All New Electronics Self-Teaching Guide E-Book

Harry Kybett

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 362

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

For almost 30 years, this book has been a classic text forelectronics enthusiasts. Now completely updated for today?stechnology with easy explanations and presented in a moreuser-friendly format, this third edition helps you learn theessentials you need to work with electronic circuits. All you needis a general understanding of electronics concepts such as Ohm?slaw and current flow, and an acquaintance with first-year algebra.The question-and-answer format, illustrative experiments, andself-tests at the end of each chapter make it easy for you to learnat your own speed.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

About the Author

Credits

Acknowledgments

Introduction

What This Book Teaches

How This Book Is Organized

Conventions Used In This Book

How to Use This Book

Chapter 1: DC Review and Pre-Test

Current Flow

Ohm's Law

Resistors in Series

Resistors in Parallel

Power

Small Currents

The Graph of Resistance

The Voltage Divider

The Current Divider

Switches

Capacitors in a DC Circuit

Summary

DC Pre-Test

Chapter 2: The Diode

Understanding Diodes

The Diode Experiment

Diode Breakdown

The Zener Diode

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 3: Introduction to the Transistor

Understanding Transistors

The Transistor Experiment

The Junction Field Effect Transistor

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 4: The Transistor Switch

Turning the Transistor on

Turning the Transistor off

Why Transistors are Used as Switches

The Three-Transistor Switch

Alternative Base Switching

Switching The JFET

The JFET Experiment

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 5: AC Pre-Test and Review

The Generator

Resistors in AC Circuits

Capacitors in AC Circuits

The Inductor in an AC Circuit

Resonance

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 6: AC in Electronics

Capacitors in AC Circuits

Capacitors and Resistors in Series

The High Pass Filter Experiment

Phase Shift of an RC Circuit

Resistor and Capacitor in Parallel

Inductors in AC Circuits

Phase Shift for an RL Circuit

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 7: Resonant Circuits

The Capacitor and Inductor in Series

The Output Curve

Introduction to Oscillators

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 8: Transistor Amplifiers

Working with Transistor Amplifiers

A Stable Amplifier

Biasing

The Emitter Follower

Analyzing an Amplifier

The JFET as an Amplifier

The Operational Amplifier

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 9: Oscillators

Understanding Oscillators

Feedback

The Colpitts Oscillator

The Hartley Oscillator

The Armstrong Oscillator

Practical Oscillator Design

Oscillator Troubleshooting Checklist

Summary and Applications

Self-Test

Chapter 10: The Transformer

Transformer Basics

Transformers in Communications Circuits

Summary and Applications

Self-Test

Chapter 11: Power Supply Circuits

Diodes in AC Circuits Produce Pulsating DC

Level DC (Smoothing Pulsating DC)

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 12: Conclusion and Final Self-Test

Conclusion

Final Self-Test

Appendix A: Glossary

Appendix B: List of Symbols and Abbreviations

Appendix C: Powers of Ten and Engineering Prefixes

Appendix D: Standard Composition Resistor Values

Appendix E: Supplemental Resources

Web Sites

Books

Magazines

Suppliers

Appendix F: Equation Reference

Appendix G: Schematic Symbols Used in This Book

Index

All New Electronics Self-Teaching Guide, Third Edition

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Copyright © 2008 Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 978-0-470-28961-7

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To my wonderful wife Nancy.

Thanks for wandering through life side by side with me.

About the Author

Earl Boysen is an engineer who, after 20 years working in the computer chip industry, decided to slow down and move to a quiet town in the state of Washington. Boysen is the co-author of three other books: Electronics for Dummies (Indianapolis: Wiley, 2005), Electronics Projects for Dummies (Indianapolis: Wiley, 2006), and Nanotechnology for Dummies (Indianapolis: Wiley, 2005). He lives with his wife, Nancy, in a house they built together, and finds himself busy as ever writing books and running two technology-focused Web sites. His site, www.BuildingGadgets.com, focuses on electronics circuits and concepts. The other site, www.understandingnano.com, provides clear explanations of nanotechnology topics. Boysen holds a masters degree in Engineering Physics from the University of Virginia.

