Additive Manufacturing and Strategic Technologies in Advanced Ceramics E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Ceramic Transaction Series
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 367

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016

Beschreibung

This volume contains a collection of 22 papers submitted from the below seven symposia held during the 11th International Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Components for Energy and Environmental Applications (CMCEE-11), June 14-19, 2015 in Vancouver, BC, Canada:

• Additive Manufacturing Technologies
• Advanced Materials, Technologies, and Devices for Electro-optical and Biomedical Applications
• Multifunctional Coatings for Energy and Environmental Applications
• Novel, Green, and Strategic Processing and Manufacturing Technologies
• Powder Processing Technology for Advanced Ceramics
• Computational Design and Modeling
• Materials for Extreme Environments: Ultra-high Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) and Nanolaminated Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (MAX Phases)

Leseprobe

Additive Manufacturing and Strategic Technologies in Advanced Ceramics

Ceramic Transactions, Volume 258A Collection of Papers Presentedat CMCEE-11,June 14–19, 2015,Vancouver, BC, Canada

Edited by Kiyoshi ShimamuraSoshu KiriharaJun AkedoTatsuki OhjiMakio NaitoVolume EditorsMrityunjay SinghTatsuki OhjiAlexander Michaelis

Copyright © 2016 by The American Ceramic Society. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.Published simultaneously in Canada.

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ISBN: 978-1-119-23600-9ISSN: 1042-1122

CONTENTS

Preface

Additive Manufacturing Technologies

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF MICRO FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES THROUGH DIAMETER VARIABLE LASER STEREOLITHOGRAPHY AND PRECURSOR SINTERING HEAT TREATMENTS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

STEREOLITHOGRAPHIC ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF SOLID ELECTROLYTE DENDRITES WITH ORDERED POROUS STRUCTURES FOR FUEL CELL MINIATURIZATIONS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

GEOMETRICAL DESIGN

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Processing of thermoplastic suspensions for Additive Manufacturing of Ceramic-and Metal-Ceramic-Composites by Thermoplastic 3D-Printing (T3DP)

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

RESULTS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

MICRO-REACTORS MADE BY LITHOGRAPHY-BASED CERAMIC MANUFACTURING (LCM)

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

BASICS

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

STARTING WITH AN IDEA: ABOUT SIMULATION, PRACTICAL PRODUCTION TO CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPARISON

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

FUNCTIONALLY GRADED CERAMIC BASED MATERIALS USING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: REVIEW AND PROGRESS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

CURRENT RESEARCH

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Advanced Materials, Technologies, and Devices for Electro-Optical and Biomedical Applications

A NEUTRON DETECTOR BASED ON BORON-10 ENRICHED SCINTILLATING GLASSES

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2.

10

B GLASS PREPARATION

3. OPTICAL AND BEAM TESTS OF THE GLASS

4. DETECTOR PERFORMANCE STUDIES

5. CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

ENGINEERING APPROACH TO IMPROVE THE SOLID STATE LIGHTING CHARACTERISTICS WITH TRANSLUCENT POLY CRYSTALLINE ALUMINA

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. COMMERCIALIZATION

3. ARGUMENTS

4. CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

SINGLE CRYSTAL FIBERS OF CLADDED DOPED-YAG FOR HIGH POWER LASER AND AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

AMPLIFIER EXPERIMENTS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

SINGLE CRYSTAL GROWTH OF FERROELECTRIC LaBGeO

5

FOR OPTICAL FREQUENCY CONVERSION DEVICES

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTS

RESULTS

SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

THE GROWTH OF POTASSIUM TANTALATE NIOBATE (KTa

x

Nb

1-

x

O

3

) SINGLE CRYSTAL BY VERTICAL BRIDGMAN METHOD

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCE

GROWTH OF Y

3

Al

5

O

12

SINGLE CRYSTALS VIA EDGE-DEFINED FILM-FED GROWTH TECHNIQUE USING MO CRUCIBLES

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Multifunctional Coatings for Energy and Environmental Applications

