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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
- Serie: Blackwell Companions to Literature and Culture
- Sprache: Englisch
A COMPANION TO THE GLOBAL RENAISSANCE An innovative collection of original essays providing an expansive picture of globalization across the early modern world, now in its second edition A Companion to the Global Renaissance: Literature and Culture in the Era of Expansion, 1500-1700, Second Edition provides readers with a deeper and more nuanced understanding of both macro and micro perspectives on the commercial and cross-cultural interactions of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Covering a uniquely broad range of literary and cultural materials, historical contexts, and geographical regions, the Companion's varied chapters offer interdisciplinary perspectives on the implications of early modern concepts of commerce, material and artistic culture, sexual and cross-racial encounters, conquest and enslavement, social, artistic, and religious cross-pollinations, geographical "discoveries," and more. Building upon the success of its predecessor, this second edition of A Companion to the Global Renaissance radically extends its scope by moving beyond England and English culture. Newly-commissioned essays investigate intercultural and intra-cultural exchanges, transactions, and encounters involving England, European powers, Eastern kingdoms, Africa, Islamic empires, and the Americas, within cross-disciplinary frameworks. Offering a complex and multifaceted view of early modern globalization, this new edition: * Demonstrates the continuing global "turn" in Early Modern Studies through original essays exploring interconnected exchanges, transactions, and encounters * Provides significantly expanded coverage of global interactions involving England, European powers such as Portugal, Spain, and The Netherlands, Eastern empires such as Japan, and the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires * Includes a Preface and Afterword, as well as a revised and expanded Introduction summarizing the evolving field of Global Early Modern Studies and describing the motifs and methodologies informing the essays within the volume * Explores an array of new subjects, including an exceptional woman traveler in Eurasia, the Jesuit presence in Mughal India and sixteenth-century Japan, the influence of Mughal art on an Amsterdam painter-cum-poet, the cultural impact of Eastern trade on plays and entertainments in early modern London, Safavid cultural disseminations, English and Portuguese slaving practices, the global contexts of English pattern poetry, and global lyric transmissions across cultures A wide-ranging account of the global expansions and interactions of the period, A Companion to the Global Renaissance: Literature and Culture in the Era of Expansion, 1500-1700, Second Edition remains essential reading for early modern scholars and students ranging from undergraduate and graduate students to more advanced scholars and specialists in the field.
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A Companion to the Global Renaissance
Edited by Jyotsna G. Singh
A COMPANION TO THE GLOBAL RENAISSANCE
LITERATURE AND CULTURE IN THE ERA OF EXPANSION, 1500–1700
SECOND EDITION
EDITED BY
JYOTSNA G. SINGH
This edition first published 2021© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Singh, Jyotsna G., 1951- editor. | John Wiley & Sons, Inc., publisher.
Title: A Companion to the Global Renaissance: Literature and Culture in the Era of Expansion, 1500 – 1700 / edited by Jyotsna G. Singh.
Other titles: Blackwell companions to literature and culture
Description: Second edition. | Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2021. | Series: Blackwell companions to literature and culture | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020047943 (print) | LCCN 2020047944 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119626268 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119626275 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119626251 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119626299 (epub) | ISBN 9781119626282 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: English literature–Early modern, 1500-1700–History and criticism. | Globalization in literature. | Literature and society. | Renaissance–England.
Classification: LCC DA320 .C656 2021 (print) | LCC DA320 (ebook) | DDC 909/.5–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020047943
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020047944
Cover image: Abu’l Hasan / Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.: Purchase – Charles Lang Freer Endowment, F1945.9a
Cover design by Wiley
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Contents
Cover
Series page
Title page
Copyright
List of Illustrations
Notes on Contributors
Acknowledgments
Preface
Introduction: The Global Renaissance
Part I: Mapping the Global
Chapter 1: The New Globalism: Transcultural Commerce, Global Systems Theory, and Spenser’s Mammon
Chapter 2: “Travailing” Theory: Global Flows of Labor and the Enclosure of the Subject
Chapter 3: Islam and Tamburlaine’s World-Picture
Chapter 4: Traveling Nowhere: Global Utopias in the Early Modern Period
Chapter 5: Understanding Slavery in Early Modern Asia: Jesuit Scholarship from Seventeenth-Century Iberia and Asia
Part II: “Contact Zones”
Chapter 6: “Apes of Imitation”: Imitation and Identity in Sir Thomas Roe’s Embassy to India
Chapter 7: Early Modern European Encounters with Japan: Luis Frois and Engelbert Kaempfer
Chapter 8: Other Renaissances, Multiple Easts, and Eurasian Borderlands: Teresa Sampsonia Sherley’s Journey from Persia to Poland, 1608–1611
Chapter 9: Becoming Mughal, Becoming Dom João de Távora: Friendship, Dissimulation, and Manipulation in Jesuit and Mughal Exchanges
Chapter 10: The Queer Moor: Bodies, Borders, and Barbary Inns
Chapter 11: The Benefits of a Warm Study: The Resistance to Travel Before Empire
Chapter 12: The Politics of Identity: Reassessing Global Encounters Through the Failure of the English East India Company in Japan
Chapter 13: Placing Iceland
Chapter 14: East by Northeast: The English Among the Russians, 1553–1603
Chapter 15: Connected Political Imaginaries: The Shaˉhnaˉmah and Anglo-Persian Alliance Building, 1599–1628
Part III: “To Live by Traffic”: Global Networks of Exchange
Chapter 16: The Unseen World of Willem Schellinks: Local Milieu and Global Circulation in the Visualization of Mughal India
Chapter 17: Hakluyt’s Books and Hawkins’ Slaving Voyages: The Transatlantic Slave Trade in the English National Imaginary, 1560–1600
Chapter 18: Guns and Gawds: Elizabethan England’s “Infidel” Trade
Chapter 19: Seeds of Sacrifice: Amaranth, The Gardens of Tenochtitlan, and Spenser’s Faerie Queene
Chapter 20: “So Pale, So Lame, So Lean, So Ruinous”: The Circulation of Foreign Coins in Early Modern England
Chapter 21: Canary, Bristoles, Londres, Ingleses: English Traders in the Canaries in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
Chapter 22: “The Whole Globe of the Earth”: Almanacs and Their Readers
Chapter 23: Cesare Vecellio, Venetian Writer and Art-Book Cosmopolitan
Chapter 24: A Multinational Corporation: Labor and Ethnicity in the London East India Company
Chapter 25: Patterning the Tatar Girl in George Puttenham’s The Art of English Poesie (1589)
Part IV: The Globe Staged
Chapter 26: Bettrice’s Monkey: Staging Exotica in Early Modern London Comedy
Chapter 27: The Maltese Factor: The Poetics of Place in The Jew of Malta and The Knight of Malta
Chapter 28: Local–Global Pericles: International Storytelling, Domestic Social Relations, Capitalism
Chapter 29: Staging the Global in the Street: Spices, London Companies, and Thomas Middleton’s The Triumphs of Honor and Industry
