Climate Adaptation Governance in Cities and Regions E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Global climate change creates new challenges in particular for cities and regions. As centres of human activity they are especially vulnerable to climate change impacts. Adapting to a changing climate requires dealing with multiple uncertainties and complexity in order to allow proactive action. Therefore, cities and regions around the globe face the challenge of exploring flexible and innovative forms of governance which have to address specific local or regional vulnerabilities and build capacity to accommodate future change.
This raises questions about the roles of stakeholders, the involvement of citizens, the composition and use of formal and informal instruments as well as the implementation of different forms of organization and regulation at the local and regional level.
This book provides case studies from cities and regions all around the world. It analyses climate change adaptation from a perspective of organizing, administering and implementing local and regional adaptation strategies and measures. It looks into actors, actor-constellations, institutions and networks of climate adaptation. And, it provides the reader with knowledge about good practices and experiences to be transferred for solving adaptation challenges in cities and regions around the globe.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016
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Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright
List of contributors
Chapter 1: Climate adaptation governance in cities and regions: framework conditions, theoretical concepts and research questions
The need for transformational climate change adaptation
Transformation towards climate-resilient systems
Understanding of governance
Governance modes and instruments
The need for governance arrangements for climate change adaptation
Climate adaptation governance in cities and regions
Chapter overview
Acknowledgements
References
Part I: Theoretical basis
Chapter 2: Applying social resilience concepts and indicators to support climate adaptation in tropical North Queensland, Australia
Introduction
Theoretical foundations: social resilience and climate change adaptation
Methods and approaches
A hybrid approach to applying resilience indicators
Results for the tropical NQ resilience assessment
Wet tropics subregion
Northern Gulf subregion
Cape York Peninsula subregion
Torres Strait subregion
Emerging strategic directions for the TNQ region
Overall summary and conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 3: Spatial planning to promote urban resilience in coping with climate change and flooding: exploring two cases in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Introduction
Planning characteristics in promoting urban resilience
Empirical study: two cases in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Assessing planning characteristics in promoting urban resilience
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Adaptation to climate change and participatory action research (PAR): lessons from municipalities in Quebec, Canada
Introduction
How coastal communities have to deal with climate change?
Governance in coastal social–ecological system
The importance of governance in climate change adaptation and resilience planning
Governance and participative action research (PAR)
Methodology
How was PAR implemented?
How was governance improved through the process?
What are the barriers to improving governance?
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 5: Generating narratives on future risk to inform regional climate change adaptation planning
Introduction
Knowledge for climate change adaptation
Regional natural resource management
Human mobility as climate change adaptation in Asia
Research to inform regional resilience
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Advancing climate change adaptation and climate risk understanding through intervention research: case studies from Brazil and Australia
Introduction
Intervention research for climate change adaptation
Research approach and context
The São Paulo Project
The North Queensland Project
Advancing the ability to learn and adapt through intervention research
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 7: Climate adaptation and the significance of different modes of local political leadership: views of Swedish local political leaders
Introduction
Method and material
Results and discussion
References
Part II: Hierarchical forms of coordination
Chapter 8: Regulating climate change adaptation, the case of surface water
Introduction
Flood risk and vulnerability
The political economy of urban development
Adaptation at the central level: three potential tools
Why regulate?
The regulatory outcome that reduces vulnerability
How to ensure the vulnerability reducing regulatory outcome?
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9: Climate adaptation governance – theory, concepts, and praxis in cities and regions. The role of climate and water governance in supporting climate change adaptation processes
Introduction
Climate governance
Adaptive governance and law
The property interest in water
Building adaptive water governance through policies and programs
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Climate problem and territorial governance: an overview of adaptation initiatives at the French regional level
Introduction
Local and regional governance and adaptation to climate change: framing the context
Is local action a suitable response to a difficult issue?
Varied and uncertain impacts
The need for a territorial approach to adaptation
Adaptation issues in the Regional Climate-Air-Energy Plans: between national top-down approach and regional dynamics
Recent regional concerns on the subject of adaptation
First regional adaptation strategies under experimental local governance
Content associated with climate-change adaptation: imitation rationales and regional variation
Themes, sectors and effects related to CCA in the first regional climate policies
The beginnings of building up strategic adaptation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 11: Regional rescaling in adaptation governance: from agency to collaborative control in flood management in England?
Introduction
Flood management in England: an historical overview
Rescaling in practice: the Anglian (Eastern) and South West RFCCs
Collaboration or agency control?
