rage of Juno

2 A Culture of Displaced Persons

3 “A wife with some money”

4 “She was the only one for me, and I was faithful to her”

5 “I recall him with no anxiety”

6 “She tried to win him for you”

7 “A total concentration of the heart”

8 A Separate Peace

Further Reading

Chapter 7: The Confessions as Autobiography

1 Introduction

2 The Interpretive Conundrum

3 The Theological Matrix

4 Time, Retrospect, and Truth

Further Reading

Chapter 8: Reading the Confessions

1 Introduction

2 The Confessions as Song

3 The Song and Its Hearers

4 A Song of Incompleteness

5 A Song of Unlikeness

6 Coda

Further Reading

Part III: Media

Chapter 9: Augustine and Language

1 Introduction

2 Word of God, Words of Man

3 Augustine's Styles

4 The Sondersprache Hypothesis

5 Conclusion

Further Reading

Chapter 10: Augustine's Information Circuits

1 Introduction

2 Networks of Communication in the Christian Empire in Augustine's Time

3 Social Networks and Communication: The Case of Augustine

4 Conclusion

Further Reading

Chapter 11: Augustine and Roman Public Spectacles

1 Introduction

2 Sources, Approaches, and Questions

3 Reading Select Sources: Challenges and Prospects

4 Conclusion

Further Reading

Chapter 12: Augustine and Books

1 Introduction

2 Books and Their Circulation in Roman Society

3 From Roll to Codex: An Alternative Form of the Book, New Ways of Reading

4 Christianity and Books

5 The Monastic Milieu: From Silent Reading to Lectio Divina

6 Conclusion: Augustine and the Transformation of Ancient Book Culture

Further Reading

Part IV: Texts

Chapter 13: Augustine and the Latin Classics

1 Introduction: Style and Substance

2 Augustine and the Latin Classics

3 Modes of Citation

4 Augustine in and above the Waters of Babylon

5 Conclusion

Further Reading

Chapter 14: Augustine and the Philosophers

1 Introduction

2 Augustine the Aristotelian? Soul and Body

3 Neo-Platonism: God and the Forms

4 Middle Platonism: Daemones

5 Stoicism: Developments on Many Fronts

6 Conclusion

Further Reading

Chapter 15: Augustine and the Books of the Manicheans

1 Introduction

2 The Manichean Church

3 The Manichean Books

4 Augustine's Knowledge of the Manicheans

5 Conclusion

Further Reading

Chapter 16: Augustine and Scripture

1 Introduction

2 The Character of Scripture

3 Divine Rhetorical Strategy

4 Love at the Center and the “Hermeneutics from Above”

5 God's Eyelids: The Plain and the Obscure

6 Literal Sense(s)

7 Temporal Dispensation and the “Hermeneutics from Below”

8 Conclusion: Knowing Scripture, Knowing Self

Further Reading

Chapter 17: Augustine and His Christian Predecessors

1 Introduction

2 Lesser Figures of the Canon

3 Marius Victorinus

4 Cyprian of Carthage

5 Ambrose of Milan

6 Greek Fathers

7 Origen of Caesarea

8 Commentaries on Romans

9 Conclusion

10 Further Reading

Chapter 18: Augustine as a Reader of His Christian Contemporaries

1 Introduction

2 Authors and Authorities

3 Critical Readings

4 Textual Communities

5 Conclusion

Further Reading

Chapter 19: Augustine among the Writers of the Church

1 Introduction

2 A Book without a Title

3 Christianity and the Professions

4 Chronicles of Literary History

5 From Chronicle to Confessions

6 Professing Scripture

7 Conclusion

Further Reading

Part V: Performances

Chapter 20: Philosopher: Augustine in Retirement

1 Introduction: Augustine Meets Philosophy

2 Philosophers and Their Students

3 The Bible as a Philosophic Text

4 Love of Wisdom and Lust for Philosophy: Augustine Meets the Manicheans

5 Community Life versus Sex, Money, and Status

6 Free at Last? Otium and Responsibility

7 Conclusion: Philosophy for All

Further Reading

Chapter 21: Conversationalist and Consultant: Augustine in Dialogue

1 Introduction

2 The Literary Dialogues: Genre and Form

3 The Cassiciacum Dialogues

4 Teacher–Student Talks: Dialogue as a Way to Cognition

5 The Criterion of Dialogue

6 Augustine in Dialogue with his Contemporaries

7 Conclusion

Further Reading

