Brazilian Lichens Vol V E-Book

Felix Schumm

• Herausgeber: Books on Demand
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 154

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2023

Beschreibung

This book illustrates lichens that were recently collected in the temperate to subtropical states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. For some species, these are the first colour illustrations published. Parmeliaceae are well represented in this book, depicting some species with very limited distributions. Full synonymies are given, and species descriptions. New species: Ramonia longispora Aptroot & Schumm

Leseprobe

Dr. Felix Schumm, Mozartstraße 9, 73117 Wangen, Deutsch-land. Email: [email protected]

Dr. André Aptroot, Laboratório de Botânica / Liquenologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva s/n, Bairro Univer-sitário, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Introduction

This fifth book on Brazilian lichens collected by the second author illustrates specimens from the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. These are the most southern states, and the only Brazilian regions that are temperate to subtropical (depending on altitude and latitude). Rio Grande do Sul has had more lichenological investigations than other states, both historically and recent, and as a result it is the state in Brazil from which the highest number of lichen species is known. Most research was either ecological or on Parmeliaceae taxonomy, and Parmeliaceae are well represented in this book, depicting some species with very limited distributions.

All specimens allustrated are duplicates ex ABL herbarium in the herbarium of the first author; the original specimens are in the Brazilian herbaria CGMS and/or ISE.

Adriano Spielmann and Emerson Gumboski are warmly thanked for organizing the joint field trips on which these specimens were collected.

Regarding further issues, see the more elaborate introduction to volume 1

Felix Schumm & André Aptroot

New species:Ramonia longispora Aptroot & Schumm

Acarospora moenium (Vain.) Räsänen, Lich. Fenn. Exs.: no. 306 (1936)

[ABL79252], Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Agudo, Cascata Raddatz, in Atlantic rain forest on overhanging siliceous rock. 29°35'12'' S, 53°10'49'' W, 250 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 79252), 15 July 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. - Thallus crustose, indeterminate, formed by appressed or slightly protruding squamules; squamules up to 1 mm diam, grey or partly olivaceous to pure brown, with a white pruina consisting of calcium oxalate crystals; upper cortex paraplectenchymatous with cell lumina 4-10 x 4-8 μm. Photobiont green, unicellular, 6-11 μm diam. Soralia frequent, developing from the margin, growing inwards in the algal layer and excavating the squamules; soredia dark brown to black, 14.3-17.6 μm diam. Apothecia rare, only seen immature in one collection, innate, in the centre of the squamules; disc concave, brown, pruinose; hypothecium colourless; epithecium brown, K-, HNO3-, HC1-, hymenium 80-100 μm high; paraphyses septate, 2-3 μm thick, sparingly branched and slightly moniliform in the upper part, tips 2-4 μm thick, brown. Asci, ascospores and pycnidia not seen. Chemistry: No detectable substances by t.l.c; all parts C-, K-, P-, UV- .

Acarospora moenium

Ainoa mooreana (Carroll) Lumbsch & I. Schmitt, Mycol. Res. 105(3): 273 (2001)

[ABL78551, Brazil, Santa Catarina, Garuva, Quiriri, track to summit on exposed siliceous soil along track. 26°01'' S, 48°59'' W, 800-1200 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78551), 30 March 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019.

Ainoa mooreana

Ainoa mooreana

Allographa oryzaeformis (Fée) Lücking & Kalb, Herzogia 31(1, Teil 2): 554 (2018)

[ABL78811], Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Bento do Sul, APA Rio Ver-melho, in Atlantic rain forest on tree bark. 26°15'10'' S, 49°16'19'' W, 900 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78811), 1 April 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. -Lirellae short, not branched. Excipulum not carbonized. Hymenium not inspersed, J+ blue-violet. Spores 1/ascus, hyaline muriforme, 27-30/6-8-locular, 90-110 x 25-32 μm, I+ blue-violet. Chemistry: nor-stictic acid.

