A Companion to Kierkegaard E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Serie: Blackwell Companions to Philosophy
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1349

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

A COMPANION TO KIERKEGAARD

“‘Companions’ to important thinkers help readers focus on the main drift of their texts with the help of a dig into their origin and some account of their reception. This one digs deeper, and over a wider terrain, than most. But it does more. Besides guiding us to the staples of theology and philosophy in Kierkegaard’s background, it also looks forward to a future, as if Kierkegaard, too, might be taken by the arm and told that here was something that should interest him (about politics, social life, psychology, education, literary theory, deconstruction, theatre). It is as much a sign of the extraordinary richness of Kierkegaard’s literary palette as of the now wide currency of his thought that its elements can become topics in their own right, with Kierkegaard their inspiration. Jon Stewart and his authors are to be congratulated for bringing this unique thinker into our living presence on such a scale and with so many things to talk about.”

Alastair Hannay, Professor Emeritus, University of Oslo

Born in Copenhagen in 1813, Søren Kierkegaard produced a remarkable amount of work during his fairly short life. When he died in 1855 he left behind a complex and interdisciplinary legacy that continues to spark academic debate. Edited by one of the world’s leading Kierkegaard scholars, A Companion to Kierkegaard provides the most comprehensive single-volume overview of Kierkegaard studies currently available. Featuring contributions from an international array of scholars, the collection covers all the major topics within the broad field of Kierkegaard research, including philosophy, theology, aesthetics, art, literary theory, social sciences, and politics. Kierkegaard’s contribution to each of these disciplines is illustrated through examination of the sources he drew upon, the reception of his ideas, and the unique conceptual insights he brought to each topic.

A Companion to Kierkegaard demystifies the complex field of Kierkegaard studies providing the ideal entry-point into his writing for readers at all levels. This collection will be an essential tool for students and scholars from across the disciplines who are interested in learning more about this important and influential thinker.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Notes on Contributors

