Advances in Industrial Mixing E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1582

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

Advances in Industrial Mixing is a companion volume and update to the Handbook of Industrial Mixing. The second volume fills in gaps for a number of industries that were not covered in the first edition. Significant changes in five of the fundamental areas are covered in entirely updated or new chapters. The original text is provided as a searchable pdf file on the accompanying USB. * This book explains industrial mixers and mixing problems clearly and concisely. * Gives practical insights by the top professionals in the field, combining industrial design standards with fundamental insight. * Details applications in 14 key industries. Six of these are new since the first edition. * Provides the professional with information he/she did not receive in school. * Five completely rewritten chapters on mixing fundamentals where significant advances have happened since the first edition and seven concise update chapters which summarize critical technical information.

Leseprobe

ADVANCE IN INDUSTRIAL MIXING

A COMPANION TO THE HANDBOOK OF INDUSTRIAL MIXING

Edited bySuzanne M. KrestaProfessorUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton, CanadaArthur W. Etchells IIIDuPont Fellow Emeritus, Adjunct Professor Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJDavid S. DickeyMixTech, Inc., Coppell, Texas, USAVictor A. Atiemo-ObengFellow, Core Research & DevelopmentThe Dow Chemical Company (Retired), Midland, MI

Sponsored by the North American Mixing Forum

Cover: The dual cavern image is courtesy of Clara Gomez and Scott Webster, of Coanda Research & Development Corporation, Burnaby, BC, Canada.

Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.

ISBN: 978-0-470-52382-7

CONTENTS

Contributors List

Editors’ Introduction

1 Organization of the Advances Volume

2 Mixing in Perspective

3 Scope of the

HANDBOOK

and

ADVANCES VOLUME

4 Mixing Nomenclature and Unit Conversions

5 Acknowledgments

References

Contents of the DVD, Including Instructional Videos

Electronic (PDF) Version of the Handbook of Industrial Mixing

Color Figures and Troubleshooting Charts

22 Instructional Videos

Video Library

Sources of Additional Videos

Introduction: A Technical Definition of Mixing

Range of Industrial Mixing Applications

Three Dimensions of Segregation: A Technical Definition of Mixing

Identifying Mixing Problems: Defining the Critical Scales and Process Objectives

Notation

References

Chapter 1a Residence Time Distributions

1a-1 Introduction

Chapter 1b Mean Age Theory for Quantitative Mixing Analysis

1b-1 Introduction

1b-2 Age and Time in a Flow System

1b-3 Governing Equations of Mean Age and Higher Moments

1b-4 Computation of Mean Age

1b-5 Relations of Mean Age and Residence Time Distribution

1b-6 Variances and the Degree of Mixing

1b-7 Mean Age and Concentration in a CFSTR

1b-8 Probability Distribution Function of Mean Age

1b-9 Future Development of Mean Age Theory

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 2a Turbulence in Mixing Applications

2a-1 Introduction

Chapter 2b Update to Turbulence in Mixing Applications

2b-1 Introduction

2b-2 The Velocity Field and Turbulence

2b-3 Spectrum of Turbulent Length Scales: Injection of Scalar (Either Reagent or Additive) and the Macro-, Meso-, and Microscales of Mixing

2b-4 Turbulence and Mixing of Solids, Liquids, and Gases

2b-5 Specifying Mixing Requirements for a Process

2b-6 Conclusions

Notation

References

Chapter 3a Laminar Mixing: A Dynamical Systems Approach

3a-1 Introduction

Chapter 3b Microstructure, Rheology, and Processing of Complex Fluids

3b-1 Introduction

3b-2 Literature Analysis—Mixing of Complex Fluids

3b-3 Common Complex Fluid Rheology Classes and Their Effects

3b-4 Conclusions

Nomenclature

Notes

References

Chapter 4 Experimental Methods:

4-1 Introduction

Chapter 5a Computational Fluid Mixing

5a-1 Introduction

Chapter 5b CFD Modeling of Stirred Tank Reactors

5b-1 Numerical Issues

5b-2 Turbulence Models

5b-3 Quantitative Predictions

5b-4 Modeling Other Physics

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 6a Mechanically Stirred Vessels

6b-1 Introduction

Chapter 6b Flow Patterns and Mixing

6b-1 Introduction

6b-2 Circulation Patterns

6b-3 Coupling the Velocity Field with Applications

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 6c Vessel Heads: Depths, Volumes, and Areas

6c-1 Head Depth

6c-2 Head Volume

6c-3 Head Area

6c-4 Dimensionless Coefficients for Torispherical Heads

6c-5 Calculations for Conical Bottoms

6c-6 Other Types of Bottoms

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 7a Mixing in Pipelines

7a-1 Introduction

Chapter 7b Update to Mixing in Pipelines

7b-1 Introduction

7b-2 Use of CFD with Static Mixers

7b-3 Recent Developments in Single-Phase Blending

7b-4 Recent Developments in Multiphase Dispersions

7b-5 Mixing with Static Mixers When Solids Are Present

Notation

Bibliography

References

Chapter 7c Introduction to Micromixers

7c-1 Introduction

7c-2 Mixing and Transport Phenomena

7c-3 Micromixer Geometries and Fluid Contacting Mechanisms

7c-4 Characterization of Flow and Mixing

7c-5 Multiphase Mixing

7c-6 Commercial Equipment and Industrial Examples

7c-7 Evaluation of the Current and Future Applicability of Microreactors in Industry