Chapter 22: Mystic and Monk: Augustine and the Spiritual Life

1 Introduction

2 Books of the Platonists

3 The Ascension Narratives of Confessions 7

4 Christian Contemplation at Ostia

5 Conclusion: Monasticism and Community

Further Reading

Chapter 23: Preacher: Augustine and His Congregation

1 Introduction

2 External Parameters

3 Theory

Further Reading

Chapter 24: Administrator: Augustine in His Diocese

1 Introduction

2 Augustine's Rules: The Januarius Affair

3 Augustine's Art of Household Management

4 Memoranda: The “Divjak” Letters

5 Maladministration: Augustine and Antoninus of Fussala

6 Conclusion: The Better Part

Further Reading

Chapter 25: Controversialist: Augustine in Combat

1 Introduction

2 The Rules of Engagement: Rhetorical Codes in Late Antique Controversy

3 Augustine's New Rules of Engagement

4 Conclusion: The “Force” of Augustine's Words

Further Reading

Part VI: Positions

Chapter 26: Augustine on the Will

1 Introduction

2 Absolute Resolution

3 Conversion Reframed

4 Dramatic Choices

5 Conclusion: Desire Encore

Further Reading

Chapter 27: Augustine on the Body

1 Introduction

2 Second Thoughts: Body, Soul, and Sin

3 Sin, Sex, and Death

4 Embodiment and Resurrection

5 Conclusion

Further Reading

Chapter 28: Augustine on Friendship and Orthodoxy

1 Friendship in Antiquity

2 Jerome and Augustine on Friendship

3 True Friends, or the Theory of Christian Friendship

4 Certain Enemies, or the Theory of Christian Enmity

5 Conclusion

Further Reading

Chapter 29: Augustine on the Church (Against the Donatists)

1 Introduction

2 Persecution and Schism

3 Augustine's Writings against the Donatists

4 411 CE

5 The Church and the World

6 The Church and the Sacraments

Further Reading

Chapter 30: Augustine on the Statesman and the Two Cities

1 Introduction

2 Macedonius

3 Faith, Hope, and Charity

4 Transforming Virtues

5 War and Peace

6 Neoplatonic Parallels

7 Conclusion

Further Reading

Chapter 31: Augustine on Scripture and the Trinity

1 Introduction

2 Author and Readers

3 Triads and Trinities

4 Mental Image and Inner Word

5 Inner Word and Offspring of the Mind

6 Scripture

Further Reading

Chapter 32: Augustine on Redemption

1 Introduction

2 Contemplation and Participation

3 Sacrament and Example

4 “We were in him”

5 Sacrifice

6 Justified by his Blood? On the Trinity 13

7 Toward Further Discussion

Further Reading

Part VII: Aftertimes

Chapter 33: Augustine's Works in Circulation

1 Introduction

2 The Dissemination of Augustine's Works during His Lifetime

3 Augustine's Works and the Library of Hippo

4 The Dissemination of Augustine's Works in the Early Middle Ages: From Hippo to Lorsch

5 Inauthentic Works

6 Textual Change

7 Editions

8 A History of Loss and Discovery

9 Conclusion

Further Reading

Chapter 34: Augustine in the Latin West, 430–ca. 900

1 Introduction

2 Augustine's Books

3 Augustine “as he lived among fellow men”

4 “The Rule of St. Augustine”

Further Reading

Chapter 35: Augustine in the Western Middle Ages to the Reformation

1 Introduction: Augustine in the Middle Ages

2 Approaches

3 Early Middle Ages

4 The High Middle Ages

5 The Later Middle Ages

6 The Renaissance and Reformation

Further Reading

Chapter 36: The Reception of Augustine in Modern Philosophy

1 Introduction

2 René Descartes

3 Max Scheler and Hannah Arendt

4 Edmund Husserl

5 Martin Heidegger

6 Ludwig Wittgenstein

7 Hans-Georg Gadamer

Further Reading

Chapter 37: Augustine and Postmodernism

1 Introduction

2 Jean-Luc Marion: Interior Meo Intimo

3 Heidegger: Terra Difficultatis

4 Derrida: Quid Ergo Amo, Cum Deum Amo?

5 Lyotard: Sero te Amavi

6 Conclusion

Further Reading

Chapter 38: Envoi

References

Index

Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World

This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical literature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises between twenty-five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers.