NANOPARTICLE PASTE INJECTION INTO GAS-FLAME THERMAL SPRAY FOR SPEEDY CERAMIC COATING

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CONTRIBUTION TO ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF A XANTHENE DYE ONTO CU

2

O THIN FILM ELECTRODE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

SOLUTION PRECURSOR PLASMA SPRAYED SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDEGMENTS

REFERENCES

IMPROVEMENT OF INTERFACIAL STRENGTH FOR THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS BY FORMATION OF WEDGE-LIKE THERMALLY GROWN OXIDE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

MATERIALS USED AND SPRAYING SYSTEM

PRE-OXIDATION HEAT TREATMENTS AND HIGH TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE TESTS

FOUR-POINT BENDING TESTS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION SEM OBSERVATION

OXIDE GROWTH

FOUR POINT BENDING TESTS

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL ROLLER COATED BY HARD α-Al

2

O

3

FILM USING AEROSOL DEPOSITION PROCESS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Novel, Green, and Strategic Processing and Manufacturing Technologies

STEREOLITHOGRAPHIC ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF CERAMICS DENDRITES TO MODULATE ENERGY AND MATERIAL FLOWS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

NEW LIGHTWEIGHT KILN FURNITURE - PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND PROPERTIES

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

USED SHAPING TECHNOLOGIES

MANUFACTURING OF NEW KILN FURNITURE

CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW KILN FURNITURE

SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

THE ROLE OF CALPHAD APPROACH IN THE SINTERING OF B

4

C WITH SIC AS A SINTERING AID BY SPARK PLASMA SINTERING TECHNIQUE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

THERMODYNAMIC MODELING

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Powder Processing Technology for Advanced Ceramics

EFFECTIVE EXFOLIATION OF LAMINATED h–BN PARTICLES BY A NOVEL ROTATING DISK METHOD

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCE

Computational Design and Modeling

FEASIBLE AND RELIABLE

AB INITIO

APPROACH TO COMPUTATION OF MATERIALS RELEVANT FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Materials for Extreme Environments

PHASE EVOLUTION PHENOMENON DURING HOT PRESSING OF THE SHS OBTAINED Ti

3

AlC

2

PRECURSORS POWDERS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

PREPARATION

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Author Index

EULA

List of Tables

Chapter 3

Table 1.

Chapter 6

Table 1:

Chapter 8

Table 1.

Table 2.

Chapter 11

Table 1

Chapter 13

Table I.

Chapter 15

Table I:

Table II:

Chapter 16

Table 1

Chapter 19

Table I:

Chapter 20

Table 1.

Chapter 22

Table I.

Table II.

Table III.

Table IV.

Table V.

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

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Preface

The global challenges we face require innovative thinking and sustainable technology to meet increased demands for energy, clean water, and infrastructure. Research in materials, specifically ceramic materials, continues to provide solutions to everyday challenges such as environmental protection, energy supply and generation, and healthcare. The 11th International Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Components for Energy and Environmental Applications (11th CMCEE), held June 14-19, 2015 at the Hyatt Regency Vancouver in Vancouver, B.C., Canada, identified key challenges and opportunities for ceramic technologies to create sustainable materials.

This Ceramic Transactions volume contains papers submitted from the following seven symposia held in Track 4: Cross-Cutting Materials Technologies in Advanced Ceramics:

Additive Manufacturing Technologies

Advanced Materials, Technologies, and Devices for Electro-optical and Biomedical Applications

Multifunctional Coatings for Energy and Environmental Applications

Novel, Green, and Strategic Processing and Manufacturing Technologies

Powder Processing Technology for Advanced Ceramics

Computational Design and Modeling

Materials for Extreme Environments: Ultra-high Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) and Nanolaminated Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (MAX Phases)

After a peer-review process, 22 papers were accepted for inclusion in this proceedings volume. The editors wish to extend their gratitude and appreciation to all the symposium co-organizers for their help and support, to all the authors for their cooperation and contributions, to all the participants and session chairs for their time and efforts, and to all the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. We also acknowledge the organization and leadership provided by the meeting chairs, Mrityunjay Singh, Tatsuki Ohji, and Alexander Michaelis.

