Calcium Binding Proteins E-Book

Eugene Permyakov

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Wiley Series in Protein and Peptide Science
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1175

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

Calcium Binding Proteins explains the unique and highly diverse functions of calcium in biology, which are realized by calcium binding proteins. The structures and physical characteristics of these calcium binding proteins are described, as well as their functions and general patterns of their evolution. Techniques that underlie the description of proteins are discussed, including NMR, circular dichroism, optical rotatory dispersion spectroscopy, calorimetry,and crystallography. The book discusses the patterns of bochmical phenomena such as calcium homeostasis, mineralization, and cell signaling that involve specific proteins. It summarizes ongoing research and presents general hypotheses that help to focus future research, and also provides a conceptual framework and a description of the underlying techniques that permits someone entering the field to become conversant.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Series Page

Title Page

Copyright

Preface

Acknowledgment

Chapter 1: Historical Perspective

1.1 Biomineralization

1.2 Coagulation

1.3 Secondary Messengers (Anticipated)

1.4 Colloids

1.5 Cross-Linking and Cell Surfaces

1.6 Secondary Messengers (Updated)

1.7 Pumps, cchannels, and Ionophores

1.8 Calcium Binding Proteins

1.9 Secondary Messengers (Yet Again)

1.10 Mitochondria

1.11 Pumps, Channels, and Ionophores

1.12 Hormones

1.13 Measurement

1.14 Biomineralization: Redux

Chapter 2: Physiological Processes Involving Calcium Binding Proteins

2.1 Calcium as a Secondary Messenger

2.2 Calcium Buffers

2.3 Calcium Pumps and Channels

2.4 Mitochondria

2.5 Eubacteria

2.6 Calcium and Extracellular Proteins

2.7 Biomineralization

2.8 Calcium and Viruses

Chapter 3: Comparison of the Ca2+ Ion with Other Metal Cations

3.1 Calcium Isotopes

3.2 Calcium in the Environment

3.3 Uses of Calcium

3.4 Health Effects of Calcium

3.5 Biologically Significant Metals in the Periodic Table

3.6 Hydration of Metal Ions

3.7 “Hard” and “Soft” Metal Ions

Chapter 4: Complexes of Calcium and Other Cations with Compounds of Low Molecular Weight

4.1 Crystal structures of complexes of calcium with low molecular weight compounds

4.2 Dissociation constants of calcium and analogs with small compounds

4.3 Solubilities of calcium and analogs with small compounds

Chapter 5: Stoichiometry, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of Calcium Binding

