Advances in Ceramic Armor XI, Volume 36, Issue 4 E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 266

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

The Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceeding has been published by The American Ceramic Society since 1980. This series contains a collection of papers dealing with issues in both traditional ceramics (i.e., glass, whitewares, refractories, and porcelain enamel) and advanced ceramics. Topics covered in the area of advanced ceramic include bioceramics, nanomaterials, composites, solid oxide fuel cells, mechanical properties and structural design, advanced ceramic coatings, ceramic armor, porous ceramics, and more.

Leseprobe

Advances in Ceramic Armor XI

A Collection of Papers Presented at the 39th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites January 25-30, 2015 Daytona Beach, Florida

EditorsJerry C. LaSalvia Volume EditorsJingyang Wang Soshu Kirihara

Copyright © 2016 by The American Ceramic Society. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.

ISBN: 978-1-119-21153-2 ISSN: 0196-6219

CONTENTS

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

TNO’s RESEARCH ON CERAMIC BASED ARMOR

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

BALLISTIC TEST METHOD

ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

ENGINEERING MODEL

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

INVESTIGATION OF THE KINETIC ENERGY CHARACTERIZATION OF ADVANCED CERAMICS

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

PREDICTING THE LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE OF MULTILAYER TRANSPARENT ARMOR

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES

MODEL CONSTRUCTION & VALIDATION

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

OPERTOR TRAINING AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF CERAMIC ARMOR

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHOD

EQUIPMENT

TRAINING

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

FROM MICRON-SIZED PARTICLES TO NANOPARTICLES AND NANOBELTS : STRUCTURAL NON-UNIFORMITY IN THE SYNTHESIS OF BORON CARBIDE BY CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTIONREACTION

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

NANOCRYS TALLINE BORON CARBIDE POWDER SYNTHESIZED VIA CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION REACTION

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF AMORPHOUS BORON NITRIDE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

c-BN SEEDING EFFECT ON THE PHASE TRANSITION OF a-BN(OC) COMPOUND

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

SCREENING OF SILICON PRECURSORS FOR INCORPORATION INTO BORON CARBIDE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

PROCESSING OF BORON RICH BORON CARBIDE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

RESULTS

FUTURE WORK

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

REACTION BONDED SIC/DIAMOND COMPOSITES: PROPERTIES AND IMPACT BEHAVIOR IN HIGH STRAIN RATE APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

TEST METHODS AND SAMPLE PREPARATION

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

INFLUENCE OF POWDER OXYGEN CONTENT ON SILICON CARBIDE MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TiB

2

HARDCERAMIC MATERIALS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

IMPROVING FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF ALUMINA WITH MULTI- WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE AND ALUMINA FIBER REINFORCEMENTS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

TESTING AND CHARACTERIZATION

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

AUTHOR INDEX

EULA

List of Tables

Table 1. Properties of the monolithic and step-graded ceramic samples made by SPS

Table 2: Comparison in durati on of dwell time as obtained with the energy test method (experiments) and calculation using equation 5 for 7.62 APM2 impacting bare tiles, biceramic and ceramic based armor targets at 830 m/s.

Table 2. Comparative performance of ceramics based on C

p

Table I: Attenuation Coefficients & Reflectances for Common TA Materials

Table II: Comparison of Measured vs. Predicted Transmittances to Evaluate the Magnitude of Internal Reflections

Table III: Modeled and Empirical Transmittances for Two Sample TA Formulae

Table 1:

molar ratio of boric acid, sucrose and water for two different recipes.

Table 1. The mixtures wi th varying lactose/boric acid molar ratio

Table 1.

Comparison of the starting compositions on the final yield of powders

Table 1.

Sample list.

Table 2.

Theoretical and experimental densities of monolithic boron carbide samples.

Table 3.

Lattice parameters and Carbon concentration of each sample.

Table 4.

Grain size of boron rich samples

Table I: Summary of Properties and Techniques Used to Quantify the Various Composites

Table II: Properties of RB SiC/Diamond Composites with 21 vol% Diamond Particles

Table III: Properties of 20μm SiC/Diamond Composites with Varying Diamond Content

Table I. Powder type, age, oxygen content, and amount of carbon additive used in each sample.

Table II. Sample property comparisons.

