A Companion to Heritage Studies E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Serie: Blackwell Companions to Anthropology
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1493

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

A Companion to Heritage Studies BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY A Companion to Heritage Studies "This Companion provides a gateway to heritage studies for students and scholars alike. Taken together, the essays testify to how exciting and dynamic this field has become." Valdimar Tr. Hafstein, University of Iceland "Interdisciplinary and international in scope, A Companion to Heritage Studies succeeds in bringing together critical and practical, historicizing and future-oriented scholarship on what has become an all-pervasive global interest and industry, passion and resource." Regina F. Bendix, Göttingen University, Germany "A vast and complete overview of the contemporary challenges of heritage preservation and management. This is an important book for practitioners, planners, and policy makers. The Companion fills a gap and helps address many of the uncomfortable questions heritage preservation is facing today." Francesco Bandarin, Special Advisor to UNESCO for Heritage and Professor, University Iuav of Venice A Companion to Heritage Studies is a comprehensive, state-of-the-art survey of the interdisciplinary study of cultural heritage. Featuring a substantial framework-setting essay by the editors, and contributions from an international array of scholars, including some with extensive experience in heritage practice through UNESCO, the World Heritage Centre, ICOMOS and national heritage systems, this Companion offers a cutting-edge guide to this emergent and increasingly important field that is global in scope, cross-cultural in focus, and critical in approach. The selected essays have been innovatively organized into three sections on the expansion, use and abuse, and the recasting of heritage. The Companion covers all of the key themes in research, including old and new outlooks on cultural heritage and its management, heritage as a form of cultural politics, the emergence of critical heritage studies, the role of heritage in times of rapid change and conflict, heritage in environmental protection, the rise of intangible heritage, museums and digital heritage, World Heritage and tourism, and heritage ethics and human rights. A Companion to Heritage Studies will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars of anthropology, archeology, and cultural studies, as well as anyone interested in better understanding the historical, social, and political significance of heritage.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title page

List of Figures and Tables

Notes on Contributors

Acknowledgements

List of Abbreviations

CHAPTER 1: The New Heritage Studies: Origins and Evolution, Problems and Prospects

Expanding Heritage

Using and Abusing Heritage

Recasting Heritage

The New Heritage Studies: Paradigms and Challenges

References

PART I: Expanding Heritage

CHAPTER 2: Heritage Places: Evolving Conceptions and Changing Forms

Touching Eternity: Heritage Places as Tokens of Faith

Belonging to a Nation: Heritage Places as Objects of State Power

Escaping from Everyday Routines: Heritage Places as Entertainment Venues

Asserting Independence: Heritage Places as Symbolic Resistance

Grasping for Meaning: Heritage Places as Reactions to Change

References

CHAPTER 3: From Folklore to Intangible Heritage

Identification and Mapping

Institutionalization and Networking

Knowledge Transfer and Manipulation

Translation and Knowledge Transfer

A Change of Paradigm

Folklore Overboard with a Paradigm Preserved

Acknowledgements

References

CHAPTER 4: Cultural Heritage and Intellectual Property: Convergence, Divergence, and Interface

Some Definitions

Convergence

Divergence

Interface

Two Hundred Years Late: Emerging from Imperial Shadows

Cultural Heritage and Collective Intellectual Property Rights

Human Rights for Cultural Heritage and Intellectual Property

References

CHAPTER 5: Intangible Heritage and Embodiment: Japan’s Influence on Global Heritage Discourse

The International Convention on Intangible Heritage in Context

Japan and the Safeguarding of Its Intangible Heritage: Modernization, Heritage, and National Identity

Constructing the Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention of 2003

Problematizing Intangible Heritage

Reflections: Heritage and Embodiment

References

CHAPTER 6: The Politics of Heritage in the Land of Food and Wine

Introduction

Defining Food Heritage

Anthropological Expertise and the Politics of Scaling

Distinction and Heritage: A Claim for Authenticity and Ecology

“Make Do” rather than Preserve

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 7: (Re)visioning the Ma’ohi Landscape of Marae Taputapuatea, French Polynesia: World Heritage and Indigenous Knowledge Systems in the Pacific Islands