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 12: From case studies to policy-making: adapting to climate change in Lithuania
Introduction – climate adaptation on local, regional and national levels
Multi-level governance of climate adaptation exemplified by Lithuania
Learning from local and regional climate adaptation projects in Lithuania
The impact of local and regional climate adaptation projects on the Lithuanian Climate Change Strategy
Conclusions and outlook
References
Chapter 13: The rise and fall of climate adaptation governance on the Gold Coast, Australia
Introduction
A snapshot of the Gold Coast
Hierarchical government
The rise of adaptation responses up to 2012
The decline of responses post-2012
Why the decline?
From government to governance: the community steps up
Conclusions
References
Chapter 14: Climate change adaptation in private real estate development: essential concepts about development for feasible research, regulation and governance
Introduction
Contribution and significance of private sector development to climate change
A broader sector-wide, whole-of-process perspective
Key roles in development: risk, capital and the developer
Capital
Identifying the developer: the risk managers
Role of information
The development industry comprises a very heterogeneous collection of development firms
Temporal structural dynamism
Negotiating the risk landscape and responding to regulation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 15: Pro-poor climate change adaptation in Zambia
Introduction
The Participatory Climate Change Asset Adaptation and the Rapid Risk and Institutional Appraisal (RRIA) as conceptual frameworks for climate change adaptation
Climate change adaptation and institutions in Lusaka – a case study
Conclusion: the PCCAA and RRIA in sub-Saharan African Cities from a Zambian context
References
Part III: Informal and corporative forms of coordination
Chapter 16: Climate change adaptation through hierarchies and networks in the city of Bergen
Introduction
Bergen: exposed, robust and vulnerable
Why is climate change adaptation on the agenda in Bergen?
Adaptation through hierarchies and networks
Adaptation within the hierarchical structure
Adaptation through networks
Does the mix of hierarchy and network lead to good adaptation?
References
Chapter 17: Influence of citizens and stakeholders in shaping adaptation policy – opportunities and barriers
Introduction
Participation in planning
Data and method
Case-study location
The participatory process
Development of the adaptation plan
National requirements to the adaptation plan
Tangible impact of the participatory process in the adaptation plan
Controversial issues
Barriers related to adaptation and the participatory processes
The economic assessment
Conclusions
References
Chapter 18: Public participation in the governance of metropolitan scale climate adaptation: panacea or problem?
Introduction
The role and purpose of public participation in metropolitan scale adaptation planning
South East Queensland: cases of public participation in climate adaptation governance
Conclusions
References
Chapter 19: Governance for (climate) change in American “Legacy” cities: a case study of Cleveland
Legacy cities
Governance in Legacy cities
Vibrant NEO 2040
Conclusions: the governance–climate change nexus
References
Chapter 20: Governance of climate change adaptation on Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
Small Island Developing States and climate change adaptation
Power
Conflict/cooperation
Conclusions: supranational and local governance
References
Chapter 21: Adaptation in small coastal towns in Australia
Introduction
Drawing from the literature
Overview of the research method
Findings
Discussion
Recommendations and conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 22: Transnational learning for climate change adaptation in the Baltic Sea Region
Introduction
Transnational and institutional learning
Analyzing transnational learning
Transnational learning for climate adaptation in BaltCICA
How did project partners learn from each other?
Who learned from whom?
What did partners learn from each other?
Outcomes of learning processes: individual learning to institutional learning
Conclusion: added value of transnational learning in the Baltic Sea Region
References
Part IV: Findings of Climate Change Adaptation in Cities and Regions
Chapter 23: Climate adaptation governance in cities and regions between hierarchical steering and network cooperation: findings from theoretical considerations and international practice
Climate adaptation – dealing with varying challenges and contexts in cities and regions
Directing local and regional adaptation through strategies and plans
Resilience as guiding concept for climate adaptation governance
Role(s) of regions in climate adaptation governance
Climate adaptation governance between hierarchy and networks
The role of knowledge and science in climate adaptation
Participation and cooperation in climate adaptation
The need for transformational climate change adaptation
Considerations about future research on climate adaptation governance in cities and regions
References
Index
End User License Agreement
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Guide
Table of Contents
Part
Begin Reading
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1: Climate adaptation governance in cities and regions: framework conditions, theoretical concepts and research questions
Figure 1.1 Managing risks from climate change impacts (IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 2014a: 26).
Figure 1.2 Planning cycle for climate adaptation (EEA (European Environment Agency), 2012: 74).
Chapter 2: Applying social resilience concepts and indicators to support climate adaptation in tropical North Queensland, Australia
Figure 2.1 Four processes associated with climate adaptation planning and decision-making currently informed by social resilience benchmarks developed in TNQ.
Figure 2.2 Overall social resilience index ratings for all TNQ subregions 2013. Note: Both
X
and
Y
axes reflect a resilience rating scale that represents an additive rating range of 1–5 per attribute within each cluster (based on Dale
et al
. 2011). A higher index rating in each attribute cluster represents high levels of social resilience. (See insert for color representation of this figure).
Chapter 3: Spatial planning to promote urban resilience in coping with climate change and flooding: exploring two cases in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Figure 3.1 Assessing local decision-making in the case of Meinong.
4
(See insert for color representation of this figure).
Figure 3.2 Assessing local decision-making in the case of Kaohsiung city centre.
5
(See insert for color representation of this figure).
Chapter 4: Adaptation to climate change and participatory action research (PAR): lessons from municipalities in Quebec, Canada
Figure 4.1 Community resilience capacity building tool diagram used in the CCC-CURA (Vasseur, 2012). (See insert for color representation of this figure).
Chapter 5: Generating narratives on future risk to inform regional climate change adaptation planning
Figure 5.1 Summary of vulnerability analyses for NRM in the AMLR.
Figure 5.2 Location of hotspots in Southeast Asia likely to be affected by sea-level rise, storm surges, cyclones and typhoons, riparian flooding and water stress.
Chapter 6: Advancing climate change adaptation and climate risk understanding through intervention research: case studies from Brazil and Australia
Figure 6.1 Conceptual model illustrating the relationship between intervention research and the adaptive capacity process.
Figure 6.2 Framework linking intervention research and the development of policies to enhance adaptive capacity. (See insert for color representation of this figure).
Chapter 12: From case studies to policy-making: adapting to climate change in Lithuania
Figure 12.1 MLG types:
type I
– nested MLG (a) and
type II
– polycentric MLG (b) (under Bulkeley
et al
., 2003; type I-nested MLG adapted from Fairbrass and Jordan, 2001).
Figure 12.2 Sectorial approach in the National Strategy for Climate Change Management Policy in Lithuania (Ministry of Environment, 2012).
Figure 12.3 Stakeholder mapping in Lithuania under the BaltCICA project activities in Panevėžys district Target Area (Ministry of Agriculture, 2012).
Figure 12.4 Legitimation mechanism scheme of climate change adaptation process in local and regional communities developed according to the experience from the BaltCICA project.
Figure 12.5 Involvement of climate change adaptation experience from local and regional level (darker ellipse) in the preparation process of the National Strategy for Climate Change Management Policy (NSCCMP) in Lithuania:
Action
level (solid line shaped rectangular) – govern body;
Implementation
level (square dot shaped rectangles) – executive bodies;
Legitimation
level (ellipses) – different actors and actions. Dot shaped arrows represent information flows from
Legitimation
to
Implementation
levels; and, solid arrows represent collaboration between executive and govern bodies.
Figure 12.6 Involvement of
Reaction
level as a feedback to
Action
level in the NSCCMP process in Lithuania.
Chapter 16: Climate change adaptation through hierarchies and networks in the city of Bergen
Figure 16.1 Climate adaptation within the hierarchical structure of the City of Bergen.
Chapter 17: Influence of citizens and stakeholders in shaping adaptation policy – opportunities and barriers
Figure 17.1 Participatory plan development process in Kalundborg. (See insert for color representation of this figure).
Figure 17.2 Climate risk map of Kalundborg's climate adaptation plan. (
Source:
Reproduced with permission of Kalundborg Municipality.) (See insert for color representation of this figure).
Chapter 19: Governance for (climate) change in American “Legacy” cities: a case study of Cleveland
Figure 19.1 Legacy cities identified by the American Assembly (2013). (See insert for color representation of this figure).
Figure 19.2 Four scenarios for the Northeast Ohio region in 2040 (Vibrant NEO 2040 Final Report).
Chapter 21: Adaptation in small coastal towns in Australia
Figure 21.1 Structures to facilitate adaptation.
Chapter 22: Transnational learning for climate change adaptation in the Baltic Sea Region
Figure 22.1 Transnational learning, individual learning, and institutional learning.
Figure 22.2 Different patterns of transnational learning within the BaltCICA project (solid line, explicit learning; dotted line, implicit learning/cooperation). (a) Theory and methodology; (b) methods and good practice; (c) models and data; (d) knowledge, experience, and good practice; (e) expertise and measures; and (f) ideas and visions.
List of Tables
Chapter 2: Applying social resilience concepts and indicators to support climate adaptation in tropical North Queensland, Australia
Table 2.1 Four basic clusters of social resilience attributes at regional scale
Table 2.2 Preliminary and possible cross-regional strategic responses emerging from the subregional resilience analysis
Chapter 3: Spatial planning to promote urban resilience in coping with climate change and flooding: exploring two cases in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Table 3.1 Summary of studies characterising planning relevant to urban resilience
Table 3.2 Summary of the characteristics of planning decision-making especially relevant to promote urban resilience
Chapter 4: Adaptation to climate change and participatory action research (PAR): lessons from municipalities in Quebec, Canada
Table 4.1 List of the three most important issues listed in Maria and Bonaventure, in 2013, using the MEGF
Chapter 5: Generating narratives on future risk to inform regional climate change adaptation planning
Table 5.1 Significant elements of the regional climate change adaptation case studies
Table 5.2 Sources consulted in delimiting hot spots of climate change impact in Southeast Asia
Chapter 6: Advancing climate change adaptation and climate risk understanding through intervention research: case studies from Brazil and Australia
Table 6.1 Examples of types of knowledge generated in the two intervention research projects
Chapter 10: Climate problem and territorial governance: an overview of adaptation initiatives at the French regional level
Table 10.1 Quantitative increase in the number of Regional Climate-Energy Plans (PCET)
Table 10.2 Comparison of themes and sectors called up in the adaptation section of agreed Climate-Air-Energy Regional Plans
Table 10.3 Main contents associated with the six recurrent adaptation themes of regional climate-air-energy plans (SRCAE)
Chapter 11: Regional rescaling in adaptation governance: from agency to collaborative control in flood management in England?
Table 11.1 List of RFCC interviewees
Chapter 13: The rise and fall of climate adaptation governance on the Gold Coast, Australia
Table 13.1 Key climate change polices and plans affecting the Gold Coast.
a
Chapter 15: Pro-poor climate change adaptation in Zambia
Table 15.1 Listing and ranking of weather in the study sites
Table 15.2 A summary of household, business and community asset vulnerability to severe weather in Kalingalinga and Linda compounds
Table 15.3 Listing and ranking of important household assets for adapting to severe weather conditions in the two study sites
Table 15.4 Matrix of focus groups with household asset adaptation strategies in the study sites
Table 15.5 Selected legislative instruments and policies with implications for climate change adaptation in Lusaka
Chapter 18: Public participation in the governance of metropolitan scale climate adaptation: panacea or problem?
Table 18.1 Participation in adaptation policy governance
Chapter 20: Governance of climate change adaptation on Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
Table 20.1 SIDS regional, national and subnational governance systems in a comparative framework for CCA and climate-related hazards
Chapter 22: Transnational learning for climate change adaptation in the Baltic Sea Region
Table 22.1 Main structure of the workshop sessions
Table 22.2 Common challenges and topics on which learning took place
Climate Adaptation Governance in Cities and Regions
Theoretical Fundamentals and Practical Evidence
EDITED BY
Jörg Knieling
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Knieling, Jörg, author.
Title: Climate adaptation governance in cities and regions : theoretical
fundamentals and practical evidence / by Jorg Knieling.
Description: Chichester, UK ; Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2016. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016007468 (print) | LCCN 2016013553 (ebook) | ISBN
9781118451717 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781118451700 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN
9781118451670 (ePub)
Subjects: LCSH: Climatic changes–Government policy. | Environmental policy.
Classification: LCC QC903 .K569 2016 (print) | LCC QC903 (ebook) | DDC
363.738/74561091732–dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016007468
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN: 9781118451717
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.
