Bridging Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis E-Book

• Herausgeber: Wiley-VCH
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1018

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

There are two main disciplines in catalysis research -- homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. This is due to the fact that the catalyst is either in the same phase (homogeneous catalysis) as the reaction being catalyzed or in a different phase (heterogeneous catalysis). Over the past decade, various approaches have been implemented to combine the advantages of homogeneous catalysis (efficiency, selectivity) with those of heterogeneous catalysis (stability, recovery) by the heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts or by carrying out homogeneous reactions under heterogeneous conditions. This unique handbook fills the gap in the market for an up-to-date work that links both homogeneous catalysis applied to organic reactions and catalytic reactions on surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts. As such, it highlights structural analogies and shows mechanistic parallels between the two, while additionally presenting kinetic analysis methods and models that either work for both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Chapters cover asymmetric, emulsion, phase-transfer, supported homogeneous, and organocatalysis, as well as in nanoreactors and for specific applications, catalytic reactions in ionic liquids, fluorous and supercritical solvents and in water. Finally, the text includes computational methods for investigating structure-reactivity relations. With its wealth of information, this invaluable reference provides academic and industrial chemists with novel concepts for innovative catalysis research.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Related Titles

Title Page

Copyright

Preface

List of Contributors

Chapter 1: Acid–Base Cooperative Catalysis for Organic Reactions by Designed Solid Surfaces with Organofunctional Groups

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Bifunctional Catalysts Possessing Both Acidic and Basic Organic Groups

1.3 Bifunctional Catalysts Possessing Basic Organic Groups and Acid Sites Derived from Their Support Surface

1.4 Prospect

References

Chapter 2: Catalytic Reactions in or by Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids: Bridging the Gap between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

2.1 Introduction and Background

2.2 Catalysis with IL-Supported or Mediated Metal Nanoparticles

2.3 Reactions Catalyzed by Solid-Supported IL: Heterogeneous Catalysis with Homogeneous Performance

2.4 Outlook

References

Chapter 3: Heterogeneous Catalysis with Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials

3.3 Catalysis of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials

3.4 Summary and Conclusion

References

Chapter 4: Homogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis Using Immobilized Chiral Catalysts

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Soluble Polymeric Supports and Catalyst Separation Methods

4.3 Chiral Linear Polymeric Catalysts

4.5 Helical Polymeric Catalysts

4.6 Conclusion and Prospects

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 5: Endeavors to Bridge the Gap between Homo- and Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis with Organometallics

5.1 General Introduction

5.2 Combinatorial Approach for Homogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis

5.3 Self-Supporting Approach for Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis

5.4 Conclusions and Outlook

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 6: Catalysis in and on Water

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Catalytic Reactions in and “on” Water

6.3 Conclusions

References

Chapter 7: A Green Chemistry Strategy: Fluorous Catalysis

7.1 History of Fluorous Chemistry

7.2 Basics of Fluorous Chemistry

7.3 Fluorous Metallic Catalysis

7.4 Fluorous Organocatalysis

7.5 Conclusion

References

Chapter 8: Emulsion Catalysis: Interface between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Emulsion Catalysis in the Oxidative Desulfurization

8.3 Emulsion Catalysis in Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Organic Reactions

8.4 Emulsion Catalysis in Reactions with Organocatalysts

8.5 Emulsion Formed with Polymer-Bounded Catalysts

8.6 Conclusion and Perspective

References

Chapter 9: Identification of Binding and Reactive Sites in Metal Cluster Catalysts: Homogeneous–Heterogeneous Bridges

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Control of Binding in Metal-Carbonyl Clusters via Ligand Effects

9.3 Imaging of CO Binding on Noble Metal Clusters

9.4 Imaging of Open Sites in Metal Cluster Catalysis

9.5 Elucidating Kinetic Contributions of Open Sites: Kinetic Poisoning Experiments Using Organic Ligands

9.6 More Approaches to Poisoning Open Catalytic Active Sites to Obtain Structure Function Relationships

9.7 Supported Molecular Iridium Clusters for Ethylene Hydrogenation

9.8 Summary and Outlook

References

Chapter 10: Catalysis in Porous-Material-Based Nanoreactors: a Bridge between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Preparation of Nanoreactors Based on Porous Materials