Notation

Suggested Reading

References

Chapter 8 Rotor–Stator Mixing Devices

8.1 Introduction

Chapter 9a Blending of Miscible Liquids

9.1 Introduction

Chapter 9b Laminar Mixing Processes in Stirred Vessels

9b-1 Introduction

9b-2 Laminar Mixing Background

9b-3 Rheologically complex fluids

9b-4 Heat Effects

9b-5 Laminar Mixing Equipment

9b-6 Key Design Parameters

9b-7 Power Number and Power Constant

9b-8 Experimental Techniques to Determine Blend Time

9b-9 Mixing Efficiency

9b-10 Characterization of the Mixing Flow Field

9b-11 Hydrodynamic Characterization of Laminar Blending

9b-12 Application of Chaos in Mixing

9b-13 Selecting an Appropriate Geometry for Generic Applications

9b-14 Heat and Mass Transfer in the Laminar Mixing

9b-15 Industrial Mixing Process Requirements

9b-16 Scale-up Rules in the Laminar Regime

9b-17 Mixer Troubleshooting and Engineering Calculations

9b-18 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 10 Solid–Liquid Mixing

10-1 Introduction and Scope

10-2 Solid and Liquid Physical Characteristics

10-3 Agitation of Sinking or Settling Solids

10-4 Incorporation and Dispersion of Floating Solids (N. G. Özcan-Taşkin)

10-5 Attrition and Particle Damage

10-6 Solids Suspension and Distribution Using Liquid Jets

10-7 Mass Transfer

10-8 Lab and Pilot-Scale Testing

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 11 Gas—Liquid Mixing in Turbulent Systems

11-1 Introduction

Chapter 12 Immiscible Liquid–Liquid Systems

12-1 Introduction

Chapter 13a Mixing and Chemical Reactions

13a-1 Introduction

Chapter 13b Scale-up Using the Bourne Protocol: Reactive Crystallization and Mixing Example

13b-1 Example: Redesigning an Uncontrolled Precipitation to a Reactive Crystallization

Notes

References

Chapter 14a Heat Transfer

14a-1 Introduction

Chapter 14b Heat Transfer In Stirred Tanks—Update

14b-1 Introduction

14b-2 Consideration of Heat Transfer Surfaces used in Mixing Systems

14b-3 Heating And Cooling Of Liquids

14b-4 Summary of Proposed Equations Used in Heat Transfer for Stirred Tanks

14b-5 Methodology for Design of Heating for a Mixing System

14b-6 Example

Acknowledgments

Notes

References

Chapter 15 Solids Mixing

15-1 Introduction: Fundamentals of Solids Mixing

15-2 Introduction: Industrial Applications

Chapter 16 Mixing of Highly Viscous Fluids, Polymers, and Pastes

16-1 Introduction

Chapter 17 Mixing in the Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Industries

17-1 Introduction

Chapter 18 Mixing in the Fermentation and Cell Culture Industries

18-1 Introduction

Chapter 19 Fluid Mixing Technology in the Petroleum Industry

19.1 Introduction

Chapter 20 Mixing in the Pulp and Paper Industry

20-1 Introduction

Chapter 21a Mechanical Design of Mixing Equipment

21a-1 Introduction

Chapter 21b Magnetic Drives for Mixers

21b-1 Introduction

21b-2 Laboratory Magnetic Stirrers

21b-3 Top-Entering Magnetic Mixer Drives

21b-4 Bottom-Entering Magnetic Mixer Drives

Chapter 22 Role of the Mixing Equipment Supplier

22-1 Introduction

Chapter 23 Commissioning Mixing Equipment

23-1 Introduction

23-2 Commissioning Concepts

23-3 Instructions for Commissioning

23-4 Safety Instructions

23-5 Receiving the Equipment

23-6 Kinds of Storage

23-7 Installation

23-8 Lubrication

23-9 Wiring

23-10 Initial Operation

23-11 Troubleshooting

23-12 Maintenance

23-13 Commissioning Shaft Seals

23-14 Mechanical Checkout, Startup, and Troubleshooting of Agitator Equipment

23-15 Summary

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 24 Mixing Safety

24-1 Introduction

24-2 The Practice of Risk Management

24-3 Summary Comments on Mixing Safety

References

Chapter 25 Mixing Issues in Crystallization and Precipitation Operations

25-1 Introduction

25-2 Basic Crystallization Concepts

25-3 Impact of Mixing on Primary Heterogeneous Nucleation

25-4 Impact of Mixing on Secondary Nucleation

25-5 Impact of Mixing on Crystal Growth and Dissolution Rates

25-6 Selecting Operating Conditions to Optimize Crystal Suspension and Withdrawal

25-7 Damkoehler Number for Nucleation and Subsurface Feeding of Reactants

25-8 Stirred Vessel Crystallizers

25-9 Other Types of Equipment

25-10 Precipitation

25-11 Agglomeration and Oiling Out

25-12 Conclusions

Nomenclature

References

Appendices

Chapter 26 Mixing in the Water and Wastewater Industry

26-1 Introduction

26-2 Mixing in Drinking Water Treatment

26-3 Mixing in Wastewater Treatment

26-4 Mixing in Sludge Treatment

26-5 Conclusions

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 27 Mixing in the Food Industry

27-1 Introduction

27-2 Building or Reducing Texture Through Mixing