Acknowledgments

Chronology of Kierkegaard’s Works

List of Abbreviations

Editor’s Introduction

Part I: Philosophy

A. Sources

1 A Shimmering Socrates

1.1 Socrates in

The Concept of Irony

1.2 Shades of Socrates:

Either/Or

and

Fear and Trembling

1.3 Socrates as Faithful Philosopher:

Fragments

and

Postscript

1.4 A Brief Conclusion

Cross-references

References

2 Kierkegaard’s Use of German Philosophy

2.1 Leibniz: Modality, Freedom, and Faith

2.2 The Pantheism Controversy: Jacobi, Lessing, and the Leap

2.3 Kant’s “Honest Way”

2.4 J.G. Fichte: Subjectivity, Imagination, and Ethics

2.5 Conclusion

Cross-references

References

3 Kierkegaard’s View of Hegel, His Followers and Critics

3.1 G.W.F. Hegel

3.2 The Right Hegelians: Marheineke, Daub, Erdmann, Rosenkranz, Hotho, Werder

3.3 The Left Hegelians: Feuerbach, Bruno Bauer, Strauss

3.4 The Hegel Critics: Baader, I.H. Fichte, Schopenhauer, Trendelenburg, Schelling

3.5 Conclusion

Cross-references

References

4 Kierkegaard’s Relations to Danish Philosophy of the Golden Age

References

B. Reception

5 Kierkegaard and Existentialism

5.1 The Kierkegaardian Self as Synthesis

5.2 The Unintegrated Self and Kierkegaardian Despair

5.3 The Unintegrated Self and Sartrean Bad Faith

5.4 Kierkegaardian Anxiety

5.5 Anxiety in the Existential Tradition

5.6 Kierkegaard on the Look of the Other

5.7 Sartre and the Vulnerability of Being Looked At

5.8 Kierkegaard and the Divine Other

5.9 Kierkegaard and Autonomous Dependence

5.10 Autonomous Autonomy among Existentialists

Cross-references

References

6 Postmodernism and Deconstruction

6.1 Deconstruction vs. Postmodernism

6.2 Repetition

6.3 Writing and Subjectivity

6.4

Aufhebung

and Deconstruction

6.5 Sacrifice of the Other

6.6 The Promise

Cross-references

References

C. Concepts and Contributions

7 Kierkegaard’s Views on Normative Ethics, Moral Agency, and Metaethics

7.1 Normative Ethics: Virtue Ethics, Deontology, and Beyond

7.2 Moral Agency and Moral Psychology: Selfhood and Despair

7.3 The Source of Moral Obligations: Moral Constructivism, Realism, and Theological Voluntarism

7.4 Conclusion

Cross-references

References

8 Kierkegaard’s Skepticism

8.1 The Limits of Knowledge

8.2 The Idea of a New Science

8.3 The Categories of Becoming

8.4 Subjective Truth and the Content of Christian Faith

Cross-references

References

Part II: Theology and Religious Studies

A. Source

9 Kierkegaard and Biblical Studies

9.1 Kierkegaard’s Critique of Contemporary Interpretive Traditions

9.2 Kierkegaard’s Hermeneutic Alternative

9.3 Conclusion

Cross-references

References

10 Grace and Rigor in Kierkegaard's Reception of the Church Fathers

10.1 The Fathers and the Incarnation in Kierkegaard

10.2 Sin and Grace in Kierkegaard’s Treatment of the Fathers

10.3 Christian Rigor and Compromise with the World

10.4 Conclusion

Cross-references

References

11 Kierkegaard’s Mystical and Spiritual Sources

11.1 Rheno-Flemish Mysticism and

Devotio Moderna

11.2 Post-Reformation Catholic and Reformed Spiritual Literature

11.3 Conclusion

Cross-references

References

12 Kierkegaard's Appropriation and Critique of Luther and Lutheranism

12.1 Justification by Grace and the Anguished Conscience

12.2 The Third Use of the Law

12.3 Incarnation and

Kenosis

12.4 The Church and the Civil Order

12.5 Conclusion

Cross-references

References

13 Shapers of Kierkegaard’s Danish Church

13.1 Beginnings

13.2 Jacob Peter Mynster

13.3 Nicolai Frederik Severin Grundtvig

13.4 Hans Lassen Martensen

13.5 Endings

Cross-references

References

B. Reception

14 From Barth to Tillich

14.1 Karl Barth (1886–1968)

14.2 Emil Brunner (1889–1966)

14.3 Rudolf Bultmann (1884–1976)

14.4 Paul Tillich (1886–1965)

14.5 Conclusion

Cross-references

References

15 Other Lutheran Theologians Responding Contextually to Kierkegaard

15.1 German National Lutheran Theologians

15.2 Scandinavian Lutheran Theologians

15.3 Contemporary German Lutheran Theologians

15.4 Conclusion

Cross-references

References

16 Catholicism

16.1 “Catholicism” in Kierkegaard’s Authorship

16.2 The Catholic Reception of Kierkegaard

16.3 Conclusion

Cross-references

References

C. Concepts and Contributions

17 Kierkegaard as Existentialist Dogmatician

Kierkegaard on Systematic Theology, Doctrine, and Dogmatics

17.1 Systematic Theology

17.2 Doctrine

17.3 Dogmatics

17.4 Conclusion: Kierkegaard as “Dogmatician”

Cross-references

References

18 Biblical Variations

18.1

Philosophical Fragments

: Is an Algebraic Little Announcement “more than enough”?

18.2

Practice in Christianity

: This is “the story of his life. It can be told in more than one way”

Cross-references

References

19 Rethinking Religion Existentially

19.1 Kierkegaard: A Classic of the Philosophy of Religion?

19.2 Faith beyond the Limits of Pure Reason: Is Kierkegaardian Faith Irrational?

19.3 “The Unknown”: Apophatical Theology and Negative Dialectic in Kierkegaard’s Thinking

19.4 “Tremble, because you are immortal”