Afterword: Lyric Poetics for the Global Renaissance
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Illustrations
Chapter 0
0.1 Elizabeth I, Armada Portrait, attributed to George Gower, c. 1588. Woburn...
Chapter 5
5.1 Frontispiece of volume 1 of Molina, De iustitia et iure (Cuenca, 1593)....
Chapter 6
6.1 Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikh to Kings, by Bichitr, c.1615–16...
Chapter 7
7.1 Kano Naizen (1570–1616), Nanban-jin [Southern Barbarians] disembar...
7.2 The Dutch Procession to Edo. MS Sloane 3060 f. 501. © British Libra...
7.3 Kaempfer dances and sings for Tsunayoshi. MS Sloane 3060 f. 514. © ...
Chapter 8
8.1 Teresia, Countess of Shirley, attributed to William Larkin, c. 1611...
Chapter 9
9.1 Jahangir in a Garden, attributed to Manohar, c. 1610–1615. Victori...
Chapter 12
12.1 1707 map of Japan, with a cartouche representing the audience of Will...
Chapter 13
13.1 From Abraham Ortelius, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (London, c.1607), plate...
Chapter 15
15.1 Sir Robert Sherley c. 1627. © Image courtesy of the Trustees of t...
Chapter 16
16.1 Willem Schellinks, Shah Jahan and his Four Sons. Musée Guimet, Pa...
16.2 Willem Schellinks, Parade of the Sons of Shah Jahan on Composite Hors...
16.3 Willem Schellinks, Hunting Scene with Shah Jahan and his Sons. Museum...
16.4 Hans Jurriaenszoon van Baden, Interior of the Amsterdam Theatre. Repro...
16.5 S. Savry, Het toneel van de eerste Amsterdamse Schouwburg, engraving...
Chapter 17
17.1 Original Grant of Arms to John Hawkins, 1565, with the Augmentation...
17.2 Pen and Ink Sketch of the Hawkins Arms. College of Arms MS Misc. Gran...
Chapter 19
19.1 Mexican Sacrifice based on José de Acosta’s descriptions; T...
Chapter 20
20.1 A clipped French crown and a counterfeit portague. Reproduced by permi...
Chapter 23
23.1 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, Merchant in Constantinople, Degli Habiti ant...
23.2 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, Prussian Merchant, Degli Habiti antichi et m...
23.3 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, Merchant Noblewoman of Genoa, Degli Habiti a...
23.4 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, Woman Merchant of Silesia, Degli Habiti anti...
23.5 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, Sultan Amurhat, Degli Habiti antichi et mode...
23.6 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, Janissary Soldier, Degli Habiti antichi et m...
23.7 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, Turk in the Rain, Degli Habiti antichi et mo...
23.8 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, A Turkish Woman, Degli Habiti antichi et mod...
Chapter 24
24.1 The Great Market at Bantam, from Willem Lodewijckszoon, Historie van I...
Chapter 26
26.1 Richard Brathwaite’s The Honest Ghost or a Voice From the Vault. R...
Chapter 28
28.1 Pieter Breugel’s engraving, Big Fishes Eat the Little Fishes. Inv....
Guide
Cover
Series page
Title page
Copyright
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Notes on Contributors
Acknowledgments
Preface
Introduction: The Global Renaissance
Begin Reading
Afterword: Lyric Poetics for the Global Renaissance
Index
End User License Agreement
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Illustrations
0.1 Elizabeth I, Armada Portrait, attributed to George Gower, c. 1588. Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire. The Bridgeman Art Library Digital Image Library/Alamy Stock Photo
5.1 Frontispiece of volume 1 of Molina, De iustitia et iure (Cuenca, 1593). Digitized by School of Salamanca Projecthttps://www.salamanca.school/en/works.html. Creative Commons License
6.1 Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikh to Kings, by Bichitr, c.1615–1618. Reproduced by permission of Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC: Purchase – Charles Lang Freer Endowment, F1942.15a.