5.1 Stoichiometry, affinity, and cooperativity of binding

5.2 Kinetics of binding

5.3 Partition of free energy of binding (ΔG) among enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS)

Chapter 6: Experimental Methods Used to Study Calcium Binding to Proteins

6.1 Radioactivity

6.2 Ion-selective electrodes

6.3 Calcium buffers

6.4 Dialysis, equilibrium, and flow

6.5 Proteolysis

6.6 Deuterium exchange

6.7 Isothermal titration calorimetry

6.8 Differential scanning calorimetry

6.9 Mass spectroscopy

6.10 Calcium-specific dyes and fluors

6.11 Atomic flame absorption spectroscopy

6.12 Absorption spectroscopy

6.13 Fluorescence spectroscopy

6.14 Circular dichroic and optical rotatory dispersion spectroscopy

6.15 Nuclear magnetic resonance

6.16 Electron spin resonance

6.17 Surface plasmon resonance

6.18 Extended x-ray absorption spectroscopy

6.19 Small angle x-ray scattering

6.20 Crystallography

Chapter 7: Structure and Evolution of Proteins

7.1 Domain

7.2 Structure

7.3 Evolution

Chapter 8: Protein Complexes with Metals other than Calcium

8.1 Essential hard cations

8.2 Essential metals with several valence states

8.3 Conclusions

Chapter 9: Nonessential Metals

9.1 Alkali Metals (Group Ia)

9.2 Alkali Earth Metals (Group IIa)

9.3 Group IIIa

9.4 Group IVa

9.5 Group Va

9.6 Group VIIa

9.7 Group VIII

9.8 Group Ib

9.9 Mercury (Group IIb)

9.10 Group IIIb

9.11 Group IVb

9.12 Group Vb

9.13 Polonium (Group VIb)

9.14 Conclusions and Generalizations

Chapter 10: Parvalbumin

10.1 Structure

10.2 Function

Chapter 11: EF-hand Proteins

11.1 CTER (Calmodulin, Troponin C, Essential and Regulatory Light Chain) Subfamily

11.2 CPR (calcineurin B, p22, recoverin) subfamily

11.3 S100 subfamily

11.4 Penta-EF-hand subfamily

11.5 Proteins with six EF-hands

11.6 Proteins with eight and 12 EF-hands

11.7 Proteins with four EF-hands

11.8 Proteins with two EF-hands

11.9 EF-hand proteins in bacteria and viruses

Chapter 12: Cytosolic Calcium Binding Proteins Lacking EF-hands

12.1 Annexins

12.2 C2-domain proteins

12.3 Calcium ATPases

12.4 Calcium binding proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum

Chapter 13: Extracellular Calcium Binding Proteins

13.1 α-Lactalbumin

13.2 Cell matrix proteins

13.3 Blood-clotting proteins

13.4 Osteocalcin

13.5 Calcium binding lectins

13.6 Calcium binding hydrolytic enzymes

13.7 Miscellaneous

Chapter 14: Interactions of Calcium Binding Proteins with Other Metal Ions

14.1 Magnesium

14.2 Sodium and potassium

14.3 Zinc

14.4 Trace metals

Chapter 15: Interactions of Calcium Binding Proteins with Other Proteins and with Membranes

15.1 Interactions with other proteins

15.2 Interactions with membranes

Chapter 16: Genetic Engineering of Calcium Binding Proteins

16.1 Problems

16.2 Insertion of reporter groups

16.3 Mutations in calcium binding sites

16.4 Mutations elsewhere than in calcium binding sites

16.5 Generation of chimeric proteins

16.6 Creation of calcium binding sites in proteins

16.7 Studies of protein–protein and protein–membrane interactions

References

Color Plates

Index

Wiley Series in Protein and Peptide Science

VLADIMIR N. UVERSKY, Series Editor

Metalloproteomics • Eugene A. Permyakov

Protein Misfolding Diseases: Current and Emerging Principles and Therapies • Edited by Marina Ramirez-Alvarado, Jeffery W. Kelly, and Christopher M. Dobson

Instrumental Analysis of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: Assessing Structure and Conformation • Vladimir Uversky and Sonia Longhi

Calcium Binding Proteins • Eugene A. Permyakov and Robert H. Kretsinger

Copyright © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Published simultaneously in Canada.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, [phone], fax [phone], or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, [phone], fax [phone], or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at [phone], outside the United States at [phone] or fax [phone].

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Permyakov, E. A. (Evgeni Anatol'evich)

Calcium Binding Proteins / Eugene Permyakov and Robert H. Kretsinger.

p. cm. – (Wiley series in protein and peptide science ; 5)

Includes index.

ISBN 978-0-470-52584-5 (hardback)

1. Calcium-binding proteins 2. Calcium in the body. I. Kretsinger, Robert H. II. Title.

QP552.C24P457 2010

572'.69–dc22

2010026572

ISBN: 978-0-470-52584-5

ePub: 978-1-118-09954-4

Preface

Calcium plays a unique role in eukaryotes as an intracellular second messenger. Information regarding a pulse of Ca2+ ions is transduced to a change in conformation and function of a calcium modulated protein. However, calcium binds specifically and essentially to many other proteins intra- and extracellularly, as well as to proteins of eubacteria, archae, and viruses. Further, calcium is the essential constituent of many biominerals. All of these interrelated functions involve calcium binding proteins, the subject of the book.

To put these descriptions of calcium binding proteins in context, we have summarized the history of these studies, the physiological processes involved, the techniques used to study the proteins, the chemistry of calcium and related metals, as well as the proteins that bind these metals. These descriptions should incorporate the recent literature and be valuable to the research community. There should also be enough background information in biology to make the discussions meaningful to advanced undergraduates in the physical sciences and, at the same time, enough description of the fundamentals of inorganic and physical chemistry to permit a critical reading by students in biology.

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by grants from the Molecular and Cellular Biology program in the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Eugene A. Permyakov

Robert H. Kretsinger