Cross-references

References

Part III: Aesthetics, the Arts, and Literary Theory

A. Source

20 Kierkegaard’s Use of German Literature

20.1 The Older Generations: Lessing, Hamann, Lichtenberg, and Goethe

20.2 Kierkegaard’s Criticism of Romantic Irony

20.3 Other German Contemporaries

Cross-references

References

21 Kierkegaard and the Aesthetics of the Danish Golden Age

21.1 Aesthetics and The Danish Golden Age

21.2 Kierkegaard and Heiberg

21.3 Kierkegaard’s Departure from Heiberg … A New Aesthetics?

Cross-references

References

B. Reception

22 Literature and (Anti-)Humanism

22.1 Kierkegaard’s Existential Story in a World of Intertextuality

1

22.2 Creative Writing in Kierkegaard’s Wake

22.3 Kierkegaard’s Existential Story between Humanism and Anti-Humanism

Cross-references

References

23 Kierkegaard’s Influence on Literary Criticism and Theory

23.1 Irony

23.2 Repetition

23.3 Silence

23.4 In Conclusion: Exceptions

Cross-references

References

C. Concepts and Contributions

24 Existence and the Aesthetic Forms

24.1 Critic of Aesthetic Culture

24.2 The Requalification of Sensuality

24.3 The “Representative” Relation

24.4 The Drama of Seduction

Cross-references

References

25 Kierkegaard’s Theatrical Aesthetic from Repetition to Imitation

25.1 A Comment on “Performance” and “Theatrics”

25.2 “An Actor Against His Will”: Kierkegaard’s Theatrical Age

25.3 The Theatricality of Repetition, Reflection, and Recollection

25.4 The Theatrics of Character and Imitation

25.5 Conclusion

Cross-references

References

Part IV: Social Sciences and Politics

A. Source

26 Politics, Society, and Theology in Golden Age Denmark

26.1 1848

26.2 Martensen

26.3 Grundtvig

26.4 History

26.5 The Moment

26.6 Identity

26.7 The Common Man

26.8 The Individual

Cross-references

References

27 Reflections on Late Modernity

27.1 The Teleological Demotion of the Religious

27.2 Mobilizing the Pseudonyms

27.3 Kierkegaard’s Account of the “Present Age”

27.4 How the “Present Age” Ends

27.5 The “Unrecognizable One”

Cross-references

References

B. Reception

28 Between Anthropology, Sociology, and Psychology

28.1 Kierkegaard between the Lines

28.2 …Between Psychologies…

28.3 …Between Anthropology and Sociology…

28.4 The Insider/Outsider Self: Kierkegaard’s Reception between the Lines

28.5 Conclusions: Reading Kierkegaard as Insider/Outsider

Cross-references

References

29 Kierkegaard’s Social-Political Posterity

29.1 The Left-Wing Collage

29.2 The Feminist Milieu

29.3 The African-American Voices

29.4 The Conservative and Far-Right Vistas

29.5 The American-Jewish Diaspora

29.6 Conclusions

Cross-references

References

C. Concepts and Contributions

30 Kierkegaard’s Conception of Psychology

30.1 Psychology between Philosophy and Theology

30.2 From Life-View to Existence: Subjectivity and Negativity

30.3 Anxious Choices: Alienation and Affectivity

30.4 Troubled Reality: Imagination and Suffering

30.5 Conclusion: The Strength of a Fragile Mind

Cross-references

References

31 Kierkegaard and the Limits of Philosophical Anthropology

31.1 Kierkegaard and Philosophical Anthropology

31.2 Methodological Preliminaries

31.3

Fear and Trembling

31.4

Philosophical Fragments

31.5

Concluding Unscientific Postscript

31.6

The Sickness unto Death

31.7 Kierkegaard and Philosophical Anthropology Revisited

31.8 Conclusion

Cross-references

References

32 Prolegomena for Thinking of Kierkegaard as a Social and Political Philosopher

32.1 Kierkegaard’s Historical Political Contributions

32.2 Postconventional Identity as Kierkegaard’s Social and Political Thought

32.3 A Politics of Difference as Kierkegaard’s Social and Political Thought

32.4 Religious Teleology as Kierkegaard’s Social and Political Thought

32.5 Prolegomena to a Constructive Interpretation of Kierkegaard’s Social and Political Thought

Cross-references

References

33 Making Kierkegaard Relevant to Education Today

33.1 Early Educational Treatments

33.2 Kierkegaard and Educational Depth

33.3 Renewal of Engagement

33.4 Kierkegaard and Twenty-First-Century Educational Perspectives

33.5 Conclusion

References

Index

End User License Agreement

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

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A Companion to Kierkegaard

Edited by Jon Stewart

A Companion to Kierkegaard

Edited by

Jon Stewart

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Notes on Contributors

Stephen Backhouse is Lecturer in Social and Political Theology at St Mellitus College, London. He has written a number of books and articles on Kierkegaard, history, politics, and national identity and is the author of Kierkegaard’s Critique of Christian Nationalism (Oxford University Press, 2011).

Christopher B. Barnett is Assistant Professor and Director of Graduate Programming in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at Villanova University, Pennsylvania. In addition to a variety of articles and book chapters, he is the author of two books: Kierkegaard, Pietism and Holiness (Ashgate, 2011) and From Despair to Faith: The Spirituality of Søren Kierkegaard (Fortress Press, 2014).

Lee C. Barrett is Professor of Theology at Lancaster Theological Seminary. He is the author of Kierkegaard in the Foundations of Theology series (Abingdon Press, 2010) and Eros and Self-Emptying: Intersections of Augustine and Kierkegaard (William B. Eerdmans, 2013). He has been a frequent contributor to The International Kierkegaard Commentary and Kierkegaard Research: Sources, Reception and Resources.

Daniel Conway is Professor of Philosophy and Humanities and Affiliate Professor of Religious Studies at Texas A&M University. He is the author of three books and the editor (or co-editor) of thirteen volumes, including Søren Kierkegaard: Critical Assessments of Leading Philosophers (Routledge, 2002) and Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling: A Critical Guide (Cambridge University Press, 2014).