Credits

Executive Editor

Carol Long

Development Editor

Kevin Shafer

Technical Editor

Rex Miller

Production Editor

Eric Charbonneau

Copy Editor

Mildred Sanchez

Editorial Manager

Mary Beth Wakefield

Production Manager

Tim Tate

Vice President and Executive Group Publisher

Richard Swadley

Vice President and Executive Publisher

Joseph B. Wikert

Project Coordinator, Cover

Lynsey Stanford

Proofreader

Sossity Smith

Indexer

Johnna VanHoose Dinse

Acknowledgments

I want to first thank Harry Kybett for authoring the original version of this book many years ago. It was an honor to update such a classic book in the electronics field. Thanks also to Carol Long for bringing me on board with the project, and Kevin Shafer for his able project management of the book. My appreciation to Rex Miller for his excellent technical editing, and to Mildred Sanchez for handling all the mechanics of spelling and grammar in a thorough copy edit. Thanks to the people at Wiley, specifically Liz Britten for coordinating the creation of all the diagrams required and Eric Charbonneau for keeping the whole thing on schedule. Finally, thanks to my wife, Nancy Muir, for her advice and support throughout the writing of this book.

Introduction

The rapid growth of modern electronics is truly a phenomenon. All of the things you see in the marketplace today that utilize electronics either did not exist before 1960, or were crude by today's standards. Some of the many examples of modern electronics in the home include the small (but powerful) pocket calculator, the personal computer, the portable MP3 player, the DVD player, and digital cameras. Many industries have been founded, and older industries have been revamped, because of the availability and application of modern electronics in manufacturing processes, as well as in electronics products themselves.

Modern electronics is based on the transistor and its offspring—the integrated circuit (IC) and the microprocessor. These have short-circuited much of traditional electronic theory, revolutionized its practice, and set the whole field off on several new paths of discovery. This book is a first step to help you begin your journey down those paths.

What This Book Teaches

The traditional way of teaching electronics is often confusing. Too many students are left feeling that the real core of electronics is mysterious and arcane, akin to black magic. This just is not so. In fact, while many areas of our lives have become almost unbelievably complex, the study and practice of electronics in industry and as a hobby has surprisingly been made much simpler. All NewElectronicsSelf-Teaching Guide, Third Edition, takes advantage of this simplicity and covers only those areas you actually need in modern electronics.

This book is for anyone who has a basic understanding of electronics concepts, but who wants to understand the operation of components found in the most common discrete circuits. The chapters in this book focus on circuits that are the building blocks for many common electronics devices, and on the very few important principles you need in working with electronics.

The arrangement and approach of this book is completely different from any other book on electronics in that it uses a “question-and-answer” approach to lead you into simple, but pertinent, experiments. This book steps you through calculations for every example in an easy-to-understand fashion, and you do not need to have a mathematical background beyond first-year algebra to follow along. In addition, this book omits the usual chapters on semiconductor physics, because you don't need these in the early stages of working with electronics.

Electronics is a very easy technology, which anyone can understand with very little effort. This book focuses on how to apply the few basic principles that are the basis of modern electronic practice. Understanding the circuits composed of discrete components and the applicable calculations discussed in this book is useful not only in building and designing circuits, but it also helps you to work with ICs. That's because ICs use miniaturized components such as transistors, diodes, capacitors, and resistors that function based on the same rules as discrete components (along with some specific rules necessitated by the extremely small size of IC components).

How This Book Is Organized

This book is organized with sets of problems that challenge you to think through a concept or procedure, and then provides answers so you can constantly check your progress and understanding. Specifically, the chapters in this book are organized as follows:

Chapter 1: DC Review and Pre-Test —This chapter provides a review and pre-test on the basic concepts, components, and calculations that are useful when working with direct current (DC) circuits.Chapter 2: The Diode —Here you learn about the diode, including how you use diodes in DC circuits, the main characteristics of diodes, and calculations you can use to determine current, voltage, and power.Chapter 3: Introduction to the Transistor —In this chapter, you learn about the transistor and its use in circuits. You also discover how bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and junction field effect transistors (JFETs) control the flow of electric current.Chapter 4: The Transistor Switch —This chapter examines the most simple and widespread application of a transistor: switching. In addition to learning how to design a transistor circuit to drive a particular load, you also compare the switching action of a JFET and a BJT.Chapter 5: AC Pre-Test and Review —This chapter examines the basic concepts and equations for alternating current (AC) circuits. You discover how to use resistors and capacitors in AC circuits, and learn related calculations.Chapter 6: AC in Electronics —This chapter looks at how resistors, capacitors, and inductors are used in high pass filters and low pass filters to pass or block AC signals above or below a certain frequency.Chapter 7: Resonant Circuits —This chapter examines the use of capacitors, inductors, and resistors in circuits called bandpass filters and band-reject filters, which pass or block AC signals in a band of frequencies centered around the resonant frequency of the circuit. You also learn how to calculate the resonance frequency and bandwidth of these circuits. This chapter also introduces you to how to use resonant circuits in oscillators.Chapter 8: Transistor Amplifiers —Here you explore the use of transistor amplifiers to amplify electrical signals. In addition to examining the fundamental steps used to design BJT-based amplifiers, you learn how to use JFETs and operational amplifiers (op-amps) in amplifier circuits.Chapter 9: Oscillators —This chapter introduces you to the oscillator, a circuit that produces a continuous AC output signal. You learn how an oscillator works, and step through the procedure to design and build an oscillator.Chapter 10: The Transformer —In this chapter, you discover how AC voltage is converted by a transformer to a higher or lower voltage. You learn how a transformer makes this conversion, and how to calculate the output voltage that results.Chapter 11: Power Supply Circuits —In this chapter, you find out how power supplies convert AC to DC with a circuit made up of transformers, diodes, capacitors, and resistors. You also learn how to calculate the values of components that produce a specified DC output voltage for a power supply circuit.Chapter 12: Conclusion and Final Self-Test —This chapter enables you to check your understanding of the topics presented in this book through the use of a final self-test that allows you to assess your overall knowledge of electronics.

