18,99 €
Mehr erfahren.
- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Learn physics at your own pace without an instructor Basic Physics: A Self-Teaching Guide, 3rd Edition is the most practical and reader-friendly guide to understanding all basic physics concepts and terms. The expert authors take a flexible and interactive approach to physics based on new research-based methods about how people most effectively comprehend new material. The book takes complex concepts and breaks them down into practical, easy to digest terms. Subject matter covered includes: * Newton's Laws * Energy * Electricity * Magnetism * Light * Sound * And more There are also sections explaining the math behind each concept for those who would like further explanation and understanding. Each chapter features a list of objectives so that students know what they should be learning from each chapter, test questions, and exercises that inspire deeper learning about physics. High school students, college students, and those re-learning physics alike will greatly enhance their physics education with the help of this one-of-a-kind guide. The third edition of this book reflects and implements new, research-based methods regarding how people best learn new material. As a result, it contains a flexible and interactive approach to learning physics.
Sie lesen das E-Book in den Legimi-Apps auf:
Seitenzahl: 484
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2020
Ähnliche
Table of Contents
Cover
Acknowledgments
To the Reader
1 Motion
1 SPEED
3 ACCELERATION
6 MOTION DIAGRAMS
7 THE ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY
9 ACCELERATION EQUATIONS
11 VELOCITY: A VECTOR QUALITY
15 A VECTOR APPLICATION: PROJECTILE MOTION
17 ADDING VELOCITIES: ANOTHER VECTOR APPLICATION
18 MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF VECTOR ADDITION (OPTIONAL)
Notes
2 Force and Newton's Laws of Motion
1 WHAT IS A FORCE?
2 NEWTON'S FIRST LAW
3 NEWTON'S SECOND LAW
4 ACCELERATION AND NET FORCE AS VECTORS
5 UNITS USED IN NEWTON'S SECOND LAW
7 MASS AND WEIGHT
9 GRAVITY AGAIN
11 TERMINAL SPEED
13 CIRCULAR MOTION
15 NEWTON'S THIRD LAW (THE LAST!)
18 NEWTON'S THIRD LAW DURING ACCELERATION
Note
3 Conservation of Momentum and Energy
1 MOMENTUM
3 MOMENTUM CONSERVATION
6 COLLISIONS
10 MOMENTUM PROBLEMS
12 FRICTION AND THE EARTH
13 WORK
15 POWER
17 GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
20 KINETIC ENERGY
22 ENERGY CONSERVATION
25 ENERGY IN COLLISIONS
26 MORE ENERGY CALCULATIONS (OPTIONAL)
Note
4 Gravity
1 THE LAW OF GRAVITY
5 THE MOON AND GRAVITY
6 KEPLER'S LAWS
8 NEWTON'S EXPLANATION FOR KEPLER'S SECOND LAW
9 KEPLER'S THIRD LAW (OPTIONAL)
10 EARTH SATELLITES
11 WEIGHTLESSNESS
12 CALCULATIONS (OPTIONAL)
Note
5 Atoms and Molecules
1 ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
3 ATOMS AND MOLECULES
10 THE PERIODIC TABLE
11 ELECTRON ORBITS
14 ATOMIC MASSES
15 AVOGADRO'S NUMBER
17 PROBLEMS (OPTIONAL)
Notes
6 Solids
1 ATOMS IN A SOLID
2 DENSITY
5 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
6 PRESSURE
9 ELASTICITY AND HOOKE'S LAW
Notes
7 Liquids and Gases
1 MOLECULES IN A LIQUID
2 PRESSURE IN A LIQUID
5 BUOYANCY
9 PASCAL'S PRINCIPLE
10 MOLECULES IN GASES
11 DIFFUSION THROUGH LIQUIDS AND GASES
12 PRESSURE IN GASES
16 THE BAROMETER
18 BUOYANCY IN GASES
20 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES REVIEWED
Note
8 Temperature and Heat Energy
1 THE FAHRENHEIT TEMPERATURE SCALE
2 THE CELSIUS SCALE
4 THE KELVIN SCALE
6 EXPANSION RELATED TO TEMPERATURE: THERMOMETERS
10 TEMPERATURE, THERMAL ENERGY, AND HEAT ENERGY
13 THE CALORIE
14 THE JOULE
15 SPECIFIC HEAT
Notes
9 Change of State and Transfer of Heat Energy
1 MELTING: THE HEAT OF FUSION
3 THE HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
7 TRANSFER OF HEAT: CONDUCTION
9 CONVECTION
10 RADIATION
10 Wave Motion
1 THE PERIOD OF A PENDULUM
2 RELATION BETWEEN LENGTH AND PERIOD (OPTIONAL)
3 FREQUENCY
4 WAVES
6 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE VARIABLES
