Agricultural and Food Electroanalysis E-Book

Alberto Escarpa

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1017

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

Agricultural and Food Electroanalysis offers a comprehensive rationale of electroanalysis, revealing its enormous potential in agricultural food analysis. A unique approach is used which fills a gap in the literature by bringing in applications to everyday problems.

This timely text presents in-depth descriptions about different electrochemical techniques following their basic principles, instrumentation and main applications. Such techniques offer invaluable features such as inherent miniaturization, high sensitivity and selectivity, low cost, independence of sample turbidity, high compatibility with modern technologies such as microchips and biosensors, and the use of exciting nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanowires.

Due to the advantages that modern electroanalytical techniques bring to food analysis, and the huge importance and emphasis given today to food quality and safety, this comprehensive work will be an essential read for professionals and researchers working in analytical laboratories and development departments, and a valuable guide for students studying for careers in food science, technology and chemistry.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

List of Contributors

Preface

Chapter 1: Electroanalysis and Food Analysis

1.1 Introduction and Adequacy of Electroanalysis for Food Analysis

1.2 Methodologies Related to Measurement Techniques

1.3 Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Food Components

1.4 Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Analysis of Food

1.5 Future Trends

1.6 Acknowledgments

References

Part I:Electroanalytical Techniques in Batch and Continuous Systems in Food Analysis

Chapter 2: Voltammetric Techniques

2.1 Introduction

2.2 An Overview of Sweep Potential Electrochemical Techniques

2.3 Applications of Voltammetric Techniques in Food Analysis

2.4 Concluding Remarks

Abbreviations

References

Chapter 3: Flow-Injection Analysis with Electrochemical Detection

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Screening the Literature

3.3 Voltammetry under Flowing Stream

3.4 Flow Injection Analysis Principles

3.5 Batch Injection Analysis Principles

3.6 Sequential Injection Analysis Principles

3.7 Applications

3.8 Advantages of Voltammetry under Flowing Stream

3.9 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 4: HPLC Techniques with Electrochemical Detection

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Fundamentals

4.3 Analytical Designs and Performance

4.4 Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 5: Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Separation Techniques in Agricultural and Food Analysis

5.3 ECD in the CE Analysis of Foods and Agricultural Products

5.4 Instrumentations of CE-ECD

5.5 Determination of Nutritions by CE-ECD

5.6 Determination of Phenolic Compounds by CE-ECD

5.7 Determination of Purines by CE-ECD

5.8 Determination of Food Additives by CE-ECD

5.9 Summary

Abbreviations

Acknowledgments

References

Part II:Electrochemical Sensing in Food Analysis

Chapter 6: Microelectrode Designs

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Microfabrication Techniques

6.3 Screen-Printing for Producing Electrochemical Sensors

6.4 Conclusions and Perspectives

References

Chapter 7: Potentiometric Sensors

7.1 Introduction

7.2 The Types of Potentiometry

7.3 The Selectivity of Ion-selective Electrodes and Its Determination

7.4 Measuring Electrodes Used in Potentiometric Analysis

7.5 Special Tasks

7.6 Application of Potentiometric Measurements for Anions

References

Chapter 8: Electrochemical Enzyme Biosensors

8.1 Introduction

8.2 General Features of Enzyme Biosensors

8.3 Analytical Features of Enzyme Based Biosensors

8.4 Examples of Electrochemical Enzymatic Biosensors for Food Analysis

8.5 Conclusion

References

Chapter 9: Electrochemical Immunosensors

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Defining the Problem: The Targets

9.3 Recognizing the Target

9.4 Immunosensing Architectures

9.5 Performing Affinity Interactions for Molecular Recognition

9.6 Transducing Immunological Events

9.7 Advancing in Real Immunosensing

9.8 Processing Data

9.9 Conclusions

References

Chapter 10: Electrochemical Genosensors

10.1 General Introduction on Electrochemical Genosensors

10.2 Detection Methodologies

10.3 Applications

10.4 Conclusions and Future Trends

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

References

Chapter 11: Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials

11.1 Why Nanoscale Materials?

11.2 Nanowires, Nanotubes, and Nanoparticles

11.3 Nanomaterial-based Electrochemical Biosensors

11.4 Future Prospects

References

Chapter 12: Electrochemical Sensing on Microfluidic Chips

12.1 Electrochemical Detection Implementation in Microfluidic Chips

12.2 Microchip Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection for Food Analysis

12.3 Microfluidic Chips with Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Detection for Food Analysis

12.4 Microfluidic Electrochemical Biosensing Chips for Food Analysis

12.5 Outlook

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 13: Nanoelectrochemistry Applications Based on Electrospinning

13.1 A Note on Nanoelectrochemistry

13.2 Electrochemical Sensors Modified with Nanofibrous Membranes

13.3 Introduction to Electrospinning

13.4 Applications of Electrochemical Sensors Based on Electrospinning

References

Chapter 14: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Impedance Spectroscopy – Theoretical Background

14.3 Chemical Sensors

14.4 Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Impedance Spectroscopy

14.5 Nonelectrochemical Interfacial Impedance

14.6 Conclusions and Perspectives

References

Part III:Industrial Implications

Chapter 15: Electroanalysis in Food Process Control

15.1 Sensors in Food Process

15.2 Electronic Nose

15.3 Electronic Nose Technologies

15.4 Electronic Noses for the Food Industry

15.5 Electronic Tongue

15.6 Pattern Recognition Models

15.7 Sampling

15.8 Conclusions

References

Chapter 16: Instrumental Aspects of Food Analysis by Electrochemical Methods

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Principles

16.3 Instrumentation for Electrochemical Detection

16.4 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Index

End User License Agreement

Pages

xv

xvi

xvii

xix

xx

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

251

252

253

254

255

256

257

258

259

260

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

279

280

281

282

283

284

285

286

287

288

289

290

291

292

293

295

296

297

298

299

300

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

308

309

310

311

312

313

314

315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

328

329

331

332

333

334

335

336

337

338

339

340

341

342

343

344

345

346

347

348

349

350

351

352

353

354

355

356

357

358

359

360

361

362

363

364

365

366

367

368

369

370

371

372

373

374

375

376

377

378

379

381

382

383

384

385

386

387

388

389

390

391

392

393

394

395

396

397

398

399

400

401

402

403

404

405

406

407

408

409

410

411

412

413

414

415

416

417

418

419

423

424

425

426

427

428

429

430

431

432

433

434

435

436

437

438

439

440

441

443

444

445

446

447

448

449

450

451

452

453

454

455

456

457

458

459

460

461

462

463

464

465

466

467

468

469

470

471

472

473

474

475

476

477

21

137

421

479

480

481

482

483

484

485

486

487

488

489

490

491

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

Begin Reading

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1: Electroanalysis and Food Analysis

Figure 1.1 (a) Schematic diagram of the batch injection cell containing the three-electrode system. (b) BIA amperometric responses of PB-modified graphite composite electrode for 100–600 µmol/l H

2

O

2

. Reproduced from Ref. [11] with permission from Elsevier

Figure 1.2 (a) Schematic diagram of SI-LOV manifold for hypoxanthine analysis: C, carrier (H

2

O); SP, syringe pump; HC, holding coil; W, waste; A, air; S, sample; PBS, phosphate buffer solution, EFC, electrochemical flow cell (internal volume 200 µl). (b) Stripping voltammograms for (a–i) 0.05–10 mmol/l hypoxanthine. Inset: log I

p

vs. log hypoxanthine concentration calibration plot. Reproduced from Ref. [13] with permission from Elsevier

Figure 1.3 Scheme of the microfluidic device for sulfonamides separation and detection. Reproduced from Ref. [16] with permission from Elsevier

Figure 1.4 Schemes of the experimental setups of: (a) a hybrid electronic tongue for the control of the beer production process. Reproduced from Ref. [38] with permission from Elsevier. (b) A bioelectronic tongue for quantification of polyphenols in wine. Reproduced from Ref. [31] with permission from Elsevier

Figure 1.5 Coaxial needle electrode used for the analysis of food samples by impedance measurements. Reproduced from Ref. [42] with permission from Elsevier

Figure 1.6 (a) Scheme of the sensor preparation and (b) electrochemical impedance responses for 0–0.001 M melamine and calibration plot. Reproduced from Ref. [45] with permission from Elsevier

Figure 1.7 (a) Cross-section of the electrochemical microdevice for the determination of rice freshness, and a rice grain. (b and c) Images of the devices for 1 and 10 rice grains. Reproduced from Ref. [48] with permission from Elsevier