In addition, this book contains the following appendixes for easy reference:

Appendix A: Glossary —This glossary provides key electronics terms and their definitions.Appendix B: List of Symbols and Abbreviations —This appendix provides a handy reference of commonly used symbols and abbreviations.Appendix C: Powers of Ten and Engineering Prefixes —This guide lists prefixes that are commonly used in electronics, along with their corresponding values.Appendix D: Standard Composition Resistor Values —This appendix provides standard resistance values for the carbon composition resistor, the most commonly used type of resistor.Appendix E: Supplemental Resources —This appendix provides references to helpful Web sites, books, and magazines.Appendix F: Equation Reference —This is a quick guide to commonly used equations, along with chapter and problem references showing you where they are first introduced in this book.Appendix G: Schematic Symbols Used in This Book —This appendix provides a quick guide to schematic symbols used in the problems found throughout the book.

Conventions Used In This Book

As you study electronics you will find that there is some variation in terminology and the way that circuits are drawn. Here are two conventions followed in this book that you should be aware of:

The discussions in this book use V to stand for voltage, versus E, which you will see used in some other books.In all circuit diagrams in this book, intersecting lines indicate an electrical connection. (Some other books use a dot at the intersection of lines to indicate a connection.) If a semicircle appears at the intersection of two lines, it indicates that there is no connection. See Figure 9.5 for an example of this.

How to Use This Book

This book assumes that you have some knowledge of basic electronics such as Ohm's law and current flow. If you have read a textbook or taken a course on electronics, or if you have worked with electronics, you probably have the prerequisite knowledge. If not, you should read a book such as Electronics for Dummies (Indianapolis: Wiley, 2005) to get the necessary background for this book. You can also go to the author's Web site, www.BuildingGadgets.com, and use the Tutorial links to find useful online lessons in electronics. In addition, Chapters 1 and 5 allow you to test your knowledge and review the necessary basics of electronics.

Note that you should read the chapters in order, because often later material depends on concepts and skills covered in earlier chapters.

All NewElectronicsSelf-Teaching Guide, Third Edition, is presented in a self-teaching format that allows you to learn easily and at your own pace. The material is presented in numbered sections called problems. Each problem presents some new information and gives you a question to answer, or an experiment to try. To learn most effectively, you should cover up the answers with a sheet of paper and try to answer each question on your own. Then, compare your answer with the correct answer that follows. If you miss a question, correct your answer and then go on. If you miss many in a row, go back and review the previous section, or you may miss the point of the material that follows.

Be sure to try to do all of the experiments. They are very easy and help reinforce your learning of the subject matter. If you don't have the equipment to do an experiment, simply reading through it will help you to better understand the concepts it demonstrates.

When you reach the end of a chapter, evaluate your learning by taking the Self-Test. If you miss any questions, review the related parts of the chapter again. If you do well on the Self-Test, you're ready to go on to the next chapter. You may also find the Self-Test useful as a review before you start the next chapter. At the end of the book, there is a Final Self-Test that allows you to assess your overall learning.

Go through this book at your own pace. You can work through this book alone, or you can use it in conjunction with a course. If you use the book alone, it serves as an introduction to electronics, but is not a complete course. For that reason, at the end of the book are some suggestions for further reading and online resources. Also, at the back of the book is a table of symbols and abbreviations, which are useful for reference and review.

Now you're ready to learn electronics!