We hope these proceedings will serve as a useful resource for researchers and engineers working in the field of environmental science and technology.

KIYOSHI SHIMAMURA, NIMS, Japan SOSHUKIRIHARA, Osaka University, Japan JUNAKEDO, AIST, Japan TATSUKI OHJI, AIST, Japan MAKIO NAITO, Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Japan

Additive Manufacturing Technologies

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF MICRO FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES THROUGH DIAMETER VARIABLE LASER STEREOLITHOGRAPHY AND PRECURSOR SINTERING HEAT TREATMENTS

Soshu Kirihara

Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University 11-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki 567-0047 Osaka, Japan

ABSTRACT

Stereolithographic additive manufacturing was customized successfully to create micro ceramics components. Photo sensitive acrylic resin with alumina of 170 nm in diameters was spread on a glass substrate with 5 to 10 μm in layer thickness by using a mechanical knife edge. Cross sectional layers patterned by ultraviolet laser scanning of 10 to 100 μm in variable diameter were laminated to create composite precursors. Dense components could be obtained through dewaxing and sintering heat treatments. Photonic crystals with periodic arrangements in magnetic permeability were created to control electromagnetic waves in terahertz frequency range by Bragg diffraction. The terahertz waves can synchronize with vibration modes of various biochemical molecules. Efficient terahertz wave resonators to excite the molecule vibrations will be specifically applied for novel analyzers and reactors. The photonic crystals including micro cavities were designed and fabricated successfully to resonate with microwaves in terahertz frequency range. The wave transmittances through the photonic crystals including the liquid cells were measured by using a terahertz time domain spectroscopy, and cross sectional profiles of electric field intensities were calculated by a transmission line modeling method.