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

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Preface

I had the pleasure of being the lead organizer for the 13th Armor Ceramics Symposium in 2015 at the 39th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites. I am very grateful for the guidance and support that was provided by Jeff Swab, Andy Wereszczak, and the organizing committee in putting this symposium together. Consistent with the history of this symposium, we strived to create a program that would foster discussion and collaboration between researchers from around the world in academia, government, and industry on various scientific issues associated with the topic of armor ceramics.

The 2015 symposium consisted of approximately 68 invited, contributing, and poster presentations from the international scientific community in the areas of synthesis & processing, manufacturing, materials characterization, testing & evaluation, quasi-static & dynamic behavior, modeling, and application. In addition, because of their importance for the foreseeable future, this symposium also had special focused topic sessions on Advanced Materials Characterization, Intergranular Films, and ceramic armor research by the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO). Based on feedback from attendees, the 2015 symposium was a success, and the manuscripts contained in these proceedings are from some of the presentations that comprised the 13th edition of the Armor Ceramics Symposium.

On behalf of Jeff Swab and the organizing committee, I would like to thank all of the presenters, authors, session chairs, and manuscript reviewers for their efforts in making this symposium and the associated proceedings a success. I would also especially like to thank Andy Wereszczak, Vlad Domnich, Mike Golt, Steve Kilczewski, Kris Behler, Victoria Blair, Jonathan Ligda, Jim McCauley, and Nitin Daphalapurkar for hosting and chairing the symposium when we were unable to due to remnant effects of Sequestration. Last, but not least, I would like to recognize Marilyn Stoltz and Greg Geiger of The American Ceramic Society, for their support and tireless efforts without which the success of this symposium would not be possible.

JERRY C. LASALVIA Symposium Chair, Armor Ceramics

Introduction

This CESP issue consists of papers that were submitted and approved for the pro-ceedings of the 39th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC), held January 25-30, 2015 in Daytona Beach, Florida. ICACC is the most prominent international meeting in the area of advanced structural, functional, and nanoscopic ceramics, composites, and other emerging ceramic materials and technologies. This prestigious conference has been organized by the Engineering Ceramics Division (ECD) of The American Ceramic Society (ACerS) since 1977.

The 39th ICACC hosted more than 1,000 attendees from 40 countries and over 800 presentations. The topics ranged from ceramic nanomaterials to structural reliability of ceramic components which demonstrated the linkage between materials science developments at the atomic level and macro level structural applications. Papers addressed material, model, and component development and investigated the interrelations between the processing, properties, and microstructure of ceramic materials.

The 2015 conference was organized into the following 21 symposia and sessions:

Symposium 1

Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites

Symposium 2

Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental, and Functional Applications

Symposium 3

12th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC): Materials, Science, and Technology

Symposium 4

Armor Ceramics: Challenges and New Developments

Symposium 5

Next Generation Bioceramics and Biocomposites

Symposium 6

Advanced Materials and Technologies for Energy Generation and Rechargeable Energy Storage

Symposium 7

9th International Symposium on Nanostructured Materials and Nanocomposites

Symposium 8

9th International Symposium on Advanced Processing & Manufacturing Technologies for Structural & Multifunctional Materials and Systems (APMT), In Honor of Prof. Stuart Hampshire

Symposium 9

Porous Ceramics: Novel Developments and Applications

Symposium 10

Virtual Materials (Computational) Design and Ceramic Genome

Symposium 11

Advanced Materials and Innovative Processing ideas for the Industrial Root Technology

Symposium 12

Materials for Extreme Environments: Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) and Nanolaminated Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (MAX Phases)

Symposium 13

Advanced Ceramics and Composites for Sustainable Nuclear Energy and Fusion Energy

Focused Session 1

Geopolymers, Chemically Bonded Ceramics, Eco-friendly and Sustainable Materials

Focused Session 2

Advanced Ceramic Materials and Processing for Photonics and Energy

Focused Session 3

Materials Diagnostics and Structural Health Monitoring of Ceramic Components and Systems

Focused Session 4

Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies

Focused Session 5

Single Crystalline Materials for Electrical, Optical and Medical Applications

Focused Session 6

Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena at High Temperatures

Special Session

2nd European Union-USA Engineering Ceramics Summit

Special Session

4th Global Young Investigators Forum

The proceedings papers from this conference are published in the below seven issues of the 2015 CESP; Volume 36, Issues 2-8, as listed below.