Ancient History

Published

A Companion to the Roman Army

Edited by Paul Erdkamp

A Companion to the Roman Republic

Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Robert Morstein-Marx

A Companion to the Roman Empire

Edited by David S. Potter

A Companion to the Classical Greek World

Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl

A Companion to the Ancient Near East

Edited by Daniel C. Snell

A Companion to the Hellenistic World

Edited by Andrew Erskine

A Companion to Late Antiquity

Edited by Philip Rousseau

A Companion to Ancient History

Edited by Andrew Erskine

A Companion to Archaic Greece

Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees

A Companion to Julius Caesar

Edited by Miriam Griffin

A Companion to Byzantium

Edited by Liz James

A Companion to Ancient Egypt

Edited by Alan B. Lloyd

A Companion to Ancient Macedonia

Edited by Joseph Roisman and Ian Worthington

A Companion to the Punic Wars

Edited by Dexter Hoyos

A Companion to Augustine

Edited by Mark Vessey

Literature and Culture

Published

A Companion to Classical Receptions

Edited by Lorna Hardwick and Christopher Stray

A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography

Edited by John Marincola

A Companion to Catullus

Edited by Marilyn B. Skinner

A Companion to Roman Religion

Edited by Jörg Rüpke

A Companion to Greek Religion

Edited by Daniel Ogden

A Companion to the Classical Tradition

Edited by Craig W. Kallendorf

A Companion to Roman Rhetoric

Edited by William Dominik and Jon Hall

A Companion to Greek Rhetoric

Edited by Ian Worthington

A Companion to Ancient Epic

Edited by John Miles Foley

A Companion to Greek Tragedy

Edited by Justina Gregory

A Companion to Latin Literature

Edited by Stephen Harrison

A Companion to Greek and Roman Political Thought

Edited by Ryan K. Balot

A Companion to Ovid

Edited by Peter E. Knox

A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language

Edited by Egbert Bakker

A Companion to Hellenistic Literature

Edited by Martine Cuypers and James J. Clauss

A Companion to Vergil's Aeneid and its Tradition

Edited by Joseph Farrell and Michael C. J. Putnam

A Companion to Horace

Edited by Gregson Davis

A Companion to Families in the Greek and Roman Worlds

Edited by Beryl Rawson

A Companion to Greek Mythology

Edited by Ken Dowden and Niall Livingstone

A Companion to the Latin Language

Edited by James Clackson

A Companion to Tacitus

Edited by Victoria Emma Pagán

A Companion to Women in the Ancient World

Edited by Sharon L. James and Sheila Dillon

A Companion to Sophocles

Edited by Kirk Ormand

A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East

Edited by Daniel Potts

This edition first published 2012 © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A companion to Augustine / edited by Mark Vessey; with the assistance of Shelley Reid.

p. cm. — (Blackwell companions to the ancient world)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4051-5946-3 (hardback : alk. paper)

1. Augustine, Saint, Bishop of Hippo. 2. Rome–History–Empire, 284-476. 3. Church history–Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600. I. Vessey, Mark. II. Reid, Shelley.

BR65.A9C59 2012

270.2092–dc23

2011046002

Memoriae

R. A. Markus

(1924–2010)