7.1 Kano Naizen (1570–1616), Nanban-jin [Southern Barbarians] disembarking from the nao [Portuguese carrack], c. 1600. Kobe City Museum. Wikimedia Common
7.2 The Dutch Procession to Edo. MS Sloane 3060 f. 501. © British Library Board
7.3 Kaempfer dances and sings for Tsunayoshi. MS Sloane 3060 f. 514. © British Library Board
8.1 Teresia, Countess of Shirley, attributed to William Larkin, c. 1611–1613. Courtesy of National Trust for Scotland, Gladstone’s Land
9.1 Jahangir in a Garden, attributed to Manohar, c. 1610–1615. Victoria and Albert Museum, IM.9-1925
12.1 1707 map of Japan, with a cartouche representing the audience of William Adams with the Shogun. From Naaukeurige Versameling der Gedenk-Waardigste Zee en Land-Reysen (a series of accounts of famous voyages). Thought to be by Pieter van der Aa. Public domain
13.1 From Abraham Ortelius, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (London, c.1607), plate 103, Map of Islandia. Call #: STC 18855. Used by permission of the Folger Shakespeare Library under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
15.1 Sir Robert Sherley c. 1627. © Image courtesy of the Trustees of the Berkeley Will Trust
16.1 Willem Schellinks, Shah Jahan and his Four Sons. Musée Guimet, Paris
16.2 Willem Schellinks, Parade of the Sons of Shah Jahan on Composite Horses and Elephants. Victoria and Albert Museum, London
16.3 Willem Schellinks, Hunting Scene with Shah Jahan and his Sons. Museum of Islamic Art, DOHA. Reproduced by permission of the RKD, Netherlands Institute for Art History, The Hague, The Netherlands
16.4 Hans Jurriaenszoon van Baden, Interior of the Amsterdam Theatre. Reproduced by permission of the John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, FL, USA
16.5 S. Savry, Het toneel van de eerste Amsterdamse Schouwburg, engraving 1658. Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
17.1 Original Grant of Arms to John Hawkins, 1565, with the Augmentation (1571)pinned to the original. Image courtesy of the North Devon Record Office and North Devon Athenaeum, Barnstaple, UK
17.2 Pen and Ink Sketch of the Hawkins Arms. College of Arms MS Misc. Grants 1, fol. 148r. Reproduced by permission of the Kings, Heralds, and Pursuivants of Arms
19.1 Mexican Sacrifice based on José de Acosta’s descriptions; Theodore De Bry, Americae, Pars Dvodecima (Frankfurt, 1624); © Huntington Library. Public domain
20.1 A clipped French crown and a counterfeit portague. Reproduced by permission of the British Museum
23.1 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, Merchant in Constantinople, Degli Habiti antichi et moderni di diverse parti del mondo (Venice: Damian Zenaro, 1590)
23.2 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, Prussian Merchant, Degli Habiti antichi et moderni di diverse parti del mondo (Venice: Damian Zenaro, 1590)
23.3 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, Merchant Noblewoman of Genoa, Degli Habiti antichi et moderni di diverse parti del mondo (Venice: Damian Zenaro, 1590)
23.4 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, Woman Merchant of Silesia, Degli Habiti antichi et moderni di diverse parti del mondo (Venice: Damian Zenaro, 1590)
23.5 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, Sultan Amurhat, Degli Habiti antichi et moderni di diverse parti del mondo (Venice: Damian Zenaro, 1590)
23.6 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, Janissary Soldier, Degli Habiti antichi et moderni di diverse parti del mondo (Venice: Damian Zenaro, 1590)
23.7 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, Turk in the Rain, Degli Habiti antichi et moderni di diverse parti del mondo (Venice: Damian Zenaro, 1590)
23.8 Woodcut, Cesare Vecellio, A Turkish Woman, Degli Habiti antichi et moderni di diverse parti del mondo (Venice: Damian Zenaro, 1590)
24.1 The Great Market at Bantam, from Willem Lodewijckszoon, Historie van Indien (Amsterdam, 1598) © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved, shelfmark 1486.gg.18. Reproduced by permission
26.1 Richard Brathwaite’s The Honest Ghost or a Voice From the Vault. Reproduced by permission of the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, shelfmark: 8°S. 350 Art
28.1 Pieter Breugel’s engraving, Big Fishes Eat the Little Fishes. Inv. 7875. Reproduced by permission of Metropolitan Museum of Art. Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1928. Public Domain
Notes on Contributors
Bernadette Andrea is Professor in the Department of English at the University of California, Santa Barbara; a core faculty in the Center for Middle East Studies; and an affiliate faculty in the Comparative Literature Program and the Department of Feminist Studies. She previously taught at the University of Texas, San Antonio, where she was the Celia Jacobs Endowed Professor in British Literature. She is the author of The Lives of Girls and Women from the Islamic World in Early Modern British Literature and Culture (University of Toronto Press, 2017) and Women and Islam in Early Modern English Literature (Cambridge University Press, 2007). Her critical edition, English Women Staging Islam, 1696–1707 (University of Toronto, CRRS, 2012), was published in the series “The Other Voice in Early Modern Europe.” Her coedited collections include Travel and Travail: Early Modern Women, English Drama, and the Wider World, with Patricia Akhimie (University of Nebraska Press, 2019), and Early Modern England and Islamic Worlds, with Linda McJannet (Palgrave Macmillan, 2011).
John Michael Archer is Professor of English at New York University. He received his BA and MA from the University of Toronto in 1982 and 1983, respectively, and his PhD from Princeton University in 1988. His first book, Sovereignty and Intelligence: Spying and Court Culture in the English Renaissance (Stanford University Press, 1993), discusses the portrayal of political surveillance in the works of Montaigne, Marlowe, Bacon, and other authors. Old Worlds: Egypt, Southwest Asia, India, and Russia in Early Modern English Writing (Stanford University Press, 2001) analyzes European travel writings and literary works by Shakespeare, Milton, and Dryden. His third monograph is titled Citizen Shakespeare: Freemen and Aliens in the Language of the Plays (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005). It combines recent historiography, philosophical considerations of citizenship, and the close reading of play texts to show how the London citizen and the immigrant city dweller each figure in the action and verbal texture of Shakespeare’s drama. The fourth book, Technically Alive: Shakespeare’s Sonnets (Palgrave Macmillan) appeared in December 2012. Drawing on Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Agamben, it traces correspondences between philosophical thought about technology and Shakespeare’s poetics of human and natural productivity. Recent interests include questions of technology; labor, life, and being as political concepts; rights and duties; and the tension between religion and theology.
Richmond Barbour is Professor of English Literature at Oregon State University. His research engages the material cultures of manuscript, print, and theater in early modern drama, travel writing, and maritime and corporate history. His essays have appeared in Clio, Criticism, Genre, the Huntington Library Quarterly, JEGP, PMLA, and several edited collections. He is the author of Before Orientalism. London’s Theatre of the East, 1576–1626 (Cambridge University Press, 2003), The Third Voyage Journals: Writing and Performance in the London East India Company, 1607–1610 (Palgrave MacMillan, 2009), and The Loss of the “Trades Increase”: An Early Modern Maritime Catastrophe (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021). He is currently preparing a critical edition of Capt. John Saris’s 1611–1613 East India Company journal, which documents the first English voyage to Japan.
Crystal Bartolovich is Associate Professor of English at Syracuse University, where she teaches a wide range of courses in Marxist theory and cultural studies. With Jean Howard and David Hillman, she is the author of Marx and Freud, Great Shakespeareans (Contiuum, 2012). Her essays have appeared in numerous venues including New Formations, Cultural Critique, Angelaki and Minnesota Review. Her current project is titled “A Natural History of the Commons.”