István Czakó is Associate Professor at the Department of Philosophy at the Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Hungary. He earned a licentia in philosophy, PhD in theology, and habilitation in philosophy. His most recent book is Geist und Unsterblichkeit: Grundprobleme der Religionphilosophie und Eschatologie im Denken Søren Kierkegaards (Walter de Gruyter, 2014).

Iben Damgaard is Professor in Ethics and Philosophy of Religion with special obligations in the field of Søren Kierkegaard Studies, University of Copenhagen. She is the author of “Mulighedens Spejl – Forestilling, fortælling og Selvforhold hos Kierkegaard og Ricœur” (PhD thesis, University of Copenhagen, 2005) and At lege fremmed med det kendte: Kierkegaards gendigtninger af bibelske figurer (Anis, 2008).

Roe Fremstedal is Professor at the Department of Philosophy, University of Tromsø, Norway. He is the author of Kierkegaard and Kant on Radical Evil and the Highest Good (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014) and has published in journals such as Kantian Review, Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook, Religious Studies, and Journal of Religious Ethics.

Darío González is External Lecturer in Philosophy and Aesthetics at the University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Humanities, and at the University of Roskilde, Denmark, Department of Culture and Identity. He has for many years been a guest researcher at the Søren Kierkegaard Research Center. He is the co-editor of Escritos de Søren Kierkegaard (Trotta, 2000–10).

Joachim Grage is Professor for Modern Scandinavian Literatures and Cultures at the University of Freiburg, Germany. His recent publications deal with the relationship between German and Scandinavian literatures, the interrelations of literature and music, and literary practices in Scandinavia around 1900. He is co-editor of the Deutsche Søren Kierkegaard Edition.

Timothy Hall is Director of Academics at Thales Academy in North Carolina. He is the author of several textbook supplements, curriculums, standards, and several popular history texts including The Complete Idiot’s Guide to World History (Penguin, 2nd edn 2012) and The Complete Idiot’s Guide to the Middle Ages (Penguin, 2009). He is the course administrator of the MOOC on Kierkegaard at Coursera entitled “Søren Kierkegaard: Subjectivity, Irony and the Crisis of Modernity.” His recent research focuses on the philosophy of Kierkegaard and non-cognitive education.

Poul Houe is Professor at the University of Minnesota. His recent publications include Anthropology and Authority: Essays on Søren Kierkegaard, co-edited (Rodopi, 2000), August Strindberg and the Other: New Critical Approaches, co-edited (Rodopi, 2002), Søren Kierkegaard and the Word(s): Essays on Hermeneutics and Communication, co-edited (C.A. Reitzel, 2003), and En anden Andersen—og andres: Artikler og foredrag (C.A. Reitzel, 2006).

Jacob Howland is McFarlin Professor of Philosophy at the University of Tulsa. He is the author of Plato and the Talmud (Cambridge University Press, 2011), Kierkegaard and Socrates: A Study in Philosophy and Faith (Cambridge University Press, 2006), The Paradox of Political Philosophy: Socrates’ Philosophic Trial (Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), and The Republic: The Odyssey of Philosophy (Twayne, 1993).

Carl Henrik Koch, now retired, was Associate Professor in Philosophy at the University of Copenhagen from 1966 to 2007. He has published extensively on Danish philosophy from the Reformation to the twentieth century, including two books on Kierkegaard’s use of aesthetic categories, and most recently a book on Isaac Newton.

Nathaniel Kramer is Associate Professor of Comparative Arts and Letters at Brigham Young University, Utah. His research areas include modernism, memory studies, and trauma studies, as well as the work of Søren Kierkegaard and H.C. Andersen, and Golden Age Denmark more generally. He has published on Villy Sørensen, H.C. Andersen, Søren Kierkegaard, and Johan Ludvig Heiberg.

David R. Law is Professor of Christian Thought and Philosophical Theology at the University of Manchester. Among his publications are Kierkegaard as Negative Theologian (Oxford University Press, 1993) and Kierkegaard’s Kenotic Christology (Oxford University Press, 2013) He has also published articles on Kierkegaard in the International Kierkegaard Commentary and Kierkegaard Research: Sources, Reception and Resources.

J.D. Mininger teaches literature and philosophy at Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania, LCC International University, Lithuania, and the University of Bologna, Italy. He has edited several volumes of essays, including Politics Otherwise: Shakespeare as Social and Political Critique (Rodopi, 2012), and is editor (with Leonidas Donskis) of the Brill (formerly Rodopi) Value Inquiry Book Series: Philosophy, Literature, Politics.

