Basics of Python Programming: A Quick Guide for Beginners E-Book

Krishna Kumar Mohbey

• Herausgeber: Bentham Science Publishers
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 163

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2001

Beschreibung

Basics of Python Programming: A Quick Guide for Beginners is an essential companion to mastering the Python programming language. The book presents information about Python in 12 structured chapters with a strong emphasis on fundamentals and practical information. Starting with basic operators, functions and expressions, contents explain file handling, exception handling and modules. The book concludes with advanced topics such as object oriented programming and machine learning.

Key Features:

Fundamental Focus: Covers the core concepts of Python programming to build a strong foundation in python programming in an easy-to-understand format.
Practical Demonstrations: Learn by doing. This textbook includes hands-on practical demonstrations that reinforce your understanding of Python concepts.
IDE Guidance: Includes programming and installation guidance for Python-supporting Integrated Development Environments (IDEs).
Explores Python Frameworks: Introduces Python frameworks such as Matplotlib, TensorFlow, PyTorch, Scikit-Learn, and NLTK for complex projects.
Python for Machine Learning: Gives a preliminary understanding of Python for machine learning tasks for data science and AI applications.

Basics of Python Programming: A Quick Guide for Beginners is the perfect starting point for aspiring students, programmers and tech enthusiasts. Whether you're a student looking to build a solid foundation in Python or an industry professional venturing into machine learning and artificial intelligence, this textbook has you covered.

Readership
Computer science, engineering and technology students; programming enthusiasts and professionals.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD.

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Disclaimer:

Limitation of Liability:

General:

FOREWORD

PREFACE

Introduction to Python

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Technical Strengths of Python

Portability

Object-Oriented

Community Support

Advanced Features

Memory Management

Ease of Use

Installing Python

Windows Installer

Ubuntu

Linux Mint

Python IDLE

Anaconda Open-source Distribution

Installing Anaconda on Windows

Installing Anaconda on Linux

First Python Program

Python Keywords

Identifiers

Statements

Indentation

Comments

Coding Styles

Functional

Imperative

Procedural

Object-oriented

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Data Types, Operators, and Expressions

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

NUMBER

Sequence

DICTIONARY

BOOLEAN

SET

TYPE CONVERSION

Implicit Type Conversion

Explicit Type Conversion

OPERATORS

Arithmetic Operators

Addition (+) Operator

Subtraction (-) Operator

Multiplication (*) Operator

Division (/) Operator

Modulus (%) Operator

Exponent (**) Operator

Floor Division (//) Operator

Relational Operators

Greater than (>) Operator

Greater than or equal to (>=) Operator

Less than (<) Operator

Less than or equal to (<=) Operator

Equal to (==) Operator

Not equal to (! =) Operator

Assignment Operator

Assignment (=) Operator

Add AND (+=) Operator

Subtract AND (-=) Operator

Multiply AND (*=) Operator

Divide AND (/=) Operator

Modulus AND (%=) Operator

Exponent AND (**=) Operator

Floor Division (//=) Operator

Unary Operators

Bitwise Operators

Binary AND (&) Operator

Binary OR (|) Operator

Binary XOR (^) Operator

Binary One's Complement (~) Operator

Binary Left Shift (<<) Operator

Binary Right Shift (>>) Operator

Logical Operators

Logical AND Operator

Logical OR Operator

Logical NOT Operator

Membership Operators

Operator (in)

Operator (not)

Identity Operators

Operator (is)

Operator (is not)

Operators' Precedence and Associativity

EXPRESSIONS

Identifiers

Literals

Operators

STRING OPERATIONS

Accessing Values in Strings

Triple Quotes

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Control Flow

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

SEQUENTIAL STATEMENTS

DECISION CONTROL STRUCTURES

If Statements

If-else Statements

Nested if

if-elif-else

LOOPING STATEMENTS

For Loop

While Loop

Nested Loop

Break Statement

Continue Statement

The Pass Statement

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Functions

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Definition

PREDEFINED FUNCTIONS

USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS

Function Call

Function Parameters and Arguments

Default Arguments

Variable Scope and Lifetime

Scope of the Variable

Local Scope

Global Scope

The Lifetime of the Variable

Local and Global Variables

Global Variables

Global Statement

Return Statement

Lambda Functions

Recursive Functions

Function Redefinition

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Sequence-String and List

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

STRING

String Concatenation

Using + Operator

Using join() Method

Using % Operator

Using Format() Function

Appending Strings

Using += Operator

Using Join()