Allographa oryzaeformis

Anisomeridium adnexum (Müll. Arg.) R.C. Harris, More Florida Lichens, Incl. 10 Cent Tour Pyrenol. (New York): 143 (1995)

[ABL78561], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Garuva, Quiriri, track to summit on tree bark. 26°01' S, 48°59' W, 800-1200 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78561), 30 March 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. - Growing on bark or wood. Ostiole apical. Spores 35 μm or less in length, granular ornamented, ovoid to ± pyriform, with septum very markedly submedian, biseriate/irregular in ascus, 26-33 x 16-18 μm; microconidia globose, ca. 2 μm diam.

Anisomeridium adnexum

Anisomeridium epiphyllum (Vězda) R.C. Harris, , More Florida Lichens, Incl. 10 Cent Tour Pyrenol. (New York): 146 (1995)

[ABL28050], Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Francisco do Sul, Forte Marechal Luz, on leaving leaves. 26°09'59'' S, 48°31'52'' W, 600m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 28050), 10 October 2015, det. A. Aptroot 2015.- Perithecia dispersed, 0.6-1 mm diam. Ostiole lateral. Spores 6-8/ascus. 1-septate, hyaline, 30-40 x 10-12 μm.

Anisomeridium epiphyllum

Anisomeridium leptospermum (Zahlbr.) R.C. Harris, More Florida Lichens, Incl. 10 Cent Tour Pyrenol. (New York): 147 (1995)

[ABL79591], Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, Cascata, BR-392, Entrade do Parque da Cascata, along road tree bark. 31°36'48'' S, 52°30'38'' W, 215 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 79591), 18 July 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. - Thallus endophloeodal, not corticate, whitish or grey-ish, UV-. Ostiole apical. Ascospores 8/ascus, smooth, ovoid to broadly ovoid, with septum strongly submedian, hyaline, 18–23(–28) × 9–14 μm, microconidia globose, c. 2 μm diam.

Anisomeridium leptospermum

Anthracothecium macrosporum (Hepp) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 43(9): 44 (1880)

[ABL78683], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Rio Negrinho, Rio Preto, Fazenda Velha, on farm on tree. 26°17'57'' S, 49°37'24'' W, 800 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78683), 31 March 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. - Ascomata mostly single, Ostiole apical. Hamathecium not inspersed, filaments mostly unbranched. Spores 1-4/ascus, brown, muriform, euseptate, 250 x 25 μm.

Anthracothecium macrosporum

Arthonia cyanea Müll. Arg., Flora, Regensburg 64(15): 233 (1881)

[ABL28040P], Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Francisco do Sul, Forte Marechal Luz, on leaving leaves. 26°09'59'' S, 48°31'52'' W, 600m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 28040P), 10 October 2015, det. A. Aptroot 2015. - Spores hyaline, 1(-3)-septate, 10-12 x 4-5 μm, Hyme-nium I+ brown red.

Arthonia cyanea

Aspidothelium cuyabense (Malme) P.M. McCarthy, Lichenologist 27(5): 345 (1995)

[ABL79209], Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Agudo, Cascata Raddatz, in Atlantic rain forest on tree bark. 29°35'12'' S, 53°10'49'' W, 250 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 79209), 15 July 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. - Spores 8/ascus, muriform with 5-7 transverse septa, 40 x 15 μm.

Aspidothelium cuyabense

Asterothyrium microsporum R. Sant., Symb. bot. upsal. 12(no. 1): 320 (1952)

[ABL28046], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Sao Francisco do Sul, Forte Marechal Luz, on leaving leaves. 26°09'59'' S, 48°31'52'' W, 60 m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 28046), 10 October 2015, det. A. Aptroot 2015. - Apothecia immersed in the thallus, erumpent, 0.15-0.35 mm, disc yellow to grey, non pruinose. Excipulum paraplectenchymatous, uncoloured, I+ red. Paraphyses simple, c. 1 μm thick, with clavate apices. Spores 8/ascus, uniseriate, 1-septate, fusiform to ellipsoid, 8-10 x 2-3 μm.