sacrum

List of Figures

3.1 Section of the Peutinger map of the Roman world

3.2 Remains of the Roman city of Cuicul (Djemila, Algeria)

3.3 Augustine's travels in Numidia and Africa Proconsularis

3.4 Mosaic of Lord Julius, from Carthage

11.1 Mosaic of chariot races in the circus, from Carthage

13.1 Mosaic of the poet Vergil and the Muses, from Hadrumetum (Sousse, Tunisia)

15.1 Leaf from a fragmentary papyrus codex from Egypt containing Mani's Epistles

15.2 Manichean scribes at work

15.3 Leaf from a Manichean psalm codex from Egypt

23.1 Tomb mosaic of Valentia, from the Chapel of the Martyrs, Thabraca (Tabarka, Tunisia)

33.1 Screenshot of page from Brepols' digital Library of Latin Texts

33.2Stemma codicum for the pseudo-Augustinian Collatio cum Pascentio

33.3 Opening lines of Augustine, Enarratio in Psalmum 29, in the critical edition of CSEL 93/1 Bed

33.4 Opening lines of Augustine, Enarratio in Psalmum 29, in a Carolingian codex

33.5 Last lines of Possidius' Indiculum in a twelfth-century manuscript

34.1 Late antique wall-painting of an author presumed to be Augustine

35.1 Augustine founds a monastery in Hippo and delivers a rule to his monks

38.1 Remains of Augustine's (formerly the Donatists') basilica at Hippo

38.2 Aerial view of modern Annaba (Algeria) and its hinterland

Notes on Contributors

Lewis Ayres is Bede Professor of Catholic Theology at Durham University, UK. He previously taught at Emory University, Atlanta. He is the author of Nicaea and Its Legacy (2006) and Augustine and the Trinity (2010). He is currently working on Christian exegetical method between 150 and 250 CE, and co-editing (with Angelo Di Beradino) The Cambridge Patrology.

Johannes Brachtendorf is Professor of Philosophy in the Department of Catholic Theology at the University of Tübingen, Germany. He is author of Die Struktur des menschlichen Geistes nach Augustinus: Selbstreflexion und Erkenntnis Gottes in De trinitate (2000) and of Augustins Confessiones (2006), and he has also published a translation with commentary on Augustine's De libero arbitrio (2006). He is editor of a bilingual Latin–German edition of Augustine's complete works. In 2002 he held the Augustinian Chair in the Thought of Saint Augustine at Villanova University.

Philip Burton is Reader in Latin and Early Christian Studies at the Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity, University of Birmingham, UK. He is the author of The Old Latin Gospels (2000) and of Language in the Confessions of Augustine (2007), and he has translated Augustine's Confessions for the Everyman Library (2001). He is currently engaged on an edition of the manuscript and of citational evidence for the Old Latin text of John's Gospel.

Sarah Byers is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Boston College, Massachusetts, specializing in Augustine and Hellenistic philosophy. She is the author of a monograph on Perception, Sensibility, and Moral Motivation in Augustine (forthcoming) and of a chapter on Augustine's City of God for the Cambridge Critical Guides series, as well as of articles in the Journal of the History of Philosophy, the Review of Metaphysics, and Augustinian Studies.

Michael Cameron is Associate Professor of Historical Theology at the University of Portland in Oregon and was the inaugural Thomas F. Martin Saint Augustine Fellow at Villanova University, Pennsylvania in 2010. He is the author of Christ Meets Me Everywhere: How Augustine Learned to Read the Old Testament Figuratively (2012). Besides articles in Studia Patristica, Augustinian Studies, and the Augustinus-Lexikon, he has published work in post-Holocaust Christian theology and is Latin Patristics editor for the Encyclopedia of the Bible and Its Reception.

John D. Caputo is the Thomas J. Watson Professor of Religion Emeritus at Syracuse University, New York and the David R. Cook Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Villanova University, Pennsylvania. He is a specialist in continental philosophy and religion and in what is sometimes called postmodern theology. His latest books include Philosophy and Theology (2006), The Weakness of God: A Theology of the Event (2006), What Would Jesus Deconstruct? (2007), and (with Gianni Vattimo) After the Death of God (2007).

Gillian Clark is Professor Emerita of Ancient History at the University of Bristol, UK and a former research fellow of Somerville College, Oxford. She co-edits the series Oxford Early Christian Studies and Translated Texts for Historians 300–800. Her own publications include Women in Late Antiquity (1993), Christianity and Roman Society (2004), and A Very Short Introduction to Late Antiquity (2011). Her current project is a commentary on Augustine's City of God.

Catherine Conybeare is Professor of Classics at Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania, where she also serves as Director of the Graduate Group in Archaeology, Classics, and History of Art. Her publications include Paulinus Noster (2000) and The Irrational Augustine (2006). Her new book, The Laughter of Sarah (forthcoming), examines the place of delight in the Judeo-Christian interpretative tradition.

Kate Cooper is Professor of Ancient History at the University of Manchester, UK. Her work on gender and family in late antiquity includes the monographs The Virgin and the Bride: Idealized Womanhood in Late Antiquity (1996), The Fall of the Roman Household (2007), and a book for the general reader, Early Christian Women (forthcoming).

Robert Dodaro is President and Professor at the Istituto Patristico “Augustinianum” in Rome, Italy, where he is also Professor of Patristic Theology at the Pontifical Lateran University. He is the author of Christ and the Just Society in the Thought of Augustine (2004) and co-editor-in-chief of the Augustinus-Lexikon.