Multiplying Strings

Immutable Strings

String Formatting Operator

Built-in String Functions

Slice Operation

The ord() Function

The chr() Function

String Comparison

Using Relational Operators

Using is and is not

Using User-defined Function

Iterating String

split() Function

re.findall() Function

The String Module

String Module Constants

string.ascii_letters

string.ascii_lowercase

string.ascii_uppercase

string.digits

string.hexdigits

string.punctuation

String capwords() Function

String Module Classes

Formatter

Template

Regular Expression

LISTS

Using List Index

List Operations

Updating Values in Lists

Nested List

Aliasing

Cloning Lists

Cloning List using Slicing

Cloning List using Extend()

Cloning List using List()

Cloning List using List Comprehension

Cloning List using Append()

Cloning List using Copy()

Built-in Functions

List Built-in List Methods

List as Arrays

Loops in Lists

For Loop in the List

While Looping in the List

List Comprehension

Enumerate() Method

Numpy in Loop

List in Functions

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Tuple and Dictionaries

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

TUPLE

TheTuple ()Function

Accessing Tuple

Tuple Indexes

Tuple Slicing

Updating Tuple

Deleting Elements from a Tuple

Tuple Operations

Tuple Basic Functions

Tuple Assignment

Tuples and Functions

Nesting of Tuples

Tuples from String and List

zip() Function

Inverse zip(*) Function

Tuple Sorting

DICTIONARY

Dictionary Creation

Accessing Dictionary Values

Modifying Dictionary

Delete an Element from the Dictionary

The Clear () Function

Sorting Dictionaries

Sorting Dictionary by Value

Sorting Dictionary in Reverse Order

Iterating Over a Dictionary

Nested Dictionaries

Updating Nested Dictionary

Deleting Elements from a Nested Dictionary

Deleting a Dictionary from the Nested Dictionary

Iterating Through a Nested Dictionary

Built-in Dictionary Functions

The Copy () Method

Formatting Dictionaries

CONCLUDING REMARKS

File Handling

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

FILE

Open() Function

Close() Function

Write() Function

Writelines() Method

Writing Numbers to a File

Read() Method

Readline() Method

Readlines() Method()

Reading Contents with a Loop

Creating a New File

File Object Attributes

File Positions

File Rename

Deleting a File

Binary Files

Directory Operations

Current Working Directory

List of Directories

Creating a Directory

Change Directory

Renaming a Directory

Delete a Directory

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Exception Handling

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

HANDLING EXCEPTIONS

EXCEPT BLOCK

ELSE AND FINALLY, KEYWORD

RAISING EXCEPTIONS

Built-in Exceptions

User-defined Exceptions

CONCLUDING REMARK

Modules and Packages

Abstract

Introduction

Modules

Import Statement

From…Import Statement

Renaming A Module

Dir() Built-In Function

Reload () Function

Built-In Modules

PACKAGE

Creating Package

Sub Packages

CONCLUDING REMARK

Object-Oriented Programming

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

CLASS AND OBJECT

DATA ABSTRACTION

ENCAPSULATION

INHERITANCE

POLYMORPHISM

Defining a Class

Creating an Object

Deleting Properties or Object

Data Abstraction Example

CONSTRUCTORS

Parameterized Constructor

Default Constructor

INHERITANCE IN PYTHON

TYPES OF INHERITANCE

Single Inheritance

Multi-level Inheritance

Multiple Inheritance

Hierarchical Inheritance

The issubclass(sub,sup) method()

The isinstance (obj, class) method()

