Bionanocomposites E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 640

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017

Beschreibung

Beginning with a general overview of nanocomposites, Bionanocomposites: Integrating Biological Processes for Bio-inspired Nanotechnologies details the systems available in nature (nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids) that can be integrated within suitable inorganic matrices for specific applications. Describing the relationship between architecture, hierarchy and function, this book aims at pointing out how bio-systems can be key components of nanocomposites. The text then reviews the design principles, structures, functions and applications of bionanocomposites. It also includes a section presenting related technical methods to help readers identify and understand the most widely used analytical tools such as mass spectrometry, calorimetry, and impedance spectroscopy, among others.

Leseprobe

Bionanocomposites

Integrating Biological Processes for Bioinspired Nanotechnologies

Edited by Carole Aimé and Thibaud Coradin

Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC Univ Paris 06Collège de FranceUMR CNRS 7574Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris Paris, France

This edition first published 2017© 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Aimé, Carole, 1981– editor. | Coradin, Thibaud, editor.Title: Bionanocomposites : integrating biological processes for bioinspired nanotechnologies / edited by Carole Aimé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France, Thibaud Coradin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2017009006 (print) | LCCN 2017009534 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118942222 (cloth) | ISBN 9781118942253 (pdf) | ISBN 9781118942239 (epub)Subjects: LCSH: Nanobiotechnology. | Nanocomposites (Materials) | Biomimetic materials.Classification: LCC TP248.25.N35 B564 2018 (print) | LCC TP248.25.N35 (ebook) | DDC 620/.5–dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017009006

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List of Contributors

Mónika Ádok‐SipiczkiDepartment of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

Carole AiméSorbonne Universités,UPMC Univ Paris 06, Collège de France, UMR CNRS 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Paris, France

Gisela Solange AlvarezUniversidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA). Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Buenos Aires, Argentina

François‐Xavier Campbell‐ValoisDépartement de Chimie et Sciences Biomoléculaires, Université d’Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Biqiong ChenDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

Sarah ChristophSorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Collège de France, UMR CNRS 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Paris, France

Thibaud CoradinSorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Collège de France, UMR CNRS 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Paris, France

Mirjam CzjzekLaboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, University Sorbonne Paris VI and CNRS, Roscoff, France

Martín Federico DesimoneUniversidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA). Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Buenos Aires, Argentina

Jean‐Olivier DurandInstitut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR‐5253 CNRS‐UM2‐ENSCM‐UM1cc, Montpellier, France

Francisco M. FernandesSorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Collège de France, UMR CNRS 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Paris, France

Nikola Ž. KneževićFaculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Wei LiCollege of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China

Shilin LiuCollege of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China

Xiaogang LuoSchool of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China

Philippe MinardInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), UMR 9198, Université Paris‐Sud, CNRS, CEA, Orsay, France

Corinne NardinInstitut pluridisciplinaire de recherche sur l'environnement et les matériaux (IPREM), Equipe Physique Chimie des Polymères (EPCP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Pau, France

Enora PradoInstitute of Physics Rennes, UMR UR1‐CNRS 6251, Rennes, France

Laurence RaehmInstitut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR‐5253 CNRS‐UM2‐ENSCM‐UM1cc, Montpellier, France

Stéphane RomeroEquipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, FranceCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7241, Paris, FranceMEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre, Paris, France

Agathe UrvoasInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), UMR 9198, Université Paris‐Sud, CNRS, CEA, Orsay, France

Marie Valerio‐LepiniecInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), UMR 9198, Université Paris‐Sud, CNRS, CEA, Orsay, France

Daniel Van OpdenboschBiogenic Polymers, Technische Universität München, Straubing, Germany

Yuehan WuCollege of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China

Cordt ZollfrankBiogenic Polymers, Technische Universität München, Straubing, Germany

1What Are Bionanocomposites?

Agathe Urvoas1, Marie Valerio‐Lepiniec1, Philippe Minard1, and Cordt Zollfrank2

1 Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), UMR 9198, Université Paris‐Sud, CNRS, CEA, Orsay, France

2 Biogenic Polymers, Technische Universität München, Straubing, Germany

1.1 Introduction

Almost all natural materials, which are formed through metabolic processes of an organism, are nanocomposite materials, that is, materials associating at least two distinct phases, one of which being of nanometer scale dimension. The term “natural” is most often synonymously used with the term “biological.” Natural nanocomposite can be therefore characterized as bionanocomposites. Basically two kinds of solid composite materials are generated in natural systems: soft matter and hard matter (Figure 1.1). Natural soft matter composites are composed of at least two types of organic biomacromolecules. The most prominent example here is wood, which is a hierarchically structured bionanocomposite consisting of polysaccharides (mainly cellulose) and lignin (Figure 1.1a). Biological hard matter is generally composed of an inorganic phase and an organic phase. Biominerals (sea shells) and hard tissue (bone) are two typical forms of appearance of biological hard matter (Figure 1.1b). Natural bionanocomposites combine a high resilience and tolerance toward failure, adaptation, modularity, and multifunctionality [1, 2]. They are originally designed and optimized for the needs of life and to meet the surrounding environmental conditions in order to guarantee the survival of the respective species they are associated with.

