A Companion to Greek Architecture E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Serie: Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1593

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016

Beschreibung

A Companion to Greek Architecture provides an expansive overview of the topic, including design, engineering, and construction as well as theory, reception, and lasting impact. * Covers both sacred and secular structures and complexes, with particular attention to architectural decoration, such as sculpture, interior design, floor mosaics, and wall painting * Makes use of new research from computer-driven technologies, the study of inscriptions and archaeological evidence, and recently excavated buildings * Brings together original scholarship from an esteemed group of archaeologists and art historians * Presents the most up-to-date English language coverage of Greek architecture in several decades while also sketching out important areas and structures in need of further research

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Preface

List of Illustrations

Glossary

List of Maps

Notes on Contributors

Introduction

REFERENCES

PART I: Invention, Design, and Construction

CHAPTER 1: Landscape and Setting

Approaches

Physical Geography

Climate and Microclimate

Ground Cover and Zoning

From Relief to Landscape

Agriculture, Gardens, and Groves

Mineral Resources

Ancient Responses: Affective, Artistic, and Architectural

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 2: Early Greek Temples

From the House of Rulers to the House of the Gods

The Emergence of the Greek Temple: Protogeometric Cult Buildings

The Birth of the Panhellenic Sanctuaries and the Development of the Temples

Altars, Cult Bases, Votives, and Dining Facilities

The Early Use of the Peristyle

The Peristyle in the Early Archaic period

The Temple of Apollo at Soros

Temples as

Hestiatoria

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 3: Monumentality and Foreign Influence in Early Greek Temples

Monumental Scale

Peristyle

Stone Construction

Tile Roofs

Architectural Orders

Moldings

Foreign Influence: Egypt and the Near East

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 4: Origins and Design of Terracotta Roofs in the Seventh Century BCE

Introduction

The First Terracotta Roof Systems

Tile Manufacture and Technical Innovation

Conclusions

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 5: The Greek East

The Major Works

The Kroisos Temple

The Tunnel of Eupalinos

Intercultural Context

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 6: The Greek West

Introduction

The Geometric and Orientalizing Periods

The Early and Middle Archaic Periods

The Late Archaic Period

The Early Classical Period

The High Classical Period

The Late Classical and Hellenistic Periods

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 7: The Use of Geometry by Ancient Greek Architects

Geometry in Greece

Practical Applications in Greek Architectural Design

Tools and Drawings

Examples of Geometry in Use

Vitruvius’ Use of the Greek Tradition of Applied Geometry

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 8: How Buildings Were Constructed

Literary Sources and Building Inscriptions

Monumental Building Practices

Construction Materials

Quarrying and Transportation of Building Materials

Site Preparation and Foundations

Wall Construction

The Arch

Architectural Design

Refinements

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

PART II: Temples and Sanctuaries

CHAPTER 9: “Internationalism” in Architecture

History and Topography of Olympia

Architecture at Olympia

Foundation I: The Treasury of Sikyon

Foundation II: The Treasury of Syracuse

Foundation IV: The Treasury of Epidamnos

Foundation IX: The Treasury of Selinous

Foundation X: The Treasury of Metapontum

Foundation XI: The Treasury of Megara

Foundation XII: The Treasury of Gela

Unattributed Architectural Elements

Philippeion

Internationalism at Olympia

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 10: Prestige in Greek Sanctuaries

Introduction

Prestige: The Story So Far

The Structure Itself

The Space around the Structure

The Experience of the Structure Over Time

Conclusions

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 11: The Periclean Acropolis

The Persian War and the Acropolis

Ruins as Monuments: The Acropolis North Wall

The Propylaia and the Temple of Athena Polias

The Mycenaean Era and the Periclean Acropolis

The Archaic Tradition of Procession

Non‐Processional Uses of the Ionic Order

Ionic as Direct Address to the City

The Monumental Effect of the Periclean Acropolis

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 12: Color and Carving

Color

Relief Sculpture

Sculpture in the Round

The Parthenon

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 13: Attic Sanctuaries

Geography and Politico‐Spatial Organization

Panathenian Sanctuaries

Deme Sanctuaries

Conclusions

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 14: Inscribing Construction

Introduction

Building by Committee

Syngraphai

Works in Progress

Accounting

Inscriptions: Paper, Chisel, and Stone

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 15: The Interiors of Greek Temples

Light in the Interiors

Organization of Space

The Articulation and Placement of Interior Columns

Interior Stairs, Attics, and Basements

Cult Images

Reflecting Pools

Paintings and Votive Statues

Furnishings

Dedicated Vessels, Money, and Gold

Temples as Museums

Security

Rituals inside Temples

Visitors

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 16: Scale, Architects, and Architectural Theory

Scale Representation, Vision, and Architects

Construction Phases of the Didymaion

Theory, Nature, and Architecture

Metrology and Modularity in the Didymaion

Scale and Planning

Architects and Theory

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

PART III: Civic Space

CHAPTER 17: Urban Planning and Infrastructure

Urban Planning

Stoas

Roads and Streets

Water Supply and Fountains

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 18: Protection and Trade

Early Greek Walled Cities

Circuits and Masonry Techniques in the Archaic Period

Transition in Design of Circuits in the Classical Period

The Late Classical Period on the Greek Mainland

Hellenistic Fortifications

Harbors

Ship Sheds

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 19: The Architecture of Greek Houses

Construction and Materials

Houses and the Urban Environment

The Planning and Layout of the Greek House

Developments in the Late Classical and Hellenistic Periods

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 20: Hellenistic Royal Palaces

Basileia

The Palace at Vergina

The Palace at Pella

Alexander’s Mobile Palace: the “Tent of One Hundred Couches”

The Palace at Alexandria

The Ptolemaic River Boat Palace

The Palace at Demetrias

The Palace at Pergamon

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 21: The Greek Agora

Origins

City Planning and Urban Design

Stoas

Fountains and Water

Civic Life and Politics

Commerce

Cult, Religion, and Festivals

Athletic Competition

Military Activity

Memorial Display and Public Honors

Conclusions

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 22: Athletics

Introduction

Footraces: Dromos and Stadion

Training and Wrestling: Gymnasia and Palaistrai

Equestrian Events: the Hippodrome

Conclusions

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 23: Greek Baths

Introduction

History of the Study of Greek Baths

Early Greek Baths

Western Greek Baths

Greek Baths in Egypt

Later Hellenistic Baths in Greece

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 24: Bouleuteria and Odeia

Bouleuteria

Odeia

Two Athenian Odeia

Enigmatic Buildings

Setting

Seating Capacity

Roofing

Summary

Further Research

Compendium

Appendix: Recently Excavated and/or Published Bouleuteria/Odeia

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 25: The Greek Theater

Form: Space, Plan, and Design

Function: Use and Purpose

Economy, Geometry, and Multiplicity: Moving beyond Dramatic Performance

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 26: Commemorating the Dead

Grave Markers

Tombs and Tomb Paintings

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

PART IV: Reception

CHAPTER 27: The Spread of Greek Architecture

Pre‐Hekatomnid Caria

Pre‐Hekatomnid Labraunda

Hekatomnid Caria

The Hekatomnid Sanctuary at Labraunda

Andron B

North Stoa

Temple

Andron A

Oikoi

South and East Propyla

Doric Building, “Magazine Building,” and East Stoa

Architectural Significance and Impact

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 28: Pergamon and Pergamene Influence

Pergamon and Its Phases of Construction

The Pergamene Aesthetics of Space

The Royal District

The Great Altar

Pergamene Architecture outside Pergamon

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 29: New Directions in Hellenistic Sanctuaries

The Offset Axis: The Sanctuary of Athena Lindia, Rhodes

The Bent Axis: The Sanctuary of Asklepios at Kos

The Intentionally Circuitous: The Sanctuary of the Great Gods on Samothrace

Smaller‐Scale Urban and Suburban Precincts: Priene, Megalopolis, and Pergamon

Hellenistic Interventions in the Old Sanctuaries: Stoas and Votive Monuments

Hellenistic Directions in Sacred Architectural Sculpture

Responses to the Larger Hellenistic World: The Sanctuaries of Foreign Gods and Sanctuaries in Foreign lands

Conclusions

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 30: Three Seaside Wonders

Seven Sights or Seven Wonders?

The Mausoleum of Halikarnassos (circa 350

BCE

)

The Colossus of Rhodes

The Lighthouse of Alexandria

A Wonderful Afterlife

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 31: From Hellenistic to Roman Architecture

Chronology

Geography and Culture

Materials and Techniques

Architectural Type and Style

Patronage and Purpose

Theory and Meaning

FURTHER READING

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 32: Hellenistic Architecture in Italy: Consuetudo Italica

The Late Republic

The Power Culture of Senatorial Patronage

Public Patronage in Rome

Patronage: Centralized and Dispersed, Senatorial and Municipal