Astrothelium endochryseum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking, Lichenologist 48(6): 858 (2016)

[ABL78695], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Rio Negrinho, Rio Preto, Fazenda Velha, on farm on tree bark. 26°17'57'' S, 49°37'24'' W, 800 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78695), 31 March 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. - Thallus corticate, green to yellowish or brown, verrucose. Ascomata trypetheli-oid, with apical ostioles, pseudostromatic; pseudostromata 1–2 mm diam., erumpent to prominent, dark brown, internally with yellow to orange, dusty granular pigment. Hamathecium clear. Ascospores 8 per ascus, 3-septate, fusiform-ellipsoid, 35-50 x12-15 μm, hyaline, IKI-. Chemistry: Thallus UV-, K-; pseudostromata UV-, externally K-,internally K+ red, with anthraquinone.

Astrothelium endochryseum

Astrothelium endochryseum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking, Lichenologist 48(6): 858 (2016)

[ABL79085], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Santa Cecília, along BR116, in Atlantic rain forest on tree bark. 27°00'37'' S, 50°25'10'' W, 1150 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 79085), 14 July 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. - Thallus corticate, green to yellowish or brown, verrucose. Ascomata trypethelioid, with apical ostioles, pseudostromatic; pseudostromata 1–2 mm diam., erumpent to prominent, dark brown, internally with yellow to orange, dusty granular pigment. Hamathecium clear. Asco-spores 8 per ascus, 3-septate, fusiform-ellipsoid, 35–50 ×12–15 μm, hyaline, IKI-. Chemistry: Thallus UV-, K-; pseudostromata UV-, externally K-, internally K+ red, with anthraquinone.

Astrothelium endochryseum

Astrothelium irregulare (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking, Lichenologist 48(6): 865 (2016)

[ABL78448], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Joinville, Recanto das Nascentes Divinas, along river on tree bark. 26°12'43'' S, 49°00'11'' W, 225 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78448), 29 March 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. - Thallus corticate, olive-green to brownish, uneven-verrucose. Asco-mata trypethelioid, with apical ostioles, solitary or rarely irregularly confluent, 0.6–1.0 mm diam., erumpent to prominent, covered by thallus. Hamathecium inspersed. Ascospores 8/ascus, densely muri-form, fusiform, 135–165 ×36–52 μm, without distinctly thickened

Astrothelium irregulare

Astrothelium laevigatum Müll. Arg., Flora, Regensburg 66(16): 245 (1883)

[ABL78559], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Garuva, Quiriri, track to summit on tree bark. 26°01' S, 48°59' W, 800-1200 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78559), 30 March 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. - Thallus corticate, greenish grey (lichexanthone colour), smooth to uneven. Ascomata astrothelioid, several chambers joined with eccentric, fused ostioles; joined ascomata dispersed, not pseudostromatic, 0.3–0.5mm diam., erumpent, covered by thallus but upper part whitish contrasting with the dark ostiolar area. Hamathecium clear. Ascospores 8/ascus, 3-septate, fusiform-ellipsoid, 20-26 x 7-9 μm, hyaline, IKI-. Chemistry: Thallus and ascomata UV+ yellow, K-, with lichexanthone (or 1,8-dihydroxy- 3,6-dimethoxyxanthone)

Astrothelium laevigatum

Bacidia reagens Malme, Ark. Bot. 27A(no. 5): 16, 20 (1935)

[ABL79626], Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Pardo, Balneário Santa Vitória, in Atlantic rain forest on tree bark (twig). 30°00'28'' S, 52°23'19'' W, 20 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 79626), 18 July 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. - Spores hyaline, c. 13-septate, 56 x 3.5 μm.