Mechanical Properties and Performance of Engineering Ceramics and Composites X, CESP Volume 36, Issue 2 (includes papers from Symposium 1)

Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electronic Ceramics, CESP Volume 36, Issue 3 (includes papers from Symposium 3 and Focused Session 5)

Advances in Ceramic Armor XI, CESP Volume 36, Issue 4 (includes papers from Symposium 4)

Advances in Bioceramics and Porous Ceramics VIII, CESP Volume 36, Issue 5 (includes papers from Symposia 5 and 9)

Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies for Nanostructured and Multifunctional Materials II, CESP Volume 36, Issue 6 (includes papers from Symposia 7 and 8 and Focused Sessions 4 and 6)

Ceramic Materials for Energy Applications V, CESP Volume 36, Issue 7 (includes papers from Symposia 6 and 13 and Focused Session 2)

Developments in Strategic Ceramic Materials, CESP Volume 36, Issue 8 (includes papers from Symposia 2, 10, 11, and 12; from Focused Sessions 1 and 3); the European-USA Engineering Ceramics Summit; and the 4th Annual Global Young Investigator Forum

The organization of the Daytona Beach meeting and the publication of these proceedings were possible thanks to the professional staff of ACerS and the tireless dedication of many ECD members. We would especially like to express our sincere thanks to the symposia organizers, session chairs, presenters and conference attendees, for their efforts and enthusiastic participation in the vibrant and cutting-edge conference.

ACerS and the ECD invite you to attend the Jubilee Celebration of the 40th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (http://www.ceramics.org/daytona2016) January 24-29, 2016 in Daytona Beach, Florida.

To purchase additional CESP issues as well as other ceramic publications, visit the ACerS-Wiley Publications home page at www.wiley.com/go/ceramics.

JINGYANGWANG, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China

SOSHUKIRIHARA, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Volume Editors July 2015

TNO’s RESEARCH ON CERAMIC BASED ARMOR

Erik Carton, Geert Roebroeks, Jaap Weerheijm, André Diederen and Manfred Kwint

Group Explosions, Ball istics and Protection, TNO P.O. Box 45, Rijswijk, The Netherlands

ABSTRACT

Several specially designed experimental techni ques including an alternative test method have been developed for the evaluation of ceramic based armor. Armor grade ceramics and a range of combined materials have been tested using 7.62 AP rounds. Using the energy method [12] the dwell-time and total energy absorbed from the AP core were determined. In additional tests ti me-resolved fracturing of the ceramic tile (fragments) was recorded using high-speed video at one million frames per second. Also the particle size distribution of the fragments were measured in order to determine the total fracture surface area. The information provided by the results of all tests has resulted in an energy-based engineering model that allows calculation of the dwell-ti me, erosion and residual velocity of an AP-core. The model predicts the mass and velocity of residual AP cores rather well assuming a failure period during which the intact ceramic material transfers into a massively broken medium. The model does not require detailed mechanical properties of the ceramic materials. This reflects the difficulty within the ceramic armor research community to find a relation between mechanical properties and ballistic efficiency of armor ceramics. The developed engineering model creates a renewed understanding of the relevant phenomena, that could explain the ballistic efficiency of ceramic armor.

INTRODUCTION

Over the last years TNO’s Laboratory for Ballistic Research has focused its R& D on the subject of armor ceramics, as a component of an armor system, as well as on ceramic based armor; a combination of ceramic and other materials together forming an armor system. The optimization of ceramic based armor systems is targeted by the armor community to obtain more weight efficient protection. However, armor ceramics are still not very well understood, hence there may still be a lot to gain if one can determine the main mechanisms that occur during the short interaction time between a high speed projectile and a ceramic-based armor. TNO’s research has been limited to 7.62 AP rounds and therefore is mainly focused on body-armor applications, however the scope will be expanded to vehicle armor in the coming years.

Generally speaking ceramics are an effective class of armor materials as they can both erode a hard projectile (core), hence change the nose shape and reduce its mass, and project the impact forces over an area much wider than the projectile diameter. The latter will reduce stress by spreading forces exerted on the backing material, preventing its local failure thereby allowing a large volume of backing material to be involved in the projectile-target interaction.