10.3 Assembly of the Molecular Catalysts in Nanoreactors

10.4 Catalytic Reactions in Nanoreactors

10.5 Conclusions and Perspectives

References

Chapter 11: Heterogeneous Catalysis by Gold Clusters

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Preparation of Gold Clusters

11.3 Characterization of Gold Clusters

11.4 Catalysis by Gold Clusters

11.5 Conclusions and Perspectives

References

Chapter 12: Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalysis in Organic Synthesis

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Chiral Phase-Transfer Catalysts

12.3 Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalytic Reactions and Applications

12.4 Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 13: Catalysis in Supercritical Fluids

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Features of Supercritical Fluids and Related Catalytic Reactions

13.3 Examples of the Reactions in SCFs

13.4 Summary and Conclusions

References

Chapter 14: Hydroformylation of Olefins in Aqueous–Organic Biphasic Catalytic Systems

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Water-Soluble Rhodium–Phosphine Complex Catalytic Systems

14.3 Mechanism

14.4 Hydroformylation of Lower Olefins

14.5 Hydroformylation of Higher Olefins

14.6 Hydroformylation of Internal Olefins

14.7 Conclusion and Outlook

References

Chapter 15: Recent Progress in Enzyme Catalysis in Reverse Micelles

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Enzyme Catalysis in Molecular Organic Solvent-Based Reverse Micelles

15.3 Enzyme Catalysis in Ionic Liquid−Based Reverse Micelles

15.4 Application of Enzyme Catalysis in Reverse Micelles

15.5 Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 16: The Molecular Kinetics of the Fischer–Tropsch Reaction

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Basics of the Fischer–Tropsch Kinetics