Introduction

Traditional Knowledge and Its Protection in the Pacific Islands

World Heritage Values in the Pacific

Transnational Values and the International Significance of Marae Taputapuatea

The Traditional Knowledge of Papa Maraehau

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 8: The Kingdom of Death as a Heritage Site: Making Sense of Auschwitz

The Historical Background

Making Sense of Auschwitz: The Challenges of a Dissonant, Contested Heritage

Post-1989: New Challenges, New Negotiations

Multiple Narratives and Alternative Histories

Contradictions and Paradoxes

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 9: The Memory of the World and its Hidden Facets

Introduction

The UNESCO Memory of the World Programme

The Heritage of Humanity

The Documentary Heritage of Humanity

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 10: African Indigenous Heritage in Colonial and Postcolonial Museums: The Case of the Batwa of Africa’s Great Lakes Region

Museums and Indigenous People

Batwa Pygmies, or the Contested Indigenous in the Great Lakes of Africa

Batwa Heritage and Great Lakes Museums

Cultural Heritage Policy and Indigenous Rights in Rwanda

Give Me What Is Mine: African Indigenous People and the Politics of Repatriation

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

PART II: Using and Abusing Heritage

CHAPTER 11: Valuing the Past, or, Untangling the Social, Political, and Economic Importance of Cultural Heritage Sites

The Exceptionality of Grand-Pré

The Economics of Tourism

An Uncommon Union

References

CHAPTER 12: Cultural Heritage under the Gaze of International Tourism Marketing Campaigns

Introduction

Heritage Inconsequence

From Heritage Tourism to Emotional Tourism

Tourism Imaginaries

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 13: Heritagescaping and the Aesthetics of Refuge: Challenges to Urban Sustainability

Addressing the Community

Urban Futures, and the View from Asia

Coffee Table Architecture and Urban Gentrification

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

CHAPTER 14: Cultural Heritage as a Strategy for Social Needs and Community Identity

Social Needs and Human Motivation

Heritage and Belonging

Heritage Conflicts: Negotiating Legitimacy and Esteem

Heritage as a Social Need in an Institutionalized Environment

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

CHAPTER 15: Heritage in the Digital Age

The Potential of Digital Technologies

Digital Heritage Applications

Discussion

References

CHAPTER 16: World Heritage and National Hegemony: The Discursive Formation of Chinese Political Authority

A Nation’s Preoccupation with World Heritage

World Heritage and Nation-Building

Re-Defining China with World Heritage

World Heritage as Social Discipline

Mapping the Silk Road: Battles over Heritage in Kashgar

The Powerful Nation

References

CHAPTER 17: War Museums and Memory Wars in Contemporary Poland

Background: War Heritage in Postsocialist Europe

The Polish War Heritage Landscape and Memory Wars

The Museum of the Warsaw Uprising

The Gdańsk Museum of World War II Project

References

CHAPTER 18: Heritage in an Expanded Field: Reconstructing Bridge-ness in Mostar

An Expanded Field of Enquiry

Permeability and the Agency of Destruction

Affective Landscapes: Materiality and Space

Representational Politics

Narrative Emplacement, Symbolic Forgetting

Reassembling Authenticity, Reanimating Memory

Memory Ecologies

References

CHAPTER 19: Heritage Under Fire: Lessons from Iraq for Cultural Property Protection

Heritage Under Fire

Iraqi Heritage under Occupation, 2003–2011

The Legacy of Iraq for Cultural Property Protection during Times of War

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 20: The Intentional Destruction of Heritage: Bamiyan and Timbuktu

The Bamiyan Buddhas of Afghanistan

The Destruction of Tangible and Intangible Heritage in Mali

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

CHAPTER 21: Heritage and the Politics of Cultural Obliteration: The Case of the Andes

José María Arguedas: The Politics of

Mestizaje

Guayaquil and its Modern Heritage

Conclusion: Cultural Heritage in the Andes

References

PART III: Recasting Heritage

CHAPTER 22: The Economic Feasibility of Heritage Preservation

Every Crisis Harbors an Opportunity

What, if Anything, Does World Heritage Status Bring?