INTRODUCTION

Periodic arrangements in dielectric constants can reflect electromagnetic waves through Bragg diffraction. Especially called photonic crystals theoretically exhibits forbidden gaps prohibiting wave transmissions1. The diffraction wavelengths are comparable to the lattice constants. Diamond type micro lattices with isotropic periodicities were processed as the perfect structure to open the photonic band gaps for all crystal directions2. However, special lattice propagations were difficult to create by conventional machining of molding processes. In our investigation group, ceramics photonic crystals with diamond structures were created by stereolithographic additive manufacturing and nanoparticles sintering. The band gap formation in the terahertz frequency ranges had been observed3. In this investigation, single and double cavities were introduced into the diamond photonic crystals in order to study the characteristic resonance modes by using computer aided design, manufacture and evaluation. These structural misfits can localize the electromagnetic waves strongly through multiple reflections, and wave amplification can realize transmission peak formations in the photonic band gaps according to the defect size3. Micro lattices with structural defects can be applied as wavelength filters in the terahertz frequency range. Terahertz waves with micrometer wavelengths and far infrared frequencies are expected to be used in various types of novel sensors to detect dust on electric circuits, defects on material surfaces, cancer cells in human skin, and bacteria in vegetables4.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Diamond type photonic crystals with or without structural defects were designed using a graphics application (Magics 18, Materialise, Belgium) as shown in Fig. 1. Cavity defects of hollowed unit cells were arranged with center intervals of 1.5 and 2.0, as shown in Figs. 1 (a) and (b), respectively. Dielectric rods of coordination number 4 with an aspect ratio of 1.5 were connected with a coordination number of four to create a diamond structure with a 500 μm lattice constant. The designed model was converted into stereolithography files and sliced into a series of two dimensional layers. These numerical data were transferred to the stereolithographic equipment (SZ-1000S, Sezacc, Japan). Figure 2 shows a schematic illustration of the stereo-lithography fabrication process. Alumina particles (TM-DAR, Taimei Chemicals, Japan) of 170 nm in diameter were dispersed into a photosensitive acrylic resin at 40 vol. % by using a rotation and revolution mixing machine (SK-350T, Shashin Kagaku, Japan). The rotation and revolution speeds were 300 and 700 rpm, respectively. Fluid characteristics of the slurry paste were evaluated by a viscosity and viscoelasticity measuring instrument (VT550, Thermo Scientific, USA). Between two metal disks, the shear stresses were loaded by the rotating upper one on the lower one with a torque meter. The obtained slurry was squeezed onto the working stage from a dispenser nozzle and spread uniformly by a moving knife edge. The squeezing speed was 5 mm/s and the layer thickness was controlled to 10 μm. An ultraviolet laser of 355 nm in wave length is scanned on the ceramics slurry in order to create cross sectional planes with 5 μm in edge part accuracy. The laser beam was valued from 10 to 100 μm in spot size and from 10 to 200 mW in irradiation power. After the formation of the solid pattern, the elevator stage moved downward of 10 μm in the layer thickness, and then the next cross section is stacked. Three dimensional structures are fabricated by stacking all two dimensional layers. A microstructure was obtained through layer stacking of these cross sectional patterns. Uncured resin was removed by ultrasonic cleaning. The composite models were dewaxed at 600 °C for 2 hs and then sintered at 1500 °C for 2 hs in air. The heating rates were 1.0 and 8.0 °C/min in the dewaxing and sintering processes, respectively. The linear shrinkages of the created products were measured by digital optical microscopy (DOM) (VH-Z100, Keyence, Japan). The microstructures of the alumina lattices were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (JSM-6010LA, JEOL, Japan). A bulk sample of the sintered alumina was also fabricated to measure the relative densities by the Archimedes method. The transmission properties of the photonic crystals, with and without the structural defects, were analyzed to observe the band gap and the localized mode formation by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) (J-Spec, Nippo Precision, Japan). The dielectric constant of the alumina lattice was measured in the sintered bulk sample. A theoretical electromagnetic band diagram of the diamond photonic crystal was graphed through a plane wave expansion (PWE) application (Bandsolve, Rsoft, Japan). Intensity profiles of the structural defects in the presence of electric fields were simulated at localized mode frequencies using a transmission line modeling (TLM) simulator (Microstripes 7.0, Flomerics, UK).

Fig. 1 Graphic models of diamond photonic crystals, with cubic defects indicated by dark areas. Unit cells were hollowed from the lattice structures in order to create double-cavity defects with 1.5 and 2.0 periods in center intervals, as shown in (a) and (b), respectively.

Fig. 2 A Schematic illustration of laser scanning stereolithography of additive manufacturing. Two dimensional layers solidified through laser scanning on photo sensitive resin including with nanoparticles are stacked up to create three dimensional components.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

An acryl photonic crystal including with alumina particles fabricated by the micro stereolithography is shown in Fig. 3-(a). The lattice constant of the formed diamond structure was 500 μm. The solid part tolerances can be measured as ±5 μm by DOM. The homogenized dispersions of the alumina particles in the acrylic resin matrix are observed by SEM as shown in Fig. 3-(b). Through the dewaxing and sintering processes, ceramic diamond structures were successfully obtained. Figure 4-(a) shows the sintered diamond structure composed of the micrometer order alumina lattice. The lattice constant and the linear shrinkage were measured by DOM. The lattice constant was measured as 375 μm. The deformation and cracking were not observed. The linear shrinkage on the horizontal axis was 23.8 % and that on the vertical axis was 24.6 %. It was possible to obtain the uniform shrinkage by designing an appropriate elongated structure in the vertical direction for compensation to the gravity effect. The alumina microstructure of 99 % in relative density is observed by SEM as shown in Fig. 4