16.3 Molecular Microkinetics Simulations

16.4 The Lumped Kinetics Model

16.5 Transient Kinetics

16.6 Conclusion and Summary

References

Index

End User License Agreement

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Guide

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

Scheme 1.1

Figure 1.1

Scheme 1.2

Scheme 1.3

Figure 1.2

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.4

Scheme 1.4

Scheme 1.5

Scheme 1.6

Scheme 1.7

Scheme 1.8

Scheme 1.9

Scheme 1.10

Scheme 1.11

Figure 1.5

Figure 1.6

Scheme 1.12

Scheme 2.1

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

Scheme 2.2

Figure 2.5

Figure 2.6

Figure 2.7

Figure 2.8

Figure 2.9

Figure 2.10

Figure 2.11

Figure 2.12

Figure 2.13

Figure 2.14

Scheme 2.3

Figure 2.15

Figure 2.16

Figure 2.17

Scheme 2.4

Figure 2.18

Figure 2.19

Figure 2.20

Scheme 2.5

Scheme 2.6

Scheme 2.7

Scheme 2.8

Scheme 2.9

Scheme 2.10

Figure 2.21

Figure 2.22

Scheme 2.11

Scheme 2.12

Scheme 2.13

Figure 2.23

Figure 2.24

Figure 2.25

Figure 2.26

Figure 2.27

Figure 2.28

Figure 2.29

Figure 2.30

Scheme 2.14

Scheme 2.15

Scheme 2.16

Figure 2.31

Scheme 2.17

Figure 2.32

Scheme 2.18

Scheme 2.19

Scheme 2.20

Figure 2.33

Figure 2.34

Scheme 2.21

Figure 2.35

Scheme 2.22

Scheme 2.23

Figure 2.36

Scheme 2.24

Scheme 2.25

Figure 2.37

Scheme 2.26

Figure 2.38

Scheme 2.27

Scheme 2.28

Scheme 2.29

Figure 2.39

Scheme 2.30

Figure 2.40

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

Figure 3.3

Figure 3.4

Figure 3.5

Figure 3.6

Figure 3.7

Figure 3.8

Figure 3.9

Figure 3.10

Figure 4.1

Figure 4.2

Figure 4.3

Figure 4.4

Figure 4.5

Figure 4.6

Figure 4.7

Figure 4.8

Figure 4.9

Figure 4.10

Figure 4.11

Figure 4.12

Figure 4.13

Figure 4.14

Figure 4.15

Figure 4.16

Figure 4.17

Figure 4.18

Figure 4.19

Figure 4.20

Figure 4.21

Figure 4.22

Figure 4.23

Figure 4.24

Figure 4.25

Figure 4.26

Figure 4.27

Figure 4.28

Figure 4.29

Figure 4.30

Figure 4.31

Figure 4.32

Figure 4.33

Figure 4.34

Figure 4.35

Figure 4.36

Figure 4.37

Figure 4.38

Figure 4.39

Figure 5.1

Figure 5.2

Figure 5.3

Scheme 5.1

Scheme 5.2

Scheme 5.3

Scheme 5.4

Scheme 5.5

Scheme 5.6

Scheme 5.7

Scheme 5.8

Scheme 5.9

Scheme 5.10

Scheme 5.11

Scheme 5.12

Scheme 5.13

Figure 5.4

Scheme 5.14

Figure 5.5

Scheme 5.15

Figure 5.6

Figure 5.7

Figure 5.8

Scheme 5.16

Scheme 5.17

Scheme 5.18

Scheme 5.19

Scheme 5.20

Scheme 5.21

Scheme 5.22

Figure 5.9

Scheme 5.23

Scheme 5.24

Scheme 5.25

Scheme 6.1

Scheme 6.2

Scheme 6.3

Scheme 6.4

Scheme 6.5

Scheme 6.6

Scheme 6.7

Scheme 6.8

Scheme 6.9

Scheme 6.10

Scheme 6.11

Scheme 6.12

Scheme 6.13

Scheme 6.14

Scheme 6.15

Scheme 6.16

Scheme 6.17

Scheme 6.18

Scheme 6.19

Scheme 6.20

Scheme 6.21

Scheme 6.22

Scheme 6.23

Scheme 6.24

Scheme 6.25

Scheme 6.26

Scheme 6.27

Scheme 6.28

Scheme 6.29

Scheme 6.30

Scheme 6.31

Scheme 6.32

Scheme 6.33

Scheme 6.34

Scheme 6.35

Scheme 6.36

Scheme 6.37

Scheme 6.38

Scheme 6.39

Figure 7.1

Scheme 7.1

Scheme 7.2

Figure 7.2

Scheme 7.3

Figure 7.3

Scheme 7.4

Scheme 7.5

Scheme 7.6

Scheme 7.7

Scheme 7.8

Scheme 7.9

Scheme 7.10

Scheme 7.11

Scheme 7.12

Scheme 7.13

Scheme 7.14

Scheme 7.15

Scheme 7.16

Scheme 7.17

Scheme 7.18

Scheme 7.19

Scheme 7.20

Scheme 7.21

Scheme 7.22

Scheme 7.23

Scheme 7.24

Scheme 7.25

Scheme 7.26

Scheme 7.27

Scheme 7.28

Scheme 7.29

Scheme 7.30

Scheme 7.31

Scheme 7.32

Scheme 7.33

Scheme 7.34

Scheme 8.1

Figure 8.1

Figure 8.2

Figure 8.3

Scheme 8.2

Figure 8.4

Figure 8.5

Figure 8.6

Figure 8.7

Figure 8.8

Scheme 8.3

Figure 8.9

Figure 8.10

Scheme 8.4

Figure 8.11

Figure 8.12

Figure 8.13

Scheme 8.5