Nandini Das is Professor of Early Modern Literature and Culture at the University of Oxford. She works on Renaissance literature and cultural history, with special emphasis on travel and cross-cultural encounters between Europe and Asia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Her publications include Robert Greene’sPlanetomachia (Ashgate, 2007), Renaissance Romance: The Transformation of English Prose Fiction, 1570–1620 (Ashgate, 2011; republished by Routledge, 2016), Enchantment and Dis-enchantment in Shakespeare and Early Modern Drama coedited with Nick Davis (Routledge, 2017), and the Cambridge History of Travel Writing coedited with Tim Youngs (Cambridge University Press, 2019). She is volume editor of Elizabethan Levant Trade and South Asia in the forthcoming edition of Richard Hakluyt’s The Principal Navigations, to be published by Oxford University Press, and project director for the “Travel, Transculturality and Identity in Early Modern England” (TIDE) project, funded by the European Research Council.
Jan de Hond is a curator of the History Department of the Rijksmuseum, where he is responsible for the seventeenth century. He wrote his dissertation on Orientalism in Dutch Culture, 1800–1920. He is specialized in Dutch colonial history and has published on the (cultural) relations between the Dutch Republic and the Moghul Safavid and Ottoman Empire.
Stephen Deng is Associate Professor of English at Michigan State University. He is the author of Coinage and State Formation in Early Modern English Literature (Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), editor of A Cultural History of Money in the Renaissance (Bloomsbury, 2019), and coeditor (with Barbara Sebek) of Global Traffic: Discourses and Practices of Trade in English Literature and Culture from 1550 to 1700 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008). He has also written on the literary impacts on transformations in English commercial and colonial culture, c. 1620–1660; on the “new mathematics” and sexuality in Shakespeare’s sonnets; and on Sir Edward Coke’s translation of English common law and the establishment of a “juristic public” in seventeenth-century England. Currently, he is working on a second monograph tentatively titled “Hamlet and Accountability.”
Matthew Dimmock is Professor of Early Modern Studies at the University of Sussex. His research has focused on the interaction of peoples and ideas that took place as a consequence of early modern England’s “expansionary thrust” in the late sixteenth century. This research has generated a series of articles and monographs, including New Turkes: Dramatizing Islam and the Ottomans in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2005), Mythologies of the Prophet Muhammad (Oxford University Press, 2013), and Elizabethan Globalism (Yale University Press, 2019). It has also involved editorial work, including William Percy’sMahomet and His Heaven: A Critical Edition (Ashgate, 2006), editorial contributions to the Norton Shakespeare 3, and current editorial research for the Oxford Hakluyt and Oxford Nashe projects.
Mary Fuller is Professor of Literature and MacVicar Faculty Fellow at MIT, where she has served as department head and Associate Chair of the Institute faculty. Her research focuses on early modern English geography and exploration and the related histories of practices, narratives, and material texts as these extend across space and time. She is currently working on a book about Richard Hakluyt’s Principal Navigations of the English Nation (1600) and editing materials on the Northwest Passage for the projected Oxford edition of Hakluyt’s compilation. Her publications include Voyages in Print: English Travel to America 1576–1624 (Cambridge University Press, 1995) and Remembering the Early Modern Voyage (Palgrave, 2008) as well as numerous articles and book chapters.
Dr. Masoud “Kasra” Ghorbaninejad earned his PhD in English at Northeastern University, Boston, MA (2018) and, after completing a postdoctoral fellowship at University of Victoria (UVic), Victoria, BC, has worked at UCLA and now at University of Victoria as a digital humanist. He has published on comparative literature, drama and theater, and digital humanities; coauthored with Nathan Gibson and David Joseph Wrisley, “⅃TЯ” in Debates in the Digital Humanities2012 (University of Minnesota Press, 2012); coauthored with Behzad Ghaderi Sohi, “Ali Nassirian and a Modern Iranian ‘National’ Theatre,” Asian Theatre Journal 29.2 (2012): 495–527; coauthored with Behzad Ghaderi Sohi, “Modernity and ‘Monstros/city’ in Othello and Nassirian’s Halu,” Persian Literary Studies Journal 1.1 (2012): 7–40; and coauthored with Behzad Ghaderi Sohi, “Peer Gynt and the Cult of Mithras,” North-West Passage 5 (2008): 151–159.
Jos J. L. Gommans is Professor of Colonial and Global History at Leiden University. He is the author of two monographs on early-modern south and central Asian history: The Rise of the Indo-Afghan Empire, 1710–1780, (Oxford University Press, 1999) and Mughal Warfare: Indian Frontiers and High Roads to Empire (Routledge, 2002). An omnibus of his work came out recently as The Indian Frontier: Horse and Warband in the Making of Empires (Routledge, 2018). He also wrote extensively on Dutch colonial history, coedited Exploring the Dutch Empire (Bloomsbury, 2005), and coauthored the monograph The Dutch Overseas Empire, 1600–1800 (Cambridge University Press, 2020). In addition, he produced various Dutch source publications, including one archival inventory and two historical VOC atlases. He contributed to major works of reference like the Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Cambridge World History. In recent years his work focused on the Indo-Dutch artistic encounter and wrote TheUnseen World: The Netherlands and India from 1550 (Vantilt, 2018) for the Amsterdam Rijksmuseum and acted as guest curator of the 2019 exhibition “India and the Netherlands in the Age of Rembrandt” at the Chhatrapati Shivaji Marahaj Vastu Sangrahalaya at Mumbai.
Andrew Hadfield is Professor of English at the University of Sussex and visiting professor at the University of Granada. He is the author of a number of books on early modern literature and culture, most recently, Shakespeare and Republicanism (Cambridge University Press, 2005), Edmund Spenser: A Life (Oxford University Press, 2012), and Lying in Early Modern English Culture (Oxford University Press, 2017). John Donne: In the Shadow of Religion will appear in 2021, as will his edition of James Shirley’s The Politician (edited with Duncan Fraser). He is currently completing a study of literature and class from the Peasants’ Revolt to the French Revolution and is coediting the works of Thomas Nashe (with Joe Black, Jennifer Richards, and Cathy Shrank), and a revised version of the anthology, Amazons, Savages and Machiavels (with Matthew Dimmock). He is a regular reviewer for the Times Literary Supplement and The Irish Times and was chair of the Society for Renaissance Studies (2016–2019).
Chloë Houston is Associate Professor in the Department of English Literature at the University of Reading. She is the author of a study of early modern utopian literature, The Renaissance Utopia: Dialogue, Travel and the Ideal Society (Ashgate, 2013). She has also edited a collection of essays on representations of utopias and new worlds from 1500 to 1800, New Worlds Reflected: Travel and Utopia in the Early Modern Period (Ashgate, 2010). Her current research interests focus on the dramatization of Persia and the Persian Empire on the early modern English stage.
