Biotechnology of Bioactive Compounds E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1446

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

Bioactive compounds play a central role in high-value product development in the chemical industry. Bioactive compounds have been identified from diverse sources and their therapeutic benefits, nutritional value and protective effects in human and animal healthcare have underpinned their application as pharmaceuticals and functional food ingredients. The orderly study of biologically active products and the exploration of potential biological activities of these secondary metabolites, including their clinical applications, standardization, quality control, mode of action and potential biomolecular interactions, has emerged as one of the most exciting developments in modern natural medicine.

Biotechnology of Bioactive Compounds describes the current stage of knowledge on the production of bioactive compounds from microbial, algal and vegetable sources. In addition, the molecular approach for screening bioactive compounds is also discussed, as well as examples of applications of these compounds on human health. The first half of the book comprises information on diverse sources of bioactive compounds, ranging from microorganisms and algae to plants and dietary foods. The second half of the book reviews synthetic approaches, as well as selected bioactivities and biotechnological and biomedical potential. The bioactive compounds profiled include compounds such as C-phycocyanins, glycosides, phytosterols and natural steroids. An overview of the usage of bioactive compounds as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, anti-allergic compounds and in stem cell research is also presented, along with an overview of the medicinal applications of plant-derived compounds.

Biotechnology of Bioactive Compounds will be an informative text for undergraduate and graduate students of bio-medicinal chemistry who are keen to explore the potential of bioactive natural products. It also provides useful information for scientists working in various research fields where natural products have a primary role.

Leseprobe

CONTENTS

Cover

Title page

Copyright page

List of contributors

Foreword

Preface

Section I: Bioactive compounds from diverse plant, microbial, and marine sources

Chapter 1: Bioactive compounds from vegetable and fruit by-products

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Beneficial health effects obtained by consuming vegetable and fruit products rich in phytochemicals

1.3 By-products from vegetable and fruit processing to obtain phytochemicals

1.4 Vegetable by-products

1.5 Fruit by-products

1.6 Pretreatment and extraction systems

References

Chapter 2: Bioactive compounds in fresh-cut fruits

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Factors affecting quality and phytochemical content of fresh-cut fruits

2.3 Raw material

2.4 Effect of minimal processing: Major operations

2.5 Effect of atmosphere composition and temperature during storage

2.6 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 3: Pressurized hot water extraction of polyphenols from plant material

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Polyphenols: Key bioactive compounds

3.3 Pressurized hot water extraction process

3.4 Pressurized hot water extraction to isolate plant polyphenols

3.5 Conclusions

3.6 Future research

References

Chapter 4: Bioactive compounds in cereals

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Cereal bioactive compounds

4.3 Conclusions

References

Chapter 5: Antimicrobials from medicinal plants

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Medicinal plants: An untapped source of antimicrobials

5.3 Antimicrobial phytochemicals

5.4 Mode of action

5.5 Challenges

5.6 Future prospects

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 6:

Coccoloba uvifera

as a source of components with antioxidant activity

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Materials and methods

6.3

In vitro

antioxidant properties

6.4 Statistical analysis

6.5 Results and discussion

6.6 Conclusion

References

Chapter 7: Bioactive compounds and medical significance of some endangered medicinal plants from the Western Ghats region of India

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Western Ghats (Sahyadri ranges)

7.3

Aegle marmelos

(L.) Correa (Rutaceae)

7.4

Aristolochia indica

L. (Aristolochiaceae)

7.5

Baliospermum montanum

(willd.) Muell-arg (Euphorbiaceae)

7.6

Coscinium fenestratum

(gaertn.) Coleb. (Menispermaceae)

7.7

Decalepis hamiltonii

Wight & Arn. (Periplocaceae)

7.8

Eugenia singampattiana

bedd. (Myrtaceae)

7.9

Oroxylum indicum

(l.) Benth.Ex kurz (bignoniaceae)

7.10

Pterocarpus santalinus

L. (Fabaceae)

7.11

Rauvolfia serpentina

(L.) Benth. ex kurz (Apocyanaceae)

7.12

Trichopus zeylanicus

gaertn. (Dioscoreaceae)

7.13 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 8: Fungal bioactive compounds

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Bioactive compounds or biological activity

8.3 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 9: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Plant fungal endophytes

9.3 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biocompounds

9.4 Ectomycorrhizas and biocompounds

9.5 Plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and DSE

9.6 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and medicinal plants

9.7 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 10: Extremophiles as source of novel bioactive compounds with industrial potential

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Thermophiles

10.3 Psychrophiles

10.4 Alkaliphiles

10.5 Acidophiles

10.6 Halophiles

10.7 Piezophiles

10.8 Radiophiles

10.9 Metallophiles

10.10 Polyextremophiles

10.11 Conclusion

References

Chapter 11: New trends in microbial production of natural complex bioactive isoprenoids