Figure 8.14

Scheme 8.6

Scheme 8.7

Scheme 8.8

Scheme 8.9

Scheme 8.10

Scheme 8.11

Scheme 8.12

Scheme 8.13

Scheme 8.14

Scheme 8.15

Figure 8.15

Scheme 8.16

Scheme 8.17

Scheme 8.18

Figure 8.16

Scheme 8.19

Scheme 8.20

Scheme 8.21

Scheme 8.22

Figure 8.17

Scheme 8.23

Scheme 8.24

Scheme 8.25

Scheme 8.26

Scheme 8.27

Scheme 8.28

Scheme 8.29

Scheme 8.30

Scheme 8.31

Figure 8.18

Figure 9.1

Figure 9.2

Figure 9.3

Figure 9.4

Figure 9.5

Figure 9.6

Figure 9.7

Figure 9.8

Figure 9.9

Figure 9.10

Figure 9.11

Figure 9.12

Figure 9.13

Figure 9.14

Figure 9.15

Figure 9.16

Figure 9.17

Figure 9.18

Figure 9.19

Figure 9.20

Scheme 10.1

Scheme 10.2

Scheme 10.3

Scheme 10.4

Scheme 10.5

Scheme 10.6

Scheme 10.7

Scheme 10.8

Scheme 10.9

Scheme 10.10

Scheme 10.11

Scheme 10.12

Scheme 10.13

Scheme 10.14

Scheme 10.15

Scheme 10.16

Scheme 10.17

Scheme 10.18

Scheme 10.19

Scheme 10.20

Scheme 10.21

Scheme 10.22

Scheme 10.23

Scheme 10.24

Scheme 10.25

Scheme 10.26

Scheme 10.27

Figure 11.1

Figure 11.2

Figure 11.3

Figure 11.4

Figure 11.5

Figure 11.6

Figure 11.7

Figure 11.8

Figure 11.9

Figure 11.10

Figure 11.11

Figure 11.12

Figure 11.13

Figure 11.14

Figure 11.15

Figure 11.16

Figure 11.17

Figure 11.18

Figure 11.19

Figure 11.20

Figure 11.21

Figure 12.1

Figure 12.2

Figure 12.3

Figure 12.4

Figure 12.5

Figure 12.6

Figure 12.7

Figure 12.8

Figure 12.9

Figure 12.10

Figure 12.11

Figure 12.12

Figure 12.13

Figure 12.14

Figure 12.15

Scheme 12.1

Scheme 12.2

Scheme 12.3

Scheme 12.4

Scheme 12.5

Scheme 12.6

Scheme 12.7

Scheme 12.8

Scheme 12.9

Scheme 12.10

Scheme 12.11

Scheme 12.12

Scheme 12.13

Scheme 12.14

Scheme 12.15

Scheme 12.16

Scheme 12.17

Scheme 12.18

Scheme 12.19

Scheme 12.20

Scheme 12.21

Scheme 12.22

Scheme 12.23

Scheme 12.24

Scheme 12.25

Scheme 12.26

Figure 13.1

Scheme 13.1

Scheme 13.2

Scheme 13.3

Scheme 13.4

Scheme 13.5

Scheme 13.6

Scheme 13.7

Scheme 13.8

Scheme 13.9

Scheme 13.10

Scheme 13.11

Scheme 13.12

Scheme 13.13

Scheme 13.14

Scheme 13.15

Scheme 14.1

Figure 14.1

Figure 14.2

Scheme 14.2

Scheme 14.3

Figure 14.3

Figure 14.4

Scheme 14.4

Figure 14.5

Figure 14.6

Figure 14.7

Figure 14.8

Figure 14.9

Figure 14.10

Scheme 14.5

Figure 15.1

Figure 15.2

Figure 15.3

Figure 15.4

Figure 15.5

Figure 15.6

Figure 15.7

Figure 15.8

Figure 15.9

Figure 15.10

Figure 15.11

Figure 15.12

Figure 15.13

Figure 15.14

Figure 15.15

Figure 15.16

Figure 15.17

Figure 15.18

Figure 15.19

Figure 15.20

Figure 15.21

Figure 15.22

Figure 15.23

Figure 15.24

Figure 15.25

Figure 15.26

Figure 15.27

Figure 15.28

Figure 15.29

Figure 15.30

Figure 15.31

Scheme 16.1

Figure 16.1

Figure 16.2

Figure 16.3

Figure 16.4

Figure 16.5

Figure 16.6

Figure 16.7

Figure 16.8

Figure 16.9

Figure 16.10

Figure 16.11

Figure 16.12

Figure 16.13

Figure 16.14

Figure 16.15

Figure 16.16

Figure 16.17

Figure 16.18

Figure 16.19

Figure 16.20

Figure 16.21

Figure 16.22

Figure 16.23

Scheme 16.2

Scheme 16.3

Figure 16.24

Figure 16.25

List of Tables

Table 1.1

Table 1.2

Table 1.3

Table 1.4

Table 1.5

Table 1.6

Table 1.7

Table 1.8

Table 2.1

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Table 5.1

Table 5.2

Table 5.3

Table 5.4

Table 5.5

Table 5.6

Table 5.7

Table 5.8

Table 5.9

Table 5.10

Table 5.11

Table 6.1

Table 6.2

Table 6.3

Table 6.4

Table 6.5

Table 6.6

Table 8.1

Table 11.1

Table 11.2

Table 3.1

Table 14.1

Table 2

Table 15.1

Table 15.2

Table 15.3

Table 15.4

Table 15.5

Table 15.6

Table 15.7

Table 15.8

Table 15.9

Table 16.1

Table 16.2

Table 16.3

Table 16.4

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