Jean E. Howard is George Delacorte Professor in the Humanities at Columbia University, where she teaches early modern literature, Shakespeare, feminist studies, and theater history. Besides editing six collections of essays, Howard is author of over fifty articles and several books, including Shakespeare’s Art of Orchestration: Stage Technique and Audience Response (University of Illinois Press, 1984); The Stage and Social Struggle in Early Modern England (Routledge, 1994); Engendering a Nation: A Feminist Account of Shakespeare’s English Histories (Routledge, 1997), co-written with Phyllis Rackin; Theater of a City: The Places of London Comedy 1598–1642 (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007); and Marx and Shakespeare, cowritten with Crystal Bartolovich (Continuum, 2012). She is also a coeditor of The Norton Shakespeare (now in its third edition) and general editor of the Bedford contextual editions of Shakespeare. Her new book, Staging History: Forging the Body Politic, on the history play in twentieth- and twenty-first-century American and English theater, is nearing completion.
Ann Rosalind Jones is Esther Cloudman Dunn Professor Emerita of Comparative Literature at Smith College, where she taught with colleagues in national language and literature departments, art history and film studies. Her early research, The Currency of Eros (University of Indiana Press, 1990), focused on the social situations and intertextual poetics of sixteenth-century women writing lyrics and polemics in Western Europe. That work, especially its debates about women’s orderly and disorderly use of clothing, led her to explore material culture, specifically the political and cultural meanings of dress. With Peter Stallybrass, she wrote Renaissance Clothing and the Materials of Memory (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000); with Margaret Rosenthal, she translated Cesare Vecellio’s Habiti antichi e moderni di diverse parti del Mondo(Clothing, Ancient and Modern, of Various Parts of the World). She has published on imperial and colonial histories related to her current project, a study of Vecellio’s genre: the illustrated costume book, widely published in the printing centers of Europe from the mid-sixteenth to mid-seventeenth century, which represented the clothing worn by people of diverse ranks and regions as the embodiment of moral and political ideologies central to their cultures in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
Gerald MacLean is Emeritus Professor of the University of Exeter, UK (2007–2014). A literary and cultural historian, since 2000 MacLean has published widely on relations between early-modern Britain and the Islamic world, especially the Ottoman Empire. He is author, most recently, of Abdullah Gül and The Making of the New Turkey (Oneworld, 2014), Looking East: English Writing and the Ottoman Empire before 1800 (Palgrave 2007; Turkish trans. 2009), and The Rise of Oriental Travel: English Visitors to the Ottoman Empire, 1580–1720 (Palgrave, 2004; Turkish trans. 2006, 2017). With Nabil Matar he is coauthor of Britain and the Islamic World, 1558–1713 (Oxford University Press, 2011), and with Donna Landry he coauthored Materialist Feminisms (Blackwell, 1993). Among other books, critical editions, and multiauthor volumes, MacLean is most recently editor of Britain and the Muslim World: Historical Perspectives (Cambridge Scholars, 2012), Writing Turkey: Explorations in Turkish History, Politics and Cultural Identity (Middlesex University Press, 2006), and Re-orienting the Renaissance (Palgrave, 2005). With Ercihan Dilari, Caroline Finkel, and Donna Landry, he is a founding member of the Evliya Çelebi Way Project, which established a UNESCO-approved equestrian cultural route in Western Anatolia. He is currently writing about Britain and the Kurds.
Stuart M. McManus is a historian and classicist working on premodern culture from a global and multiethnic perspective. He received his PhD in history (secondary field in classical philology) from Harvard and is currently Assistant Professor of Premodern World History at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Prior to this, he taught Mexican and ancient Mediterranean history at the University of Chicago, where he was the inaugural postdoctoral fellow at the Institute on the Formation of Knowledge. During the 2019–2020 academic year, he was a visiting scholar at Princeton’s Davis Center for Historical Studies.
João Vicente Melo is a cultural historian who works on early modern cross-cultural encounters and diplomacy. His research interests include diplomatic rituals, early modern European ethnographic production about South Asia and Africa, religious missions, and the European presence in the Mughal court. He is a JIN research fellow at University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain. He is currently finishing a comparative history of the experiences of Jesuit missionaries and English agents at the Mughal court between 1580 and 1615. His published work includes the following articles: “Respect and Superiority: The Ceremonial Rules of Goan Diplomacy and the Survival of the Estado da Índia, 1707–50,” Portuguese Studies, 28/2 (2012), 143–158; “Seeking Prestige and Survival: Gift-exchange Practices between the Portuguese Estado da Índia and Asian Rulers,” in Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 56.4/5 (2013), 672–695; and “In Search of a Shared Language: The Goan Diplomatic Protocol,” Journal of Early Modern History, 20.4 (2016), 390–407. He is currently completing a translation of the writings of Antoni de Monserrate, SJ on his stay at the Mughal Court.
David Morrow is Associate Professor at the College of Saint Rose in Albany, New York. His essay on Thomas Deloney was published in Textual Practice in 2006; another on early seventeenth-century monopolistic merchants appeared in Global Traffic (Palgrave, 2008), edited by Barbara Sebek and Stephen Deng. His current project takes an ecocritical look at how early modern English writing interpreted primitive accumulation.
Ladan Niayesh is Professor of Early Modern Studies at the University of Paris and a member of the LARCA research center of the CNRS UMR 8225 (Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Cultures Anglophones). Her research focuses on early-modern travel writing and travel drama, more specifically in connection to Muscovy and Persia. Her latest publications include Three Romances of Eastern Conquest (Manchester University Press, 2018) and Eastern Resonances (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019), coedited with Claire Gallien. She currently coedits the Persian travels of the Sherley brothers with Kurosh Meshkat and Alasdair MacDonald for the Hakluyt Society.