What Constitutes an Enabling Environment for Heritage Preservation?

How Can We Enhance the Robustness of the Cultural Heritage Preservation System?

What Types of Partnership and Financing Are There for Cultural Heritage Preservation?

Conclusion: The Costs Precede the Benefits

References

CHAPTER 23: UNESCO and Cultural Heritage: Unexpected Consequences

Evolving World Heritage Concepts

Changes in the Role of Experts

The Growing Involvement of Civil Society

Unexpected Consequences

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 24: The Limits of Heritage: Corporate Interests and Cultural Rights on Resource Frontiers

Introduction

Contentious Terrain: Heritage, Resources, and Rights

Industry Engagement with Heritage

New Expectations and Demands on Heritage Bodies

Heritage and Development Scenarios: Limits and Opportunities

Closing Comments

Acknowledgements

References

CHAPTER 25: Indigenous Peoples’ Rights and the World Heritage Convention

Introduction

Heritage Sites and Indigenous Peoples: Relevant Human Rights Standards

Obligations and Commitments of UNESCO and the UN System

Lack of Implementation of the UNDRIP in the Context of the World Heritage Convention

Conclusions and Assessment

References

CHAPTER 26: UNESCO, the World Heritage Convention, and Africa: The Practice and the Practitioners

Introduction

Setting the Stage: UNESCO’s Historical Background

It’s about Heritage: A Theoretical Framework

Politics, International Relations, and Heritage

The World Heritage Convention: Origins, Practice, and Inherent Contradictions

Hidden beneath the Convention: Challenges and Opportunities for Practice and Practitioners

Changing Dynamics, Paradigm Shift, or Temporary Truce?

The Power of Heritage

Conclusion: Africa, the World Heritage Convention, and the Future

References

CHAPTER 27: World Heritage Sites in Africa: What Are the Benefits of Nomination and Inscription?

Heritage and Development

Heritage and Tourism

The Contribution of Heritage to Development

Infrastructural Development at the Tsodilo Hills

The Great Zimbabwe World Heritage Site

Job Creation at the Cradle of Humankind and Other Sites

Twyfelfontein

Kilwa Kisiwani

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 28: Heritage in the “Asian Century”: Responding to Geopolitical Change

Questioning the East/West Binary

Asia’s Global Impact on the Heritage Field

Distinctive Asian Heritage Thought and Practice

Critical Issues for Asian Heritage in Twenty-First Century

Conclusion: Communicating Asian Heritage Ideas

Acknowledgements

References

CHAPTER 29: (Re-)Building Heritage: Integrating Tangible and Intangible

Authorized Heritage Discourse

Reframing Heritage

Symbiotic Heritage

Heritage and a Sense of Place

The New Heritage Paradigm: Implications and Challenges

References

CHAPTER 30: The Elephant in the Room: Heritage, Affect, and Emotion

Emotional Heritage: Registers of Engagement

Emotion in Heritage and Museum Studies

Moving Away from Suspicion: Affect, Emotion and Heritage

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 31: Cross-Cultural Encounters and “Difficult Heritage” on the Thai–Burma Railway: An Ethics of Cosmopolitanism rather than Practices of Exclusion

Conventional Approaches to Heritage and Identity

The Development of More Pluralist Understandings of Heritage

Encounters at the JEATH Museum

Weary Dunlop Peace Park: Contemporary Cross-Cultural Encounters

Acknowledgements

References

CHAPTER 32: Heritage and Cosmopolitanism

A Cosmopolitan Perspective

Cosmopolitan Heritage Rights

Multi-Scalar Approaches

Final Thoughts

References

CHAPTER 33: “Putting Broken Pieces Back Together”: Reconciliation, Justice, and Heritage in Post-Conflict Situations

Justice, Accountability, and Reconciliation

Post-Conflict Heritage and Narrative Construction

Representing the Khmer Rouge in Post-Conflict Cambodia

Contested Narratives of Responsibility and Victimhood: Heritage in Post-War Japan