Mark Edwards is Tutor in Theology at Christ Church, Oxford, and Lecturer in Patristics for the Theology Faculty of Oxford University, UK. His books include Culture and Philosophy in the Age of Plotinus (2006) and Catholicity and Heresy in the Early Church (2009).

Alexander Evers is Assistant Professor in Classical Studies and Ancient History at the John Felice Rome Center of Loyola University Chicago, Illinois and is also attached to the Istituto Patristico “Augustinianum” in Rome. He previously taught at the University of Utrecht. He is the author of Church, Cities and People: A Study of the Plebs within the Church and Cities of Roman Africa in Late Antiquity (2010) and director of an international project on the Collectio Avellana.

Paula Fredriksen is Aurelio Professor Emerita at Boston University, Massachusetts and Distinguished Visiting Professor of Comparative Religion at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Besides her translation of Augustine's two early commentaries on Paul's Epistle to the Romans, Augustine on Romans (1982), she has published From Jesus to Christ (1988, 2000), Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews (2000), Augustine and the Jews (2010), and, most recently, Sin: The Early History of an Idea (2012).

Therese Fuhrer has held Chairs of Latin at the Universities of Trier, Zurich, Freiburg (Germany), and, since 2008, at the Freie Universität of Berlin. She has published a number of papers and book chapters on topics ranging from early and Hellenistic Greek poetry through republican and Augustan poetry and prose to Augustine. She is currently engaged in a number of research projects in the fields of Neronian and Flavian literature and of late antiquity.

Caroline Humfress is Reader in History in the Department of History, Classics, and Archaeology at Birkbeck College, University of London, UK. She is the author of Orthodoxy and the Courts in Late Antiquity (2007), as well as of various essays and articles on late Roman law and society. She is currently working on the Cambridge Comparative History of Ancient Law (with David Ibbetson and Patrick Olivelle) and on a Leverhulme-funded project, Laws' Empire.

David G. Hunter holds the Cottrill-Rolfes Chair in Catholic Studies at the University of Kentucky, Lexington. He is the author of Marriage, Celibacy, and Heresy in Ancient Christianity: The Jovinianist Controversy (2007) and the editor, with Susan Ashbrook Harvey, of the Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Studies (2008). A former president of the North American Patristics Society, he is currently director of The Fathers of the Church translation series.

Christopher Kelly is a Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, UK. His books include Ruling the Later Roman Empire (2004), The End of Empire: Attila the Hun and the Fall of Rome (2009), and, as co-editor with Richard Flower and Michael Stuart Williams, Unclassical Traditions, Volume I: Alternatives to the Classical Past in Late Antiquity (2010) and Volume II: Perspectives from East and West in Late Antiquity (2011).

John Peter Kenney is Professor of Religious Studies at Saint Michael's College, Vermont. He was previously Professor of Religion and Humanities at Reed College. He is the author of Mystical Monotheism: A Study in Ancient Platonic Theology (1991), The Mysticism of Saint Augustine: Rereading the Confessions (2005), and Contemplation and Classical Christianity (forthcoming).

William E. Klingshirn is Professor of Greek and Latin at the Catholic University of America, Washingon, DC. His books include Caesarius of Arles: The Making of a Christian Community in Late Antique Gaul (1994), The Limits of Ancient Christianity: Essays on Late Antique Thought and Culture in Honor of R. A. Markus (1999), edited with Mark Vessey, and The Early Christian Book (2007), edited with Linda Safran. He is currently writing a book on diviners and divination in the Roman Empire.

Conrad Leyser is Fellow and Tutor in History at Worcester College, Oxford, UK. He is the author of Authority and Asceticism from Augustine to Gregory the Great (2000). He is currently working on the development of patristic authority in the early medieval Latin West to ca. 1100.

Richard Lim is Professor of History at Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, where he teaches the history of the ancient Mediterranean and of the Near East. He is the author of Public Disputation, Power, and Social Authority in Late Antiquity (1995) and editor, with Carole Straw, of The Past Before Us: The Challenge of Historiographies of Late Antiquity (2004). He is currently completing a book on the reception of public spectacles during the later Roman Empire.