Figure 1.1 Examples for biological soft and hard matter: (a) trunk disc of an oak tree and (b) lower jawbone of a cow (mandible).

Nature provide a rich pool of raw materials for mankind with easily accessible constituents for habitation, clothes, weapons, and arts, among many other examples. Further, the development of chemistry allowed for the transformation of this raw matter into synthetic materials. At the end of the last century, the conjunction of economic and environmental issues, combined with the growing development of multidisciplinary scientific research, has led to reconsider natural processes in general and natural materials in particular as an enormous pool of inspiration with an incredible structural and functional variability. Such bioinspired materials, achieved by using Nature guidelines to tailor and design a novel class of bionanocomposites or nanostructured biohybrid materials, have the potential to conquer complex multivariant environments [3–7].

However, it is interesting to note that under the constraints of living environments and required metabolic conversion processes, only a small number of organic compounds (based on the light elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus) and a few inorganic phases (i.e., calcium phosphates and carbonates, silica, and iron oxides) are used for the formation of bionanocomposites [8]. This strongly contrasts with engineering materials that are prepared from almost all the elements of the periodic table. In parallel, structures and properties of biological polymers have been, and still are, studied by biologists mainly to understand their essential roles in biological systems. However, the potential applications of biological molecules in the design of bionanocomposites require to consider them as synthetic “building blocks” that may eventually be used in a context distant from their natural environment or function.

1.2 A Molecular Perspective: Why Biological Macromolecules?

This is a relatively new view as biomolecules have long been considered, outside the biological or biomedical field, as highly complex systems, difficult to modify, and too fragile to be of any practical utility. Indeed, proteins or nucleic acids have characteristic features that are not common in the synthetic chemical world. Their natural functionality in living cells and their potential applications outside biology precisely result from these properties:

First, proteins and nucleic acids are very long copolymers in which the different monomers are linked with a defined order. In other words, these polymers have a defined “sequence,” a property that usually does not exist in polymers made by chemical synthesis.

Second, the specific sequence of any nucleic acid or the coding sequence of a protein gene can be viewed and is actually used, by living cells as well as by biologists, not only as a substance but also as information: biological sequences can be duplicated, transmitted, eventually modified, and executed. Information processing occurs naturally between generations of cells and organisms that select, amplify, replicate genes, and control their expression. Information processing similarly occurs when a sequence is designed in a laboratory, transmitted by e‐mail, synthetized as a synthetic gene, amplified by PCR, and translated in protein in a recombinant microorganism.

Third, biological polymers are self‐assembling materials. The information content embedded within each sequence is often sufficient to allow each nucleic acid or protein to reach its highly organized structure, and the functional properties of biological molecules directly result from their three‐dimensional structure.

Fourth, nucleic acids or proteins can evolve. Each natural protein or nucleic acid sequence is not simply a molecule: its informational content is the product of a historical process. In the current structure and function of any natural protein, there is the memory of all past successful trials that occurred during its evolution. It is this historical information accumulated over billions of years that explains the amazing diversity and extreme sophistication of natural protein structures and functions.

1.3 Challenges for Bionanocomposites

Going back 50 years ago, the design of specific peptide or nucleic acid sequence to control the organization of gold nanoparticles into perfectly controlled crystals was probably as unexpected as the application of the same particles for cell imaging. Thus, the progresses made in the field of bionanocomposites over the last decades largely result from the evolution of both chemistry and biology fields (but also of physics, engineering, and computer science) that, in some specific areas, has led to conceptual and experimental convergences. The processing of natural macromolecules in artificial conditions has been as fruitful as the confrontation of chemical and biological to define how the two worlds can cohabitate. This has led to an impressive list of “hybrid” objects that will be described in the following chapters.

However, there are several characteristics present in biology that have not been translated in engineering materials so far. The extraordinary structures and functions of biological materials strongly relate to their organization over several length scales. In particular, the importance of hierarchical structuring has long been identified and was widely investigated in the recent years [3, 9]. A variety of functional materials solutions relying on structural hierarchy were described in natural materials [10–14] (Figure 1.2