Ayesha Ramachandran is Associate Professor of Comparative Literature and an affiliate of the Programs in Renaissance Studies and the History of Science and Medicine at Yale University. Her first prizewinning book, The Worldmakers (University of Chicago Press, 2015), provides a cultural and intellectual history of “the world,” showing how it emerged as a cultural keyword in early modernity. She has also published on Spenser, Lucretius, Ariosto, Tasso, Petrarch, Montaigne, postcolonial drama, and the histories of religious fundamentalism and cosmopolitanism in various journals and volumes including NLH, Spenser Studies, MLN, Forum Italicum, and Anglistik. Her current projects range from new research on early modern and contemporary South Asia to work on comparative philology, cartography, oral history, and lyric studies. Her new book manuscript in progress is tentatively titled Lyric Thinking: Towards a Global Poetic.
Catherine Ryu is Associate Professor of Japanese Language and Culture and director of the Japanese Studies Program at Michigan State University. She received her PhD at the University of Michigan, and her teaching and research interests include classical Japanese, Heian women’s narratives, Japanese culture and literature, Korean literature, zainichi (Korean residents in Japan) literature, game studies, translation studies, children’s literature, digital humanities, and global studies. She also holds a US patent for a language-learning platform and is the principal investigator of Mandarin Chinese tone perception projects and the team lead for Tone Perfect, a multimodal Mandarin Chinese audio database (https://toneperfect.lib.msu.edu).
Barbara Sebek is Professor of English at Colorado State University. Her most recent essay, “Edmund Hosts William: appropriation, polytemporality, and postcoloniality in Frank McGuinness’s Mutabilitie,” appears in The Routledge Handbook of Shakespeare and Global Appropriation (2020). Other globally inflected publications include “Quickly, Archy, and the Citizens’ Wives, OR, How to Talk to an Elephant” in Early Modern Culture (2017) http://tigerprints.clemson.edu/emc/vol12/iss1/4, “Global Consciousness, English Histories” in Approaches to Teaching Shakespeare’s Histories (MLA, 2017), “‘Wine and sugar of the best and the fairest’: Canary, the Canaries, and the Global in Windsor” in Culinary Shakespeare (Duquesne University Press, 2016), “Different Shakespeares: Thinking Globally in an Early Modern Literature Course” in Teaching Medieval and Early Modern Cross-Cultural Encounters (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), and “‘More natural to the nation’: Situating Shakespeare in the ‘Querelle de Canary,’” in Shakespeare Studies (2014). She is also coeditor (with Stephen Deng) of Global Traffic: Discourses and Practices of Trade in English Literature and Culture from 1550 to 1700 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).
Amrita Sen is Associate Professor and Deputy Director, UGC-HRDC, University of Calcutta, and affiliated member of the Department of English. She is coeditor of Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London, with J. Caitlin Finlayson, (Routledge, 2020), and has also coedited a special issue of the Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies on “Alternative Histories of the East India Company” (2017). She has published essays and book chapters on East India Company women, Bollywood Shakespeares, and early modern ethnography.
Jyotsna G. Singh is Professor in the Department of English at Michigan State University. Her published works include Colonial Narratives/Cultural Dialogues: “Discoveries” of India in the Language of Colonialism (Routledge, 1996), Shakespeare and Postcolonial Theory (Bloomsbury Arden, 2019), Travel Knowledge (coedited with Ivo Kamps; Palgrave, 2001), The Weyward Sisters: Shakespeare and Feminist Politics (coedited with Dympna Callaghan and Lorraine Helms; Wiley Blackwell, 1994), A Companion to the Global Renaissance (editor; Wiley Blackwell, 2009), The Postcolonial World (coedited with David Kim; Routledge, 2016), and numerous book chapters and articles. She serves as a coeditor for a book series New Transculturalisms, 1400–1800 (Palgrave). Singh has also been the recipient of several visiting fellowships, including at Queen Mary University of London, UK (2008) and John Carter Brown Library, Brown University (2010). Most recently, she was elected a Visiting Fellow, St. Catherine’s College, Oxford University, UK (Michaelmas term, 2019).
Ian Smith is Richard and Joan Sell Professor in the Humanities at Lafayette College in the Department of English, where he teaches courses in Shakespeare and early modern drama, early modern and critical race studies, and sexuality. He is the author of Race and Rhetoric in the Renaissance: Barbarian Errors (Palgrave Macmillan, 2009) and collaborator on Othello Re-imagined in Sepia (Lucia Press, 2012). His work on Shakespeare and early modern drama has been published in several anthologies and journals. He is currently completing a book on Shakespeare, reading, and race titled Black Shakespeare.
Adam Smyth teaches English Literature and the History of the Book at Balliol College, Oxford. His books include Material Texts in Early Modern England (Cambridge University Press, 2018), Autobiography in Early Modern England (Cambridge University Press, 2010), and (edited with Dennis Duncan) Book Parts (Oxford University Press, 2019). He writes regularly for the London Review of Books.
Mihoko Suzuki is Professor of English and Cooper Fellow in the Humanities Emerita, University of Miami. She is the author of Metamorphoses of Helen: Authority, Difference, and the Epic (Cornell University Press, 1989), Subordinate Subjects: Gender, the Political Nation, and Literary Form in England, 1588–1688 (Routledge, 2003), and Antigone’s Example: Early Modern Women’s Political Writing in Times of Civil Warfrom Christine de Pizan to Helen Maria Williams (2021). She is editor of History of British Women Writing, 1610–1690 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2011) and coeditor, with Ann Rosalind Jones and Jyotsna Singh, of New Transculturalisms, 1400–1800, a book series at Palgrave Macmillan. Her most recent articles include a comparative study of early modern literacies in Western Europe, Islam, and East Asia in the Bloomsbury History of Education in the Renaissance and a chapter (in Japanese) on early modern gender and authorship in Rethinking Authorship in Japan, East Asia, and Europe (Iwanami-shoten).
Edward “Mac” Test is currently Professor and Chair of English at Boise State University. He is a translator, poet, and Renaissance scholar. He has published a book of poetry, three books of translated poetry, and numerous essays and reviews. Most recently he published Sacred Seeds: New World Plants in Early Modern English Literature (University of Nebraska Press, 2019), which was short-listed for the British Society of Literature and Science annual book prize. He is the recipient of several grants and fellowships, including the Idaho Humanities Council Research Grant, National Endowment for Humanities (NEH) summer seminar, Boise State University Research Grants, Alexa Rose Foundation; and fellowships at the Folger Shakespeare Library, Huntington Library and the John Carter Brown Library. Test is currently working on the first English translation of the Comedia famosa de la monja alférez (“The Famous Comedy of the Lieutenant Nun” attributed to Juan Pérez de Montalbán), and a translation of the Chilean poet Raúl Zurita’s Ciudades de Agua (“The Cities of Water”).