Marius Timmann Mjaaland is Professor at the University of Oslo. His monograph Autopsia (De Gruyter, 2008) was awarded and recognized for its analysis of the relationship between Kierkegaard and Derrida, with particular emphasis on questions of theory and methodology. He has published numerous articles on continental philosophy, the history of philosophy, political and systematic theology, and the philosophy of religion. Since 2006 he has been President of the Norwegian Søren Kierkegaard Society.

Jack Mulder, Jr. is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Hope College. He is the author of Kierkegaard and the Catholic Tradition: Conflict and Dialogue (Indiana University Press, 2010) and other works on Kierkegaard, theology, and ethics.

Simon D. Podmore of Liverpool Hope University is author of Kierkegaard and the Self Before God: Anatomy of the Abyss (Indiana University Press, 2011) and Struggling with God: Kierkegaard and the Temptation of Spiritual Trial (James Clarke, 2013). His interests lie in the interfaces between theology, philosophy, and the study of religions.

René Rosfort is a postdoctoral fellow at the Søren Kierkegaard Research Centre, University of Copenhagen. His research deals primarily with the relation between emotions and personhood from the combined perspective of philosophy and psychiatry, and he takes a particular interest in Kant, Kierkegaard, psychopathology, and natural science.

Peter Šajda is Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Philosophy of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. He is co-editor of Kierkegaard Research: Sources, Reception and Resources and Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook. He has published widely on Kierkegaard’s spiritual sources and influence on Germanophone philosophy and theology.

Heiko Schulz teaches Systematic Theology and Philosophy of Religion at Goethe-Universität Frankfurt. His research areas include Søren Kierkegaard (co-editor of Deutsche Søren Kierkegaard Edition, Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook, and Monograph Series) and modern philosophy of religion. His recent publications include Aneignung und Reflexion II: Studien zur Philosophie und Theologie Søren Kierkegaards (De Gruyter, 2014) and Religion und Irrationalität: Historisch-systematische Perspektiven, co-editor (J.C.B. Mohr, 2013).

K. Brian Söderquist is Lecturer at the Danish Institute for Study Abroad in Copenhagen, and Instructor at the University of Copenhagen Faculty of Theology. He has served as Co-General Editor of the new translation of Kierkegaard’s Journals and Notebooks, published by Princeton University Press.

Leo Stan is currently a sessional Assistant Professor in the Department of Humanities, York University, Canada. His research and academic interests are related to existentialism, the phenomenology of religion, political philosophy, literature, aesthetics, and trauma studies.

Jon Stewart is Associate Professor at the Søren Kierkegaard Research Centre, University of Copenhagen. He is the editor of the series Kierkegaard Research: Sources, Reception and Resources, Texts from Golden Age Denmark, and Danish Golden Age Studies. He is the co-editor of the Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook and Kierkegaard Studies Monograph Series.

Timothy Stock is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Salisbury University in Maryland. His research interests lie at the intersection of phenomenology, performance theory, and aesthetics, especially where relevant to questions of religion and ethics. He has a special interest in the relationship between ethics, deception, and humor.

Curtis L. Thompson is Professor of Religion and Director of the Dietrich Honors Institute at Thiel College in Greenville, Pennsylvania. He has contributed publications to the Søren Kierkegaard research program, especially to Kierkegaard Research: Sources, Reception and Resources, and to the conversation on the relationship between religion and science.

J. Michael Tilley is a Content Specialist at ACT, Inc. He has had academic appointments as a House Foundation Fellow at St. Olaf College and as an Assistant Professor at Georgetown College.

Jamie Turnbull is an independent scholar, and an editor of the journal Acta Kierkegaardiana. He is interested in Kierkegaard’s methodology of indirect communication, and the relationship between Kierkegaard as understood in his immediate historical content and how he is portrayed in contemporary philosophical debates.

Acknowledgments

The present collection represents the collective work of a number of people. I wish to acknowledge the outstanding help of Katalin Nun, who spent many hours editing the electronic files of the articles in order to bring them into line with the required guidelines. I also extend my gratitude to Liam Cooper, Associate Commissioning Editor at Wiley-Blackwell, for his constant supervision and assistance with this project. I gratefully acknowledge the efforts of Sally Cooper, who helped with the correspondence with the authors. Finally, I am thankful to a number of people for their assistance with the introduction to this volume: Lee Barrett, István Czakó, Darío González, David Law, Katalin Nun, Simon Podmore, Kyle Roberts, Peter Šajda, Heiko Schulz, Brian Söderquist, and Curtis Thompson. Without the efforts of all of these people, this volume would never have been possible.