POLYMORPHISM IN PYTHON

Polymorphism in Operators

Function Polymorphism

Polymorphism in Class Methods

Method Overriding

Built-in Class Functions

Built-in Class Attributes

Static Variables

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Python for Machine Learning

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

IMPORTANT PYTHON LIBRARIES

• NUMPY

• PANDAS

• SCIKIT-LEARN

• MATPLOTLIB

• TENSORFLOW

• KERAS

• PYTORCH

• NLTK

Installing NLTK on Mac/ Unix

Installing NLTK on Windows

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Programming with Python

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

BASIC PYTHON PROGRAM

Program to Solve a Quadratic Equation

Program to Swap Two Numbers

Program to Find the Factorial of Two Numbers

Program for Fibonacci Series Using Recursion

Sorting Elements of Array in Ascending Order

Program to Print the Sum of Elements of Array

Program to Transpose a Matrix

Program to Reverse a String

Program to Concatenate Two Strings

Program to Append Elements to the List

Program to Delete an Element of List

Program for Linear Search

Program for Binary Search

Program to Perform Time Series Analysis

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Bibliography

Basics of Python Programming:

A Quick Guide for Beginners

Authored by

Krishna Kumar Mohbey

Department of Computer Science

Central University of Rajasthan

Rajasthan, India

&

Malika Acharya

Department of Computer Science

Central University of Rajasthan

Rajasthan, India

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD.

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FOREWORD

The fact that Python programming is employed across most fields contributes to its growing popularity in recent years. It is possible to generate software at any level, from the simplest of programs to a fully functional application. Even every company, institution, organization, or researcher uses Python programming in their work, albeit they may do so in various methods. Python makes it possible to develop algorithms that are both effective and efficient as well as to manage more significant amounts of data in today's world. The proposed book covers various Python programming topics, ranging from the fundamentals to more advanced techniques. This book, which serves as a helpful guide to becoming a programmer, will significantly benefit the community.

D. S. Rajput School of Information Technology and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore, India

PREFACE

It gives immense pleasure to bring the book "Basics of Python Programming: A Quick Guide for Beginners." The most extensively used programming language today is Python, which also happens to be the most popular programming language. Students enrolled in various classes who can efficiently use this high-level programming language as a problem-solving tool are this Book's target audience. Python is not only employed in the field of computer science; instead, it is used in the development of applications for all areas.

Python programming can be swiftly learned by anybody with a fundamental understanding of computers and the ability to reason logically. Because of this inspiration, we could write this Book clearly and concisely. After reading the Book, you will have a fundamental understanding of how to do programming in Python. We have attempted to present the intricacies of Python in a very colloquial language such that the potential readers require no special expertise to refer to the book. It is apt for beginners as the concepts are explained in simple language with suitable demonstrative examples to facilitate both theory and practical learning.

Our primary goal in writing this book is to provide an approachable resource for beginners new to programming or with limited coding experience. We understand that learning a programming language can be intimidating, especially for those starting from scratch. With "Basics of Python Programming: A Quick Guide for Beginners", we have consciously designed the content to be beginner-friendly, focusing on simplicity and clarity of explanations. We believe that our book's accessible style will empower beginners to grasp the fundamental concepts of Python programming swiftly and confidently.

We recognize that many aspiring programmers are looking for a resource that allows them to learn Python quickly and efficiently. While there are extensive books available that provide in-depth coverage of Python, our book takes a different approach. We have distilled the core concepts and essential components of Python programming into a concise guide that can be absorbed quickly. By focusing on the basics, we aim to provide beginners with a solid foundation in Python programming without overwhelming them with excessive information.

We firmly believe that practical application is critical to mastering Python programming. Therefore, our book emphasizes hands-on learning and incorporates numerous practical examples throughout the chapters. By engaging in coding exercises and mini-projects, readers can actively apply the concepts they learn, solidifying their understanding of Python. Our approach encourages learners to gain practical experience alongside theoretical knowledge, enabling them to build their coding skills from the very beginning.

We firmly believe that "Basics of Python Programming: A Quick Guide for Beginners" offers a unique value proposition to individuals looking to kick-start their journey in Python programming. Its simplicity, efficiency, hands-on approach, clear progression, and supplementary resources set it apart from other books. We hope this book is a valuable tool for learning Python programming and unlocks the door to exciting possibilities.

Krishna Kumar Mohbey Department of Computer Science Central University of Rajasthan Rajasthan, India &

Malika Acharya Department of Computer Science Central University of Rajasthan Rajasthan, India

Introduction to Python

Krishna Kumar Mohbey1,Malika Acharya1

1 Computer Science, Central University of Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Python is an object-oriented programming language that can support a wide range of applications like web development, desktop applications, etc. Its general-purpose programming features make coding easy, comprehensive and readable even for beginners.