List of contributors
Hurriyet Babacan
The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
Douglas K. Bardsley
Geography, Environment and Population, School of Social Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Bjørn Bedsted
The Danish Board of Technology (DBT), Copenhagen, Denmark
David Benson
Environment and Sustainability Institute and Department of Politics, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
François Bertrand
UMR CITERES 7324, Université de Tours (France)/CNRS, Tours, France
Helen Boon
College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
Paul Burton
Urban Research Program, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
Darryl Low Choy
Urban Research Program, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
Andreas Hastrup Clemmensen
The Danish Board of Technology (DBT), Copenhagen, Denmark
Eddo Coiacetto
Griffith School of the Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
Hadrian Cook
School of Natural and Built Environments, Kingston University, London, UK
Alison Cottrell
Centre for Disaster Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
Charlotte DaCunha
Department of Economic Sciences, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines Versailles, France
Allan Patrick Dale
The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
Aysin Dedekorkut-Howes
Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
Harry Diaz
Department of Sociology and Social Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Lucia Costa Ferreira
Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
Gabriela Marques Di Giulio
School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Margaret Gooch
The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
Søren Gram
The Danish Board of Technology (DBT), Copenhagen, Denmark
Kari Johanne Hjeltnes
Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Oslo, Norway
Mattias Hjerpe
Centre for Climate Science and Policy Research, Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
Michael Howes
Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
Graeme J. Hugo
Geography, Environment and Population, School of Social Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Margot A. Hurlbert
Department of Justice Studies and Department of Sociology and Social Studies, CL 235, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Sanda Kaufman
Levin College of Urban Affairs, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
Justas Kažys
Department of Hydrology and Climatology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
Ilan Kelman
Institute for Risk & Disaster Reduction and Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, Oslo, Norway
David King
Centre for Disaster Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
Jan Erling Klausen
Department of Political Science, University of Oslo, Norway
Katharina Klindworth
Institute for Urban Planning and Regional Development, HafenCity University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Jörg Knieling
Institute for Urban Planning and Regional Development, HafenCity University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Ove Langeland
Department of Regional Development, Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo, Norway.
Corinne Larrue
UMR CITERES 7324, Université de Tours (France)/CNRS, Tours, France
Spatial Planning, Institut d'Urbanisme de Paris, Université de Paris-Est, Marne la Vallée, France
Walter Leal Filho
International Climate Change Information Programme, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
Irene Lorenzoni
Science, Society and Sustainability (3S) Research Group, and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Peiwen Lu
Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Johanna Nalau
Griffith Institute for Tourism and Griffith Climate Change Response Program, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
Julija Naujėkaitė
Department of Sociology of Law, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Institute of Public Administration, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
Petina Pert
CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Cairns, QLD, Australia
Steve Plante
Département Sociétés, Territoires et Développement, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
Ruth Potts
Faculty of the Built Environment and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Trude Rauken
CICERO – Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo, Norway
Elsa Richard
UMR CITERES 7324, Université de Tours (France)/CNRS, Tours, France
Egidijus Rimkus
Department of Hydrology and Climatology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
Silvia Serrao-Neumann
Urban Research Program, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
Stefanie Lange Scherbenske
Nordregio, Stockholm, Sweden
Danny Simatele
School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of The Witwatersrand and Wits Siyakhana Initiative for Ecological Health and Food Security, Johannesburg, South Africa
Janet Stanley
Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Bob Stevenson
The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
Sofie Storbjörk
Centre for Climate Science and Policy Research, Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
Liette Vasseur
Department of Biological Sciences Environmental Sustainability Research Centre Women and Gender Studies Program, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
Karen Vella
Faculty of the Built Environment and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Bronwyn Voyce
Faculty of the Built Environment and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Lisa Van Well
Department of Land Use Planning and Climate Adaptation, Swedish Geotechnical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Marte Winsvold
Department of politics, democracy and civil society, Institute for Social Research, Oslo, Norway.
Nathanael D. Wiseman
Geography, Environment and Population, School of Social Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Chapter 1Climate adaptation governance in cities and regions: framework conditions, theoretical concepts and research questions
Jörg Knieling and Katharina Klindworth
Urban Planning and Regional Development, HafenCity University, Hamburg, Germany
For some years now, politicians have been negotiating agreements on cutting down global greenhouse gas emissions and thus limiting global warming to 2°C, and due to the extent and reach of climate change this challenge will certainly keep international diplomacy busy also in the next decades. However, parallel to this we are already experiencing global warming and its impacts. Already today, all over the world vulnerable population groups, settlement structures and land uses are in particular at risk of being seriously harmed. And climate change and its consequences will continue to develop long after global greenhouse gas emissions will have started to decline. Thus, adapting to climate change and its impacts will continue to be necessary even if we are able to reach the most optimistic climate mitigation goals and scenarios. Against this background, it is important to acknowledge that climate change mitigation and adaptation require not only piecemeal approaches and iterative changes but in many ways fundamental transformation of living, producing and working:
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