8 TRANSVERSE AND LONGITUDINAL WAVES
9 ENERGY TRANSFER
10 THE DOPPLER EFFECT
Note
11 Sound
1 SOUND WAVES
3 THE SPEED OF SOUND
5 FREQUENCY AND WAVELENGTH RANGE
6 INTENSITY
8 THE DECIBEL SCALE
9 INTENSITY CALCULATIONS (OPTIONAL)
10 DECREASE OF INTENSITY WITH DISTANCE
12 RESONANCE
13 REFRACTION
12 Diffraction, Interference, and Music
1 LOUDNESS
2 DIFFRACTION OF SOUND
3 INTERFERENCE
7 BEATS
9 PITCH
10 QUALITY
13 STANDING WAVES IN A STRING
16 STANDING WAVES IN A GAS
18 THE DOPPLER EFFECT IN SOUND
19 THE SONIC BOOM
Notes
13 Static Electricity
1 COULOMB'S LAW
4 CALCULATIONS WITH COULOMB'S LAW (OPTIONAL)
6 THE ELECTRIC FIELD
10 CALCULATING ELECTRIC FIELDS USING COULOMB'S LAW (OPTIONAL)
11 CHARGING BY FRICTION: THE TRIBOELECTRIC SERIES
12 INSULATORS AND CONDUCTORS
13 THE ELECTROSCOPE
15 CHARGING BY INDUCTION
Note
14 Electrical Current
1 FLOW OF ELECTRIC CHARGE
4 BATTERIES AND VOLTAGE
7 OHM'S LAW
9 BATTERIES IN SERIES AND PARALLEL
11 SERIES CIRCUITS
15 PARALLEL CIRCUITS
20 SERIES VS. PARALLEL: HOME WIRING
22 ALTERNATING CURRENT
23 ENERGY DISSIPATED IN A RESISTOR
24 SI CALCULATIONS
Notes
15 Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Currents
1 MAGNETIC FIELDS
3 FIELDS PRODUCED BY CURRENTS
5 STRENGTH-OF-FIELD CALCULATIONS (OPTIONAL)
6 MAGNETIC FIELDS DUE TO LOOPS AND SOLENOIDS
8 CALCULATING THE MAGNETIC FIELD OF A SOLENOID (OPTIONAL)
9 THE CAUSE OF MAGNETISM
10 ELECTRIC METERS
11 ELECTRIC MOTORS
Note
16 Electrical Induction
1 A CURRENT-CARRYING WIRE IN A MAGNETIC FIELD
3 INDUCING A CURRENT
5 A COIL AND A MAGNET
6 LENZ'S LAW
8 TWO COILS: THE TRANSFORMER
11 VOLTAGE AND POWER THROUGH A TRANSFORMER
13 SELF-INDUCTION
17 Electromagnetic Waves
1 PRODUCTION OF RADIO WAVES
6 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
Note
18 Light: Wave or Particle?
1 GALILEO AND THE SPEED OF LIGHT
2 ROEMER'S MEASUREMENT
4 MICHELSON'S METHOD
5 HUYGENS' PRINCIPLE
6 NEWTON'S PARTICLES
7 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
9 THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
11 ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
12 THE ETHER
13 THE MICHELSON–MORLEY EXPERIMENT
16 SUMMARY
Notes
19 The Quantum Nature of Light
1 BLACKBODY RADIATION AND ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
3 PLANCK'S QUANTUM HYPOTHESIS
4 EINSTEIN ON THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
6 THE BOHR MODEL OF THE ATOM
7 EMISSION OF LIGHT
11 EXCITATION OF ATOMS
16 TYPES OF LAMPS
20 PHOSPHORESCENCE
21 THE LASER
20 Reflection, Refraction, and Dispersion
1 REFLECTION
5 REFRACTION
9 CALCULATING ANGLES OF REFRACTION (OPTIONAL)
13 TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
15 QUANTITATIVE TREATMENT (OPTIONAL) (PREREQUISITE: FRAMES 10, 11)
16 ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTION: SUNSET
18 MIRAGES
19 DISPERSION
20 THE RAINBOW
Note
21 Lenses and Instruments
1 LENSES
4 IMAGES
7 MAGNIFICATION
8 IMAGE CALCULATIONS (OPTIONAL)
9 VIRTUAL IMAGES: THE MAGNIFIER
11 CALCULATIONS OF VIRTUAL IMAGE DISTANCES (OPTIONAL) (PREREQUISITE: FRAME 8)
12 DIVERGING LENSES
13 DIVERGING CALCULATIONS (OPTIONAL) (PREREQUISITE: FRAME 8)
14 THE CAMERA
15 THE EYE
18 THE PROJECTOR
19 THE MICROSCOPE
20 THE TELESCOPE
22 Light as a Wave
1 DIFFRACTION
3 DOUBLE SLIT INTERFERENCE
6 THE DIFFRACTION GRATING
8 THIN FILM INTERFERENCE
12 POLARIZATION
Notes
23 Color
1 THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM
7 UNDER COLORED LIGHTS
8 WHY DON'T THINGS WORK THIS PERFECTLY IN PRACTICE?
Note
Appendix A: Scientific Notation: Powers of Ten
METHOD OF WRITING LARGE NUMBERS
METHOD OF WRITING SMALL NUMBERS
CALCULATIONS WITH SCIENTIFIC NOTATION (OPTIONAL)
Appendix B: The Metric System
LENGTH
MASS
METRIC PREFIXES
METRIC CONVERSIONS
Note
Index
End User License Agreement
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Begin Reading
Pages
ii
iii
iv
v
vii
xi
xii
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
Wiley Self-Teaching Guides teach practical skills in mathematics and science. Look for them at your local bookstore.