Keywords: Development environments, Object-oriented programming, Operating system, Shuffle exchange network, Virtual machine.

INTRODUCTION

Python has grown to be a mainstream language. Its simple syntax and comprehensible code make it a popular general-purpose programming language among developers, engineers, and amateurs with limited programming skills. Its open-source features with a wide variety of libraries facilitate efficient programming. The first chapter of this book provides a brief introduction to Python along with a stepwise guide to installation on Windows and Linux. It will familiarize you with the Python IDE and editors, thus paving your journey to Python programming.

Guido van Rossum, Python's Benevolent Dictator for Life, developed Python in the 1990s. After that, several versions of Python were released. With the end of life of version 2.7, currently, versions 3.6 and 3.9 are widely used. Python is an open-source project maintained by the Python Software Foundation. We can take a tour of the Python universe at www.python.org.

Python is an object-oriented language that, due to its interoperability with existing codes in C and Fortran, gears up to the developer's demands and enhances the programmer's productivity while cutting down the time consumed. Python has become the developer's choice in various fields. For example, some of the prominent areas where Python is used are NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Shell Research Boeing, Industrial Light and Magic, Sony Entertainment, and Procter & Gamble. Python is a high-level language; thus, the programs coded in it are easy and comprehensible. Python codes execute on a virtual machine; hence, a layer of abstraction exists

between the code and the executing platform. Thus, Python is an interpreted language and produces portable codes that are cross-platform executable. Fig. (1) depicts the execution of a simple Python program. Unlike Fortran, Python is a dynamically typed language that uses an interpreter to interpret the representative types at the run time. The layer of abstraction abstracts the underlying optimization from the code. Python binds Fortran and C libraries using an interpreter to perform intensive computation.

Fig. (1)) Execution schematic of Python code.

You must have previously understood various languages like C++, Java, Perl, Scheme, or BASIC. All these languages are high-level languages. Nevertheless, computer hardware understands only low-level language called machine language. So, high-level language needs to be converted into machine language. For this, we have two translators: a compiler and an interpreter. A compiler is a program that translates the entire program into machine language. The high-level program is known as the source code, and the output is machine code. An interpreter is also a program that takes high-level language and converts it into machine code instruction by instruction. Compiled code can be run any number of times without repeated compiling or the source code.

In contrast, interpreted code requires an interpreter and source code every time. Thus, interpreted code makes the programming environment more user-friendly and enhances portability. Every CPU has its machine code, but we can run a high-level language program with the interpreter.

Technical Strengths of Python

Portability

As already discussed, Python is a portable language that requires Byte Code for execution on any platform. An executable byte code converts the source code to platform-independent code. Python consists of a Tkinter toolkit to support the Tk GUI interface so the graphical user interface can run on all GUI's supported platforms without program changes. Python's original, standard implementation was given in ANSI C, making it executable on all major platforms ranging from PDAs to supercomputers.

Object-Oriented

Python is an object-oriented programming language. The language is extensible, i.e., the programs can be extended to C, C++, and Java. It uses a class model to support polymorphism, operator overloading, and other notions. It is a powerful scripting tool for other object-oriented system languages, like C++, Java, and C#. The recent versions of Python also support functional programming. This includes generators, comprehensions, closures, maps, etc.

Community Support

Python community support is quite active and responsive to the user's queries. The community consists of Python creator Guido van Rossum, the Benevolent Dictator for Life (BDFL), and a crew of thousands of workers. Python is more conservative than other languages in terms of changes, i.e., the changes need to be approved by the community, especially BDFL.

Advanced Features

Python provides full support for features of scripting languages like PERL. The scheme facilitates the use of software development tools that are easily found in compiled languages. It is a product of the FLOSS community, i.e., Python is a Free, Libre, and Open-Source Software that assists in knowledge sharing. Some of the salient features of Python are:

Memory Management

Memory allocation and reclamation are no longer the programmer's headache. It adopts automatic memory management allocation and garbage collection so that memory growth and shrink are as per demand. Python considers memory as the private heap. There are two types of allocators for memory management: raw memory allocator and object-specific allocator:

Large system development