Biotribology E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 215

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

Tribology is the "science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion" and encompasses the study of friction, wear and lubrication. By extension biotribology is usually defined as the tribological phenomena occurring in either the human body or in animals. Therefore, it is possible to consider tribological processes that may occur after implantation of an artificial device in the human body and the tribological processes naturally occurring in or on the tissues and organ of animals. Animals, including humans, possess a wide variety of sliding and frictional interfaces. The authors aim to provide some advances in research in biotribology. They cover several aspects of biotribology such as tribology of synovial joints and artificial replacements; wear of screws and plates in bone fractures repair; wear of denture and restorative materials; friction of the skin and comfort of clothing; wear of replacement heart valves; tribology of contact lenses and ocular tribology; biotribology on the microscale and nanoscale levels, etc. This book can be used as a research text for final undergraduate engineering courses (for example, materials, biomedical, etc.) or for those studying the subject of biotribology at the postgraduate level. It can also serve as a useful reference for academics, biomechanical researchers, biologists, chemists, physicists, biomedicals and materials engineers, and other professionals in related engineering, medicine and biomedical industries.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1. Biotribology of Total Hip Replacement: Metal-on-Metal Articulation

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Historical development of metal-on-metal bearings in total hip replacements

1.3. Design and materials

1.4. Tribology of metal-on-metal bearings in total hip replacement

1.5. Wear testing

1.6. Clinical relevance of metal wear particles and metal ions

1.7. Conclusion

1.8. Acknowledgments

1.9. Bibliography

Chapter 2. Experimental Wear Studies of Total Joint Replacements

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Methods for assessing tribology in total joint replacement

2.3. Effects of material and design on the tribology of total joint replacements

2.4. Conclusion

2.5. Bibliography

Chapter 3. Influence of Temperature on Creep and Deformation in UHMWPE under Tribological Loading in Artificial Joints

3.1. Temperature in artificial joints

3.2. Temperature influence on creep and fatigue mechanisms of UHMWPE under tribological loading

3.3. Deformation behavior of polyethylene on the molecular scale

3.4. Importance for artificial knee joints

3.5. Acknowledgments

3.6. Bibliography

Chapter 4. Large Capacity Wear Testing

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Categories of test devices

4.3. CTPOD principle

4.4. SuperCTPOD test procedure

4.5. SuperCTPOD validation

4.6. Further SuperCTPOD studies

4.7. Summary

4.8. Concluding remarks

4.9. Acknowledgments

4.10. Bibliography

Chapter 5. Biotribology of Titanium Alloys

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Surface modification of titanium alloys

5.3. Biotribological properties of titanium alloys

5.4. Acknowledgments

5.5. Bibliography

List of Authors

Index

First published 2010 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:

ISTE Ltd27-37 St George’s RoadLondon SW19 4EUUKJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.111 River StreetHoboken, NJ 07030USAwww.iste.co.ukwww.wiley.com© ISTE Ltd 2010 

The rights of J. Paulo Davim to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Davim, J. Paulo.

Biotribology / J. Paulo Davim.

p.; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-84821-275-6

1. Artificial joints. 2. Tribology. I. Title.

[DNLM: 1. Joint Prosthesis. 2. Biomechanics. 3. Surface Properties. WE 312]

RD686.D28 2010

617.5'80592--dc22

2010028015

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 978-1-84821-275-6

Preface

Tribology is the “science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion” and embraces the study of friction, wear, and lubrication. By extension, biotribology is usually defined as the tribological phenomena occurring in either the human body or in animals. Therefore it is possible to consider tribological processes that may occur after implantation of an artificial device in the human body and the tribological processes naturally occurring in or on the tissues and organs of animals. Animals, including humans, possess a wide variety of sliding and frictional interfaces.

The purpose of this book is to present a collection of examples illustrating the state-of-the-art and research developments in biotribology. Chapter 1 provides the biotribology of total hip replacement, the metal-on-metal articulation. Chapter 2 contains experimental wear studies of total joint replacements. Chapter 3 covers the influence of temperature on creep and deformation in UHMWPE under tribological loading in artificial joints. Chapter 4 contains information on large capacity wear testing. Finally, Chapter 5 is dedicated to biotribology of titanium alloys.

This book can be used as a textbook for a final undergraduate engineering course or as a reference on biotribology for postgraduate level. This book can also serve as a useful reference for academics, materials and biomedical researchers, materials, mechanical and biomedical engineers, professionals in biotribology and medical tribology and related industries. The scientific relevance of this book is evident for many important research centers, laboratories and universities throughout the world. Therefore, it is hoped that this book will encourage and enthuse other research in this recent field of science and technology.

I would like to acknowledge my gratitude to ISTE-Wiley for this opportunity and for their professional support. Finally, I would like to thank all the authors of the chapters for their input and their availability for this work.

J. Paulo DAVIM

University of Aveiro, PortugalJuly 2010

Chapter 1

Biotribology of Total Hip Replacement: Metal-on-Metal Articulation1

1.1. Introduction

All structures of the human body undergo a natural process of aging over the course of life. This includes articular cartilage. Extreme wear of articular cartilage of the hip joint can be disabling and require treatment. The reconstruction of joint function by means of a hip joint replacement (see Figure 1.1) has been described as one of the most successful medical procedures [BER 05]. Most patients regain functionality of their affected joint within a brief period after a surgical intervention. Worldwide, about one million artificial hip joints are implanted annually.

The bearing surfaces of implants are subjected to friction and wear. Particles produced in the contact area between bearing partners are released into the tissue surrounding the implant. These particles can provoke inflammatory tissue reactions, which can result in bone loss. Massive bone loss around an implant jeopardizes the fixation of the implant and results in loosening. This process, referred to as aseptic loosening, necessitates surgical revision of the implant. The frequency of revisions has increased dramatically in recent years.

Currently, one out of five artificial hips is subjected to revision within 15 years [KÄR 08]. Revision surgeries are complicated, risky and expensive, and revised implants are generally less successful than primary implants.