Other Science and Math Wiley Self-Teaching Guides:
Science
Biology: A Self-Teaching Guide, Third Edition, by Steven D. Garber
Chemistry: A Self-Teaching Guide, Third Edition, by Clifford C. Houk, Richard Post, and Chad A. Snyder
Math
All the Math You'll Ever Need: A Self-Teaching Guide, by Steve Slavin
Practical Algebra: A Self-Teaching Guide, Second Edition, by Peter H. Selby and Steve Slavin
Quick Algebra Review: A Self-Teaching Guide, by Peter H. Selby and Steve Slavin
Quick Business Math: A Self-Teaching Guide, by Steve Slavin
Quick Calculus: A Self-Teaching Guide, Second Edition, by Daniel Kleppner and Norman Ramsey
Basic Physics
A Self-Teaching Guide
Third Edition
Karl F. Kuhn
Frank Noschese
Copyright © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Previous editions copyright © 1979, 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
All rights reserved. Published simultaneously in Canada.
Published by Jossey-Bass
A Wiley Brand
111 River St, Hoboken NJ 07030
www.josseybass.com
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Jossey-Bass books and products are available through most bookstores. To contact Jossey-Bass directly call our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 800-956-7739, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3986, or fax 317-572-4002.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBNs: 978-1-119-62990-0 (paperback), 978-1-119-62991-7 (ePDF), 978-1-119-62989-4 (ePub)
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © tmeks/Getty Images
THIRD EDITION
For Jonah and Sophie:
“The important thing is to not stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existence.”
- Albert Einstein
Acknowledgments
First, I am grateful to the many John Jay High School students I've taught over the past 20-plus years. They have taught me just as much, if not more, than I taught them. The insights I've gained about how students learn science have informed the revisions for this edition.
Thanks for the tremendous help and understanding from Pete Gaughan, Riley Harding, and the rest of the team at John Wiley and Sons.
Additional thanks to Larry Ferlazzo for connecting me with the Wiley team to work on the third edition.
—Frank Noschese
To the Reader
“If it ain't broke, don't fix it.” This maxim applies to books as well as to many other endeavors, and it explains why such a long time passed between the second and third editions of this book. Elementary physics does not change much in a few decades, and therefore this edition contains very little new subject matter.
Why a new edition, then? First, some new examples have been added, either because of change in fashions or because of new applications of basic physics. An example of the latter is the ubiquity of the smartphone, a device that didn't exist when the second edition was printed. Second, some explanations have been rewritten to improve clarity. Finally, the “look” of the book has been updated to make it more attractive to today's readers.
The fundamental purpose of the book has not changed, however, and if you are considering a study of this book, you probably fit into one of the following categories:
You are enrolled in an introductory physics course and wish to have a study guide to accompany your textbook. This book follows the traditional order of topics that is used in the most popular classroom texts.
You are taking a course that uses a nonmathematical, conceptual book as its primary text, and your instructor has adopted this book as a supplement in order to include more problem-solving in the course. The traditional order of topics in this book is also used in the most prevalent conceptual physics texts.
You are enrolled in a course that uses this book as its primary text.
You are not taking a formal physics course, but you wish to learn, or review, some physics—perhaps to enable you to pass a test that requires a knowledge of physics.
In any case, Basic Physics can help you. It is a complete, self-contained physics book with a programmed format. The chapters are divided into short steps called frames. Each frame presents some new material, and then asks you questions to test your comprehension. By faithfully answering the questions (preferably by actually writing the answers in the spaces provided or on a separate sheet) before you check the answers we supply, you will be able to check your progress. Learning theory tells us that by writing your answers, you understand and retain the material for a longer time. In fact, I suggest that you do not look at the answers until have completed your own. If your answer does not agree with the one we provide, be sure you understand the discrepancy before proceeding to the next frame. To check yourself further, a Self-Test, with answers, is included at the end of each chapter.
Since physics builds from one principle to another, many chapters require an understanding of previous chapters. For this reason, the prerequisites for each chapter are listed on the first page of the chapter. Some frames within chapters, however, may be skipped without disrupting the logic of the development. Such frames, which are often mathematical treatments of the subject at hand, are labeled as “optional.” Some optional frames have a prerequisite of a prior optional frame; such prerequisites are listed at the beginning of the frame.
I suggest that you complete the entire Self-Test at the end of a chapter before checking your answers. In this way, your test will be more similar to classroom testing. Each answer in the Self-Test section includes a reference to the frame (s) to which you should return for help on missed items.
Have fun!
Notes
*
In using miles per hour, you are using the imperial system of units, the one you may be most familiar with. It includes such units as inches, feet, and pounds. I am using this system to introduce some concepts, but most of our work will use the metric system.
*
Of course, we have to assume the effects of friction slowing the skateboard down are very small.