Sabine MacCormack is Professor of History and Classics at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana. She works on the Roman Empire, late antiquity, and the Spanish Empire in the Americas during early modernity. In recent years she has written about the impact of Roman thought and culture in the works of Augustine of Hippo – in The Shadows of Poetry: Vergil in the Mind of Augustine (1998) – and about the role of the classical and patristic heritage in the formulation of religious and cultural policies in the Spanish Empire – in On the Wings of Time: Rome, the Incas, Spain and Peru (2007).

Neil B. McLynn is University Lecturer in Later Roman History at the University of Oxford, UK and a fellow of Corpus Christi College. Previously he taught in the Faculty of Law, Keio University, Japan. He is the author of Ambrose of Milan (1994) and of Christian Politics and Religious Culture in Late Antiquity (2009).

Hildegund Müller is Associate Professor in the Department of Classics at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana and a former employee of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, for which she worked on the Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum Latinorum. She has edited Augustine's Enarrationes in Psalmos 51–60 for CSEL and has published on Augustinian sermons and Latin late antiquity.

James J. O'Donnell is Professor of Classics and Provost at Georgetown University, Washington, DC. He is the author of Cassiodorus (1979), Augustine: Confessions (Text and Commentary, 3 vols., 1992), Avatars of the Word: From Papyrus to Cyberspace (1998), Augustine: A New Biography (2005), The Ruin of the Roman Empire (2008), and Pagans (forthcoming).

Stefan Rebenich is Professor of Ancient History and the Classical Tradition in the Department of History at the University of Bern, Switzerland. His recent publications include Jerome (2002) and Theodor Mommsen: Eine Biographie (2002, 2007). He is currently working on Cyril of Alexandria's Contra Iulianum and on the correspondence between Theodor Mommsen and Friedrich Althoff.

Éric Rebillard is Professor of Classics and History at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. He is author of In hora mortis: Évolution de la pastorale chrétienne de la mort aux IVe et Ve siècles dans l'Occident latin (1994) and of Religion et sépulture: L'église, les vivants et les morts dans l'antiquité tardive (IIIe–Ve siècles) (2003), which has been published in English as The Care of the Dead in Late Antiquity (2009). He is editor, with Claire Sotinel, of Les Frontières du profane dans l'antiquité tardive (2010), and is currently working on Everyday Christianity in Late Antiquity: Being Christian in North Africa, AD 150–450.

Eric L. Saak is Professor of Church History and Head of the Department of Theology, Philosophy, and Religious Studies at Liverpool Hope University, UK. He has published numerous studies in the areas of Augustine's reception and influence in the later Middle Ages and early Reformation, including High Way to Heaven: The Augustinian Platform between Reform and Reformation, 1292–1524 (2002) and Creating Augustine: Interpreting Augustine and the Augustinian Tradition in the Later Middle Ages (2012).

Danuta Shanzer has taught at the University of Manchester in England, at the University of California at Berkeley, at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She is currently Professor of Late Antique and Medieval Latin at the University of Vienna, Austria, specializing in the Latin literature of late antiquity and the early Middle Ages and in the religious and social history of these periods. She has published on Augustine's Confessions, his Cassiciacum dialogues, and letters.

Claire Sotinel is Professor of Roman History in the Department of History at the Université Paris Est Créteil, France. She is author of Identité civique et christianisme: Aquilée du IIIe au VIe siècle (2005) and of Church and Society in Late Antiquity and Beyond (2010), and editor, with Éric Rebillard, of Les Frontières du profane dans l'antiquité tardive (2010). She is preparing a book on the changing role of information in late antiquity.

Guy G. Stroumsa is Professor of the Study of the Abrahamic Religions and Fellow of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, UK, and Martin Buber Professor of Comparative Religion Emeritus at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel. His latest publications include The End of Sacrifice: Religious Transformations of Late Antiquity (2009) and A New Science: The Discovery of Religion in the Age of Reason (2010).

R. S. O. Tomlin has taught at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and in England, at the University of Kent at Canterbury, at Durham University, and most recently at Oxford University, where for many years he taught courses in Classics and Roman History that were based on Augustine's Confessions. He is also editor of Roman Inscriptions of Britain.

Johannes van Oort, formerly of Utrecht University, is currently Professor of Patristics and Gnosticism at the Radboud University Nijmegen in the Netherlands and Visiting Professor at the University of Pretoria, South Africa. He has published some 25 books and innumerable articles, mainly on patristic subjects (especially Augustine) and on Gnostic-Christian Manicheism. Recently he was presented with the festschrift “In Search of Truth”: Augustine, Manichaeism and Other Gnosticism: Studies for Johannes van Oort at Sixty (2011).