Bacidia reagens

Buellia spuria (Schaer.) Anzi, Cat. Lich. Sondr.: 87 (1860)

[ABL79129], Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Antonio Prado, along RS122, in quarry on siliceous rock. 28°52'34'' S, 51°13'15'' W, 740 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 79129), 14 July 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. - Thallus thick, rimose-ariolate, without soredia, with black prothallus,on rock, K-, C-, KC-, UV-. Apothecia almost immersed in the thallus. Spores 1-septate, with thin uniforme thickened walls.

Buellia spuria

Buellia subdisciformis (Leight.) Jatta, Syll. Lich. Ital. (Trano): 392 (1900)

[ABL78634], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Garuva, Quiriri, track to summit on exposed siliceous rock. 26°01'22'' S, 48°58'07'' W, 1350 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78634), 30 March 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019.- Spores brown, 1-septate, 8/ascus, 10.7-14.6 x 5-6.7 μm. Thallus K+ yellow, C-, UV-.

Bulbothrix scortella (Nyl.) Hale, Phytologia 28(5): 481 (1974)

[ABL79521], Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, Praia do Laranjal, on coastal tree bark. 31°45'15'' S, 52°13'37'' W, 5 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 79521), 17 July 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. - Cortex K+ yellow, medulla K-, C+ rose, KC+ red, P-, atranorin, gyrophoric acid.

Bulbothrix scortella

Bacidia schweinitzii (Fr. ex E. Michener) A. Schneid., Guide Study Lich.: 110 (1898)

[ABL79208], Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Agudo, Cascata Raddatz, in Atlantic rain forest on tree bark. 29°35'12'' S, 53°10'49'' W, 250 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 79208), 15 July 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. - Apotheci-um disk black; epihymenium brown to green; hypothecium dark orange-brown to red-brown. Spores needle shaped, mostly over 40 μm long, 3-8-septate.

Bacidia schweinitzii

Bulbothrix ventricosa (Hale & Kurok.) Hale, Phytologia 28(5): 481 (1974)

[ABL78740A], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Rio Negrinho, Rio Preto, Fazen-da Velha, on farm on tree. 26°17'57'' S, 49°37'24'' W, 800 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78740A), 31 March 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. - Spores 8/ascus, 13-17 x 7-8 μm. Cortex K+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow turning red, C-, KC-, P+ orange; atranorin, norstictic acid.

Bulbothrix ventricosa

Byssoloma leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vain., Dansk bot. Ark. 4(no. 11): 23 (1926)

[ABL28040G], Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Francisco do Sul, Forte Marechal Luz, on leaving leaves. 26°09'59'' S, 48°31'52'' W, 60 m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 28040G), 10 October 2015, det. A. Aptroot 2015. - margin well developed and densely byssoid. Spores 3-septate, 10-18 x 2.5-3.5 μm, colourless. Chemistry: nil.

Byssoloma leucoblepharum

Calopadia subfusca a Kalb & Vězda, , Folia geobot. phytotax. 22(3): 304 (1987)

[ABL28040S], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Sao Francisco do Sul, Forte Marechal Luz, on leaving leaves. 26°09'59'' S, 48°31'52'' W, 60 m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 28040S), 10 October 2015, det. A. Apt-root 2015. - Thallus thin, greyish white. Campylidia not seen. Disk brown. Hypothecium fuscum. Paraphyses in upper parts branched and anstomosing. Spores 1/ascus, densely muriform, 85-110 x 25-40 μm.

Calopadia subfusca

Caloplaca austromaritima Aptroot, Gumboski, M. Cáceres & Schumm, in Schumm & Aptroot, Images of the Lichen Genus Caloplaca 1: 315 (2019)

Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Francisco do Sul, S of Prainha, 26°14’06’’ S, 48°30’05’’ W, 10 m, on coastal granite. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot, 8 Ocober 2015, det. A. Aptroot 2015 - Thallus crustose, corticate, covering rather indeterminate areas (locally a zone of many square meters), slightly shiny, greenish yellow, microsquamulose with flattened, slightly folded to lobate, rounded to angular areoles of c. 0.2–2.0 mm diam. and c. 0.1–0.8 mm high; algae chlorococcoid, cells