Virginia Mason Vaughan is Professor Emerita and Research Professor of English at Clark University. She is the author of Othello: A Contextual History (Cambridge University Press, 1994) and Performing Blackness on English Stages, 1500–1800 (Cambridge University Press, 2005). Vaughan edited Antony and Cleopatra for the Third Norton Shakespeare (2015) and wrote Antony and Cleopatra: Language and Writing for Arden Shakespeare (2016). With Alden T. Vaughan, she coedited The Tempest for the Third Arden Series (1999; rev. ed. 2011) and coauthored Shakespeare in America for Oxford Shakespeare Topics (2012). Her most recent publication, Shakespeare and the Gods (2019), is a study of Shakespeare’s mythological allusions.
Daniel Vitkus is Professor of Literature at the University of California, San Diego, where he holds the Rebeca Hickel Endowed Chair in Early Modern Literature. He is the author of Turning Turk: English Theater and the Multicultural Mediterranean (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) and of numerous articles and book chapters on early modern culture. Vitkus has edited Three Turk Plays from Early Modern England (Columbia University Press, 2000) and Piracy, Slavery and Redemption: Barbary Captivity Narratives from Early Modern England (Columbia University Press, 2001). He also serves as editor of the Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies.
Acknowledgments
The first edition of this volume was published in 2009, and I am delighted to launch an expanded and updated second edition (2021), A Companion to the Global Renaissance: Literature and Culture in the Era of Expansion, 1500–1700. My gratitude always to Emma Bennett, my first commissioning editor at Wiley (Blackwell), for her vision and encouragement as the project evolved. My thanks to all the authors from the 2009 edition whose updated essays will generate an expanding “conversation” with the new additional chapters.
Since 2009, it has been heartening to witness a further global “turn” in early modern studies, with an increasing emphasis on connected histories and cultural cross-pollinations beyond Europe. This second edition, I hope, will contribute to these ongoing endeavors. I am grateful to scholars who have shared this global vision. For their scholarship, friendship, conversations, comments, and input on this volume, I must thank Guido Van Meersbergen, Nandini Das, Matthew Dimmock, Ladan Niayesh, Ian Smith, Bernadette Andrea, Gerald MacLean, João Vicente Melo, Jean Howard, Mihoko Suzuki, Eva Johanna Holmberg, Abdulhamit Arvas, Colm MacCrossan, and Daniel Vitkus.
I am particularly grateful to commissioning editors at Wiley, Catriona King and Nicole Allen for believing in this second edition and helping me to develop the new proposal. Nicole’s input has also been invaluable in launching the book off the ground. Finally, I appreciate managing editor, Liz Wingett, for her assistance and advice in the production process.
At Michigan State University, my special thanks to my colleague Pete Johnston for his generosity and technical genius in preparing images for the volume. Gratitude to the Special Collections at MSU Libraries for their assistance at every stage of this project. And finally, appreciation to Sandra Beals for her wonderful, painstaking work in formatting the chapters for submission.
Thanks also to St. Catherine’s College Oxford, where I was a Visiting Fellow in the English Department, 2019 (Michaelmas Term), and during my fellowship I prepared this second edition for a new contract.
In 2009, I dedicated this book to my parents, who were global, cosmopolitan citizens of the world. I dedicate this edition to their memory.
Preface
I revisit the global Renaissance in this second edition, recognizing that in the past decade, including in our recent tumultuous times, the horizons of our world have expanded to include many more voices, vistas, and experiences. In the field of early modern studies, these shifts have meant several realignments in our disciplinary formations, with an increasing emphasis on global interconnections and cultural cross-pollinations, as well as a renewed focus on the lineages of Western colonialism over lands they “discovered.” In the introduction to the first edition of A Companion to the Global Renaissance: English Literature and Culture in the Era of Expansion in 2009, I began with a recognition of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries comprising an era of expansion in the Western world: the volume covered the “discovery” of the New World in the Americas; growing interactions and encounters with the East, ranging from the Islamic empires on Europe’s borders to the far East, from Java to Japan; north and sub-Saharan Africa; and explorations to the North Seas. At the same time, importantly, I welcomed a global “turn” in early modern scholarship, recognizing a radical conceptual shift in our approach to the period. Traditionally, the term “Renaissance” had been deployed to emphasize the revival of classical antiquity and to valorize this resurgence of European art and culture of fifteenth-century Italy as the birthplace of the “Renaissance Man” (Burckhardt, 303–352). My framing argument for the first edition drew on the emerging globally oriented scholarship starting in the late 1990s that led to a more expansive, shifting early modern world picture. Cumulatively, these studies offered an increasingly cross-cultural, global, view – with varying emphases on trade, mercantilism, and cross-cultural exchanges, as well as on ideological struggles involving religious, racial, and social difference (see for example, Dimmock, Jardine, Kamps and Singh, Matar, Smith, and Vitkus).
The repositioned meaning of “Renaissance” that emerged from this perspective was invoked as being more multidimensional and culturally fluid than the one traditionally centered in Italy. It thus questioned the assumption that the Renaissance was a purely Western movement. It recognized, for instance, that while European humanists had a strong interest in recovering their intellectual roots in classical antiquity, academic subjects such as mathematics also intersected with commercial practices based on Arabic and other non-Western technologies and modes of learning in various fields (Parker 9, 40–46; Brotton, 11). Overall, this global “turn” decentered a singular and fixed idea of the Renaissance; it did so by evoking varied cross-cultural encounters that included diverse actors related to Mughal and Ottoman courts, trading companies, Japanese rulers, and Mesoamerican rituals, among several others, while also charting the circulation and exchange of objects comprising the global material culture of the period. Similar recognitions of non-Western contributions, ranging from Muslim Spain, Mamluk Egypt, Ottoman Turkey, and Persia to what is considered the Renaissance have continued apace in early modern scholarship in recent years (Loomba 2019, 3) – an endeavor I continue in this second edition. The term “Renaissance,” which I have chosen to retain as the title for the second edition, is thus loosened from its earlier Eurocentric coordinates to be reclaimed as global within this edition’s wide-ranging chapters.