Mark Vessey is Professor of English and Principal of Green College at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver. His books include The Limits of Ancient Christianity: Essays on Late Antique Thought and Culture in Honor of R. A. Markus (1999), edited with William E. Klingshirn, Augustine and the Disciplines: From Cassiciacum to Confessions (2005), edited with Karla Pollmann, and Latin Christian Writers in Late Antiquity and Their Texts (2005).

Clemens Weidmann is employed as a researcher for the Kirchenväterkommission of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, for which he has edited Augustine's Enarrationes in Psalmos 1–32 in the Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum Latinorum. He is also one of the editors of the newly rediscovered Erfurt collection of sermons by Augustine and author of several articles on the manuscript tradition of the latter's works.

James Wetzel is Professor of Philosophy at Villanova University, Pennsylvania and the Augustinian Chair in the Thought of Saint Augustine. His publications include Augustine and the Limits of Virtue (1992), Augustine: A Guide for the Perplexed (2010), and, as editor, a volume on Augustine's City of God in the Cambridge Critical Guides series. He is broadly interested in the Augustinian transformation of Platonism and its implications for philosophical piety.

Michael Stuart Williams is Lecturer in Ancient Classics at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth. His publications include Authorised Lives: Christian Biography Between Eusebius and Augustine (2008), and, as co-editor with Christopher Kelly and Richard Flower, two volumes of essays, Unclassical Traditions, Volume I: Alternatives to the Classical Past in Late Antiquity (2010) and Volume II: Perspectives from East and West in Late Antiquity (2011).

Preface

The credit for recognizing that the time had come for a Companion to Augustine in a series devoted to Ancient History is Al Bertrand's. If this volume comes near his expectations, it will be because contributors from across the fields of ancient and medieval history, classics, patristics, philosophy, theology, and literature were willing, temporarily and in varying degrees, to relinquish the freedoms of their own research agenda and personal scholarly style for the sake of a broad, collaborative, footnote-free presentation of the subject. I thank them all warmly for their good humor in compliance. A project such as this one may well begin, like the young Augustine, with a vision of the Beautiful and the Fitting. For it to come to fulfilment, it requires a more prodigal distribution of the Gift of Perseverance than he, in another context, was finally able to imagine. For keeping the editor's eye on the target and the book on time, I am gratefully indebted to Haze Humbert and Galen Young at Wiley-Blackwell, and to Hazel Harris at Wordstitch. Warm thanks go as well to Manuela Tecusan (copy-editor) and Kate Mertes (indexer), whose skills and erudition were compounded in both cases by unfeigned enthusiasm for the material in hand. Shelley Reid was once again the ideal fellow editor: magnas ei gratias ago atque habeo. Financial and administrative support for the project was provided by the Faculty of Arts and Green College at the University of British Columbia, and by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada under its Canada Research Chairs Program.

M.V.

Source Acknowledgments

The editor and publisher gratefully acknowledge the permission granted to reproduce the copyright material in this book:

Chapter 4

Expositions of the Psalms 1-32 (III/15) and 33-50 (III/16), John E. Rotelle, O.S.A. (ed.) Trans. Maria Boulding, O.S.B. Works of Saint Augustine, A Translation for the 21st Century. New City Press 2000. Excerpts from En.Ps. 26 (2); En. Ps. 34 (1); En. Ps. 40; and En. Ps. 50. Reproduced by permission of Augustinian Heritage Institute, New City Press.

Sermons 51-94 (III/3), Sermons 184-229Z (III/6), Sermons 273-305A (III/8), Sermons 306-340A (III/9), and Sermons 341-400 (III/10), Translated by Edmund Hill, O.P. Works of Saint Augustine, A Translation for the 21st Century. New City Press 1997. Excerpts from Sermon 62; Sermon 198; Sermon 199; Sermon 286; Sermon 301A; Sermon 335D; and Sermon 361. Reproduced by permission of Augustinian Heritage Institute, New City Press.

Passage reprinted from Poetics 31, no. 5–6, from Bernard Lahire, “From the Habitus to an Individual Heritage of Dispositions: Towards a Sociology at the Level of the Individual,” 329–355, copyright (2003), with permission from Elsevier.