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 34: Achieving Dialogue through Transnational World Heritage Nomination: The Case of the Silk Roads

A Dynamic World Heritage Convention

Transnational Nominations: A Challenge

The Silk Roads: A Shared Heritage

Toward the Silk Roads Nomination

The Way Forward

Acknowledgements

References

CHAPTER 35: World Heritage: Alternative Futures

Introduction

Considering the Future

Alternative Futures

Eurocentrism and Global Balance

Inflation and Credibility

Inclusion and Rights

Supporting Conservation

Concluding Remarks

References

CHAPTER 36: Challenges for International Cultural Heritage Law

Introduction

The International Community, Common Heritage, and International Cooperation

Individuals, Groups, and Human Rights

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 37: The New Heritage Studies and Education, Training, and Capacity-Building

Closing the Knowledge Gaps

Strengthening Ethical Considerations

Education, Training, and Capacity-Building: “Horses for Courses”

Institutional Frameworks and Activities: UNESCO and the Advisory Bodies

Institutional Frameworks and Activities: The World Heritage Capacity Building Strategy

Institutional Frameworks and Activities: UNESCO, Schools, Universities, and Category 2 Centres

Challenges for the Future

References

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 12

Table 12.1 Comparison of the key narrative elements in the scripts of

Incredible India 2009–2011

and

Perú 2012

.

Chapter 27

Table 27.1 The contribution of various industries to European GDP.

Table 27.2 Tourism-related employment at the Cradle of Humankind.

Chapter 28

Table 28.1 States Parties to the Intangible Heritage Convention (2003) having the most elements inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, February 2014.

Table 28.2 States Parties to the World Heritage Convention (1972) having the most inscriptions on the World Heritage List, July 2014.

Chapter 37

Table 37.1 Different audiences and learning areas in the heritage sector. Source: Wijesuriya, Thompson, and Young (2013: 51). © UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS, IUCN.

List of Illustrations

Chapter 07

Figure 7.1 Marae Taputapuatea, Ra’iatea Island, French Polynesia.

Figure 7.2 Romy Tavaeari’i, “Papa Maraehau,” at Marae Taputapuatea, November 2007.

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1 Today in Rwanda, the majority of Batwa are still potters.

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1 View of Grand-Pré and the Grand-Pré National Historic Site.

Figure 11.2 Evangeline statue and memorial church.

Chapter 13

Figure 13.1 Industrial warehouses transformed into heritage/art precinct District 798, Beijing.

Figure 13.2 Restoration of housing in Galle Fort.

Figure 13.3 Restoration of housing in Galle Fort.

Figure 13.4 Reconstruction of public infrastructure inside Galle Fort.

Chapter 14

Figure 14.1 Maslow’s hierarchy of social needs. Source: adapted from Huitt (2007) and Maslow (1943).

Figure 14.2 Altaian girl dressed up as the Altai Princess during the biennial El-Oiuyn national festival.

Chapter 18

Figure 18.1 The Stari Most (Old Bridge), Mostar.

Chapter 20

Figure 20.1 Large Buddha niche, Bamiyan.

Figure 20.2 Results of the consolidation of the Small Buddha niche, Bamiyan, 2005.

Figure 20.3 Conservation of fragments of the Large Buddha, Bamiyan, 2006.

Figure 20.4 Ceremony for the start of the restoration of a mausoleum, Timbuktu, 2014.

Chapter 27

Figure 27.1 World Heritage sites contributing to economic growth.

Figure 27.2 A Tsodilo homestead in 1998.

Figure 27.3 The results of World Heritage tourism: a homestead near Tsodilo in 2011.

Figure 27.4 Lodges at Twyfelfontein.

Figure 27.5 The World Heritage site of Kilwa Kisiwani.

Chapter 29

Figure 29.1 The “dual trajectories” of heritage.

Figure 29.2 A symbiotic concept of heritage.

Figure 29.3 The environmental heritage spectrum.

Figure 29.4 National Museum of the American Indian, Washington.

Figure 29.5 Scottish Parliament, Edinburgh.