If in the first edition England was the dominant subject – albeit in shifting relationships with other kingdoms, cultures, and peoples – this second edition, with its original, updated essays and additional chapters, cumulatively decenters England’s place in the global economies of mercantile trade as well as cross-cultural exchanges in the period. With its broad subtitle, Literature and Culture in the Era of Expansion, 1500–1700, this present edition evokes a transnational perspective. It follows a similar – though more layered and complex – trajectory, marking a departure from the original edition: while still covering English economic expansion and cultural influence, it extends the scope of its investigation, moving beyond England to include intercultural and intracultural exchanges, transactions, and encounters involving major European states, the Islamic kingdoms of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires, territories in the Far East, sub-Saharan and North Africa, the Caribbean, and the Americas. This approach charts afresh a more complex discourse of the “global” via expanding networks of travel and traffic, with a further recognition of England’s struggles and rivalries with European nations such as Portugal, Spain, and The Netherlands as well with the aforementioned Islamic empires. England’s belatedness in relation to the Iberian powers is evident in the geographical reach of Richard Hakluyt’s monumental travel compilation, Principal Navigations, in which (in the second edition, 1598–1600) he nationalistically exhorts his countrymen to outpace their rivals: “nowe it is high time for us [England] to weigh our anker … to direct our course … [for the] Atlantic Ocean over which the Spaniards and Portuguese have made many voyages … [with] continuall and yerely trade in some one part of Africa or other for getting of slaves, for sugar, for Elephants’ teeth, grains, silver, gold, and other precious wares …” (Hakluyt 1598–1600, 5). What Hakluyt reveals here can be applied more broadly to the complex workings of the European global imaginary: mercantile trade and conquest, including the enslavement of peoples in the lands Europeans “discovered,” was divisively caught up in fierce commercial and political rivalries between the different powers, even while they often recognized their shared affinities as “white,” Christian nations. Thus, as a telling instance, early modern European slaving practices (also discussed in this second edition) were transnational and transcultural rather than a strictly national phenomenon (Gilroy, 15–17), implicating all the European powers in their economic systems and strained justifications.
Within these conceptual and historical coordinates, the contributions of the second edition map diverse perceptions of the world as global and interconnected from the perspectives and experiences of a wide range of figures. From the early sixteenth century onward, it became increasingly important for explorers, travelers, rulers, courtiers, ambassadors, ministers, missionaries (especially the Jesuits), merchants, mariners, slavers, writers, cartographers, artists, and some women as travelers not only to define themselves in terms of their own local identities but also to consider their experiences and achievements as part of an expanding global framework – often caught up within overlapping expansionist drives of disparate kingdoms and nations. Some sense of their perceptions can be glimpsed in selected unfolding sagas of individual and collective encounters, ranging from hostility to proximity and intimacy. These often occured in distinct settings – royal courts, seashores, ships, islands, markets, cities, trading posts (factories) – while taking a measure of language, gesture, dress, body markings, weapons, armor, or possessions in general. These interactions with “others” cover the gamut of fictional as well historical representations. Reflecting the mutually constitutive relationship between experiential and imaginary engagements within the conditions of global early modernity, these primary accounts of encounters and interactions include plays, poems, moral treatises, policy documents, ethnographic accounts, paintings, travel narratives (including slaving voyages), and religious dialogues, among others. In sum, when mediated through these accounts, the dominant, recurring trope of the encounter in Western travel narratives becomes multifarious and complex in our reappraisal of the global Renaissance.
Cross-cultural exchanges are marked by epistemological inclusivity as well as violence, understandings and misunderstandings across cultures, making visible the varied contingencies of human experience – of a constant reaching out to “worlds elsewhere,” both outwardly and inwardly. In her eloquent Afterword to this second edition, “Lyric Poetics for the Global Renaissance,” Ayesha Ramachandran calls for a “more substantive consideration of lyric poetry within the critical and methodological paradigm of the ‘Global Renaissance’ … to expand and deepen studies of both the lyric and the early modern experience of globality.” She calls for a mode of “lyric thinking,” to lead us to think afresh about the materiality of global drives, as she argues that “the unique conjunction of particular and universalizing modes of thinking in the lyric enable it to articulate a phenomenology of worldly experience. In this, the lyric performs the labor of inward abstraction, facilitating forms of thinking that explore what it means for individuals to inhabit a shifting, expanding world.” While some chapters in this second edition deal with epic poetry and poetic drama, and only Chapter 25 discusses lyric poems, the Afterword provides us with a retrospective nudge to reflect on the accounts of figures who appear in this volume via “a phenomenology of worldly experience ... [so] we might discern an alternate means of exploring and expressing the global.”
Within this context of my reflections on the experiential, and while gesturing toward “lyric thinking,” my aim in this volume is not to obfuscate the history of colonial ventures. Among the topics covered are forced expropriations of land, capitalist profit and exploitation of foreign labor by trading companies, and different forms of Western xenophobia, one effect of which was justifying English and European slaving practices. Overall, what is often evident is the convergence of racist ideologies with commercial imperatives underpinning Western globalization. In addition, what we can also observe is how economic networks reconfigured European systems of signification in producing racial and racist, often sexualized, typologies whereby non-European “others” were subordinated. In sum, my aim in this book (as well as the first edition) is not to paint a rosy picture of the Renaissance while emphasizing the trajectories of transnationalism and cosmopolitanism, as is the critique in recent scholarship (Loomba 2019, 1–3, 25). Rather, I think these chapters point to telling links between cross-cultural encounters and exchanges and emerging policies and ideas of the Western powers whose colonizing grasp was reaching out toward economic, religious, and cultural dominance. Furthermore, while recognizing the early modern period as an era of European expansion and emerging colonial ambitions, this edition eschews a singular ideological agenda that views colonialism as a hurtling juggernaut conquering the whole world. Rather, it calls for open spaces for a phenomenology of worldly experience while acknowledging the power of ruling elites and monarchs who guided the imperial destinies of their nations.
Perhaps most relevant to our own times, an important contribution of this edition of A Companion to the Global Renaissance is to show how globalizing perspectives on early modernity offer new venues for historically engaging with the legacies and genealogies of Western colonialism, racism, xenophobia, sexual orthodoxies, and anti-Islamic and anti-Semitic biases, among others. Thus, for instance a global early modernity can provide a useful lens for producing contemporary pedagogies of race, via comparative and contrapuntal