Chapter 5

Confessions by Saint Augustine, translated by Henry Chadwick (1991), the following extracts 1.9.14, 1.16.26, 2.3.7, 2.3.8, 3.4.7, 4.3.5, 4.14.23, 5.6.10-11, 5.7.13, 5.8.14, 5.13.23, 6.3.3, 6.6.9, 6.11.18, 6.11.19, 6.15.25, 7.7.18, 7.20.26, 8.3.7, 8.5.10, 8.6.13, 8.6.15, 8.7.17, 8.8.19, 8.12.30, 9.2.2, 9.11.28 (sum total words: 913). By permission of Oxford University Press.

Chapter 7

Confessions by Saint Augustine, translated by Henry Chadwick (1991), the following extracts 1.1.1, 3.4.8, 4.14.23, 5.2.2, 5.13.23, 7.10.16, 8.1.2, 8.5.10, 8.7.17, 8.12.29, 10.1.1, 11.7.9, 11.15.20, 11.30.40, 12.13.16, 13.15.16, 13.29.44 (sum total words: 684). By permission of Oxford University Press.

Chapter 11

Confessions by Saint Augustine, translated by Henry Chadwick (1991), the following extracts 3.1.1–3.2.2, 3.2.2, 6.8.13 (sum total words: 462). By permission of Oxford University Press.

Chapter 16

Saint Augustine, On Christian Teaching, translated by R. P. H. Green (1997) (sum total words: 239). By permission of Oxford University Press.

Chapter 18

Letters 1-99 (II/1), Translation, Introduction and Notes by Roland J. Teske, S.J. Works of Saint Augustine, A Translation for the 21st Century. New City Press 2001. Excerpts from Ep. 24; Ep. 25; Ep. 27; Ep. 28; Ep. 68; Ep. 72; Ep. 73; Ep. 81; and Ep. 82. Reproduced by permission of Augustinian Heritage Institute, New City Press.

Letters 100-155 (II/2), Translation, Introduction and Notes by Roland J. Teske, S.J. Works of Saint Augustine, A Translation for the 21st Century. New City Press 2003. Excerpts from Ep. 143; Ep. 147; and Ep. 158. Reproduced by permission of Augustinian Heritage Institute, New City Press.

Letters 211-270 (II/4), Translated by Roland J. Teske, S.J. Works of Saint Augustine, A Translation for the 21st Century. New City Press 2005. Excerpt from Ep. 223. Reproduced by permission of Augustinian Heritage Institute, New City Press.

Chapter 22

Confessions by Saint Augustine, translated by Henry Chadwick (1991), the following extracts 7.10.16, 7.17.23, 7.20.26, 7.20.26, 9.10.23–24, 9.10.25 (sum total words: 1683). By permission of Oxford University Press.

Chapter 27

Approximately 465 words (p. 515, 575, 966, 1057, 1061, 1606, 1076, 1086) from City of God by St. Augustine, translated by Henry Bettenson, introduction by G. R. Evans (first published in Pelican Books 1972, reprinted in Penguin Classics 1984, reissued Penguin Classics 2003). Translation copyright © Henry Bettenson, 1972. Chronology, Introduction, Further Reading copyright © G R Evans, 2003. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books Ltd.

St. Augustine: The Literal Meaning of Genesis, Volumes 1 and 2, translated and annotated by John Hammond Taylor, SJ. Copyright © 1982 by Rev. Johannes Quasten and Rev. Walter J. Burghardt, SJ and Thomas Comerford Lawler. Paulist Press, Inc., Mahwah, NJ. Reprinted by permission of Paulist Press, Inc. www.paulistpress.com

Chapter 32

St. Augustine: On the Trinity, translated by Stephen McKenna. The Catholic University of America Press, 1963. Trin. 4.1.3, Trin. 4.2.4, Trin. 4.3.6, Trin. 4.7.11, Trin. 13.19.24. Reprinted by permission of the Catholic University of America Press.

Abbreviations

For abbreviations of titles of individual works by Augustine, see the separate lists (next chapter).

Titles of ancient and medieval works by authors other than Augustine are given in full at their first appearance in a chapter and thereafter abbreviated in a way that should be readily intelligible.

Biblical abbreviations are listed separately in this section.

Other abbreviations – for reference works, series of critical editions and translations, collections of documents, and scholarly periodicals – are expanded below; in cases where editors' or translators' names are included, fuller information will be found in the References. For continuing series, only the current publisher is listed.