Chapter 31

Figure 31.1 The JEATH Museum, with its transnational image clearly represented in the range of flags on display.

Figure 31.2 The “Bridge on the River Kwai,” Kanchanaburi.

Figure 31.3 View of the text explaining the Weary Dunlop Peace Park.

Figure 31.4 Australian school choir singing as part of the memorial service for Kanit’s wife.

Figure 31.5 The interactive nature of the ceremony to assuage the spirits of the dead: three of surviving POWs thank Buddhist monks for their prayers with offerings of rice.

Figure 31.6 Wreaths from the ANZAC Day ceremony 2012 at the Kanchanaburi Commonwealth War Graves Cemetery.

Chapter 33

Figure 33.1 Display board in the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum showing the organizational structure of the Khmer Rouge leadership.

Figure 33.2 Photos of Khmer Rouge soldiers killed by the regime on display amongst photos of civilian victims of the Khmer Rouge in the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum.

Figure 33.3 Photos of victims of the Khmer Rouge on display in the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum.

Chapter 34

Figure 34.1 Training in the use of the Silk Roads Cultural Heritage Resource Information System and architectural heritage recording, Chor Bakr, Uzbekistan.

Figure 34.2 The Silk Roads management system.

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

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The Blackwell Companions to Anthropology offer a series of comprehensive syntheses of the traditional subdisciplines, primary subjects, and geographic areas of inquiry for the field. Taken together, the series represents both a contemporary survey of anthropology and a cutting edge guide to the emerging research and intellectual trends in the field as a whole.

1. A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology, edited by Alessandro Duranti

2. A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics edited by David Nugent and Joan Vincent

3. A Companion to the Anthropology of American Indians, edited by Thomas Biolsi

4. A Companion to Psychological Anthropology, edited by Conerly Casey and Robert B. Edgerton

5. A Companion to the Anthropology of Japan, edited by Jennifer Robertson

6.A Companion to Latin American Anthropology, edited by Deborah Poole

7. A Companion to Biological Anthropology, edited by Clark Larsen

8. A Companion to the Anthropology of India, edited by Isabelle Clark-Decès

9. A Companion to Medical Anthropology, edited by Merrill Singer and Pamela I. Erickson

10. A Companion to Cognitive Anthropology, edited by David B. Kronenfeld, Giovanni Bennardo, Victor de Munck, and Michael D. Fischer

11. A Companion to Cultural Resource Management, edited by Thomas King

12. A Companion to the Anthropology of Education, edited by Bradley A.U. Levinson and Mica Pollack

13. A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body and Embodiment, edited by Frances E. Mascia-Lees

14. A Companion to Paleopathology, edited by Anne L. Grauer

15. A Companion to Folklore, edited by Regina F. Bendix and Galit Hasan-Rokem

16. A Companion to Forensic Anthropology, edited by Dennis Dirkmaat

17. A Companion to the Anthropology of Europe, edited by Ullrich Kockel, Máiréad Nic Craith, and Jonas Frykman

18. A Companion to Border Studies, edited by Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan

19.A Companion to Rock Art, edited by Jo McDonald and Peter Veth

20. A Companion to Moral Anthropology, edited by Didier Fassin

21. A Companion to Gender Prehistory, edited by Diane Bolger

22. A Companion to Organizational Anthropology, edited by D. Douglas Caulkins and Ann T. Jordan

23. A Companion to Paleoanthropology, edited by David R. Begun

24. A Companion to Chinese Archeology, edited by Anne P. Underhill

25. A Companion to the Anthropology of Religion, edited by Janice Boddy and Michael Lambek

26. A Companion to Urban Anthropology, edited by Donald M. Nonini

27. A Companion to the Anthropology of the Middle East, edited by Soraya Altorki

28. A Companion to Heritage Studies, edited by William Logan, Máiréad Nic Craith and Ullrich Kockel

Forthcoming

A Companion to Oral History, edited by Mark Tebeau

A Companion to Dental Anthropology, edited by Joel D. Irish and G. Richard Scott

A Companion to South Asia in the Past, edited by Gwen Robbins Schug and S.R. Walimbe