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Isoprenoids

11.3 Metabolic engineering of the mevalonate (MEV) pathway

11.4 Metabolic engineering of the mep pathway for isoprenoids production

11.5 Modeling and simulation approaches

11.6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 12: Production of c-phycocyanin and its potential applications

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Production of c-phycocyanin

12.3 Photoautotrophic production

12.4 Mixotrophic production

12.5 Heterotrophic production

12.6 Recombinant production

12.7 C-phycocyanin as a natural dye

12.8 Application of c-phycocyanin as an additive in food and cosmetics

12.9 Diagnostic applications of c-phycocyanin

12.10 Nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications

12.11 Anticancerous activity

12.12 Future prospects

References

Section II: Chemistry, biotechnology, and industrial relevance

Chapter 13: Glycosides

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Glycosides

13.3 Classification

13.4 Hydrolysis

13.5 Chemical properties and identification

13.6 Biologic activity and therapeutic applications

13.7 Case studies: From production to therapeutic application

13.8 Conclusion

References

Chapter 14: Trehalose mimics as bioactive compounds

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Trehalose processing enzymes and trehalose mimetics as bioactive compounds

14.3 Trehalose-processing mycolyltransesterase enzymes

14.4 Trehalose-processing sulfotransferase

14.5 Acyl

2

SGL mimetics: Novel potential antitubercular vaccines

14.6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 15: Virtual screening and prediction of the molecular mechanism of bioactive compounds

in silico

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS)

15.3 Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS)

15.4 Reverse docking approach for predicting biological activity of compounds

15.5 Predicting molecular targets responsible for antiaging properties of artemisinic acid

15.6 Advanced options

15.7 Predicting molecular targets of D-pinitol responsible for antioxidant activity in a

C.

elegans

model using computational approaches

15.8 Future directions

References

Chapter 16: Steroids in natural matrices

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Structure and classification

16.3 Bioavailability of steroids

16.4 Biosynthesis

16.5 Analytical methods

16.6 Biological activity

16.7 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 17: Bioactive compounds obtained through biotechnology

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Antioxidant compounds

17.3 Anticancer compounds

17.4 Antimicrobial compounds

17.5 Conclusion

References

Chapter 18: Metabolic engineering of bioactive compounds in berries

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Engineering of berry secondary metabolites

18.3 Enhanced secondary metabolite production by elicitation

18.4 Conclusion

References

Chapter 19: Food-derived multifunctional bioactive proteins and peptides

19.1 Bioactive peptides: Overview

19.2 Multifunctional food peptides

19.3 Milk-derived multifunctional proteins and peptides

19.4 Egg-derived multifunctional proteins and peptides

19.5 Plant protein-derived multifunctional peptides

19.6 Perspectives in production

19.7 Bioprocess-based research challenges

19.8 Conclusion

References

Chapter 20: Food-derived multifunctional bioactive proteins and peptides

20.1 Applications of multifunctional peptides

20.2 Pharmaceutical products

20.3 Dermopharmaceutical products

20.4 Recent advances and emerging technologies

20.5 Quantitative structure activity relationship (qsar) models

20.6 Research concerns and bottlenecks

20.7 Conclusions and future projections

References

Section III: Biochemistry and nutraceutical or health-related applications

Chapter 21: An overview of the molecular and cellular interactions of some bioactive compounds

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Prokaryotic versus eukaryotic

21.3

lac

operon

21.4 The structure of

β

-globin in sickle cell anemia

21.5 Direct reversal pathway for Dna repair

21.6 Oxidants, free radicals, and antioxidants: The balance

21.7 The “nutritional genomics”

21.8 Food affects our genes

21.9 Active antitumor compounds from medicinal plant

21.10 Structure of plant bioactive compounds

21.11 Bioactive compounds not always friends

21.12 Use of drug combinations

21.13 Screening for the presence of alkaloids and/or nitrogenous bases and flavonoids in plant extracts

21.14 Protocol for

in vitro

detection of antioxidants

21.15 Determination of ahh activity

21.16 Determination of microsomal hydrogen peroxide

21.17 Conclusion

References

Chapter 22: Bioactive compounds as growth factors and 3D matrix materials in stem cell research

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Prominent growth factors

22.3 Biotic scaffolds for tissue regeneration

22.4 Conclusion

References

Chapter 23: Phytosterols

23.1 Introduction

23.2 Phytosterols

23.3 Other biological effects

23.4 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 24: Overview of the role of food bioactive compounds as complementary therapy for celiac disease

24.1 Introduction

24.2 Gliadins-mediated alterations in intestinal epithelium

24.3 Gluten-free diet (GFD) and nutrition

24.4 Role of pre- and probiotics in celiac disease

24.5 Micronutrients (iron, zinc, and selenium)

24.6 Vitamins (A, C, and E), antioxidants (phytochemicals), and fatty acids

24.7 Conclusions