Climate change - ocean acidity E-Book

Matti Moilanen

• Herausgeber: Books on Demand
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 59

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2020

Beschreibung

The book will prove using mathematical models and statistics that we are dealing with a much broader phenomenon than just the climate change and climate carbon dioxide increase. The book will proceed from a basic climate model to the ocean carbon dioxide dissolving to the oceans causing chemical reaction and energy storing into the oceans. They form the global energy change model, which are also related to the El Niño and La Niña phenomenon. The research leads to the alarming conclusion that the ocean acidification process can mislead the sceptics to believe that the rise of climate carbon dioxide does not cause climate change warming and all actions to prevent the carbon dioxide rise are useless. At the same time the oceans acidify all the time and all biota are about to die in 60 years in the seas if the ocean acidification goes on. The cumulative energy storage in the oceans can furthermore hide the destructive consequence that when the acidification reaches the critical point of time, the energy stored in the oceans may release causing extra hot temperatures. After this point there is nothing mankind can do to prevent the climate change consequences. The monitoring of the ocean state has been neglected while the interest has been focused on climate change. All the topics above are presented in the book using mathematical analysis

Leseprobe

Climate change - ocean acidity

Climate change - Ocean acidificationDedicationIntroductionThe interaction between the climate and oceans in the global energy changeThe basic modelThe derivative model of carbon dioxideNonlinear modelsHow should one interpret the results?The interaction of the climate and oceansHow do the oceans hide the globally devastating energy change?The acidity of the oceans in function of climate carbon dioxideHow does ocean acidity affect climate change?The significance of El Niño and La Niña phenomenon in the climate changeThe influence of insolation to El Niño phenomenonThe insolation variations in the time span 1980 – 2015El Niño temperature T(El Niño) variations in the time span 1980 – 2015The correlation between insolation and El Niño variationsHow does the ocean acidity variations effect on El Niño phenomenon in the time span 1990 – 2019How does the climate carbon dioxide variations effect on El Niño phenomenon in the time span 1958 – 2018How do the insolation, ocean acidity and climate carbon dioxide variations affect the El Niño phenomenon?The interpretation of the resultsThe global energy changeHow far can the ocean acidity advance before the organism starts to die?Before we end up to the critical pointWhat will happen when we are driven to the critical point?Phenomenon associated with the global energy changeIs this what mankind has accomplished?Where are we heading?What about the skeptics?What should we do?What is going on and what can we do immediately in Finland?SummaryCALCULATIONS The basic model and its derivative model, calculationsNonlinear models, calculationsHow does ocean acidity affect climate change? calculationsThe insolation variations in the time span 1980 – 2015, calculationsEl Niño temperature T(El Niño) variations in the time span 1980 – 2015, calculationsHow does the ocean acidity variations effect on El Niño phenomenon in the time span 1990 – 2019, calculationsHow does the climate carbon dioxide effect on El Niño phenomenon in the time span 1958 – 2018, calculationsReferencesCopyright

Climate change - Ocean acidification

Dedication

I dedicate this book to my wife Liisa Moilanen, with whom we have discussed the matters included in this book. Liisa is a researcher and I have got priceless help to carry out this book.

Introduction

The climate model is often referred to while talking about climate change. I thought I would find out what it consists of. What I did find on the internet was that the carbon dioxide in the climate rises the climate temperature. Another thing was that the climate change models are so large that supercomputers were needed to calculate the million lines large models. I have not seen any presentation meant for the public describing the climate change model of the climate researchers. I wanted to figure out climate change with mathematical models and calculations. I have fortunately the university education to do modelling research and several years of experience modelling industrial processes.

It was quite easy to find data of climate temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, ocean acidity, polar ice cap extent etc. I am used to the way of working that all processes can be described with relatively simple models, which can be detailed if needed. It is always a better way to start the simple way to get a closer look at the problem before proceeding to more complex models.  I decided to use Excel as my basic tool for modelling.

While calculating preliminary data correlations I found a very surprising dependence, the one-year old ocean acidity value gives a slightly better correlation than the climate carbon dioxide to the climate temperature. This finding promised an interesting examination.

The starting point for my examination was the doubt that the climate change models give false predictions for global warming. The long-term measurements were available on the internet as well as the Excel calculating programs. The dependencies between the variables could be calculated and analysed with those tools. The global energy change model was the result. Besides:

The interaction between the climate and oceans appeared to be the most ruling factor. The oceans act as a chemical storage in such a powerful way that the climate temperature does not rise the way it was estimated to do earlier. The reason for this behaviour lies in the chemical reaction in which the carbon dioxide dissolves to the oceans forming carbon acid and absorbs heat from the surroundings and acidifies the oceans.

The acidification of the oceans is also the reason why El Niño and La Niña phenomena get stronger because the energy accumulated in the oceans is higher and it is taking part in that phenomenon. During the El Niño phenomenon the chemical process reverses causing more heat to be released in the surroundings.

The acidification of the oceans is a greater global threat than climate warming

.

The calculations and data, which have led to the conclusions above, are presented in this book.

It is time now to correct the understanding about climate change and proceed to the actions according to the more detailed understanding of climate change. The means are fortunately the same regardless of the objective: to prevent climate change or acidification. All groups: the state, municipalities, companies as well as the citizens have to take part in the fight against the global energy change. With good examples and right commercial limitations in foreign trade we may get other countries to fight against the carbon dioxide increase in the climate.

The interaction between the climate and oceans in the global energy change

The most important factor in the global energy change is the acidification of oceans and the chemical reactions, which bind and release heat. The importance of which was revealed with the calculations and changed my judgement about climate change completely. I would like to change the concept “climate change” to “global energy change”.

It is important to notice that the chemical energy storing of the oceans overpowers the destructive evolution, which will lead to biota destruction and intensifying of the El Niño phenomenon. That for one will lead to extreme weather behaviour.

I will go through the evidence material of the global energy change as detailed as possible using the data collected scientifically for calculations. I will publish the original and calculated data accurately. I will start with the basic model of climate change, which I suppose to be the basic model of the climate researchers.

The basic model

Let us make the simplest model and let us examine the suitability of it to describe climate change.

The basic model has a linear dependency between the climate carbon dioxide and the climate temperature, which can be expressed in the form:

The calculations of the model parameters as well as derivative model parameters presented in the next chapter are presented in the end of this book in chapter The basic model and its derivative model, calculations.

In all calculations the filtered values of the measurements are used, which is shown with a little “s” letter at the end of the measurements.

The calculated correlation between climate carbon dioxide CO2s and climate temperature Ts was 0,985.

The calculated regression line is presented on equation 1:

Equation 1: