Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine is a comprehensive, practical reference designed to meet the needs of veterinary practitioners and students alike. Covering all aspects of small animal internal medicine, this innovative guide provides clinically relevant material, plus podcasts and continual updates online. Concise, identically-formatted chapters allow readers to quickly find the most essential information for clinical veterinary practice. Contributions from academic and clinical experts cover general medicine subjects, including patient evaluation and management, critical care medicine, preventative care, and diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Topics relevant to daily clinical practice are examined in detail, ranging from endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, and infectious disease to oncology, dermatology, metabolic orthopedic disease, gastroenterology, and hepatology. A companion website features podcasts and updated information. An important addition to the library of any practice, this clinically-oriented text: * Presents complete, practical information on small animal internal medicine * Provides the background physiology required to understand normal versus abnormal in real-world clinical settings * Includes general medicine topics not covered in other internal medicine books * Focuses on information that is directly applicable to daily practice * Features podcasts and continual updates on a companion website Carefully tailored for the needs of small animal practitioners and veterinary students, Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine is an invaluable, reader-friendly reference on internal medicine of the dog and cat.
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Seitenzahl: 4763
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2020
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Table of Contents
Cover
Volume I
Preface
List of Contributors
About the Companion Website
Section 1: Evaluation and Management of the Patient
1 The Concept of One Medicine
Factors Driving One Health
The Human Domain
The Animal Domain
Role for Companion Animal Experts
Conclusion
Reference
2 Statistical Interpretation for Practitioners
External Validity
Internal Validity
Hypothesis Testing
Parametric versus Nonparametric Tests
Describing Data Distributions
Measures of Association and Effect
Incidence Odds and Incidence Odds Ratios
Conclusion
References
3 Using Data for Clinical Decision Making
Hospital‐Based Cross‐sectional Studies
Longitudinal Observational Studies
Conclusion
References
Section 2: Endocrine Disease
4 Principles of Endocrinology
Overview of Endocrinology
Chemical Classes of Hormones
Hormones in Circulation
Hormone Receptors
Regulation of Hormone Secretion
Endocrine Disease
Hormone Measurement
Further Reading
5 Neuroendocrinology
Anatomic Considerations of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary System
Regulation of the Neuroendocrine System
Vascular Supply
Regulation of Hormone Secretion
Further Reading
6 Feline Acromegaly
Etiology/Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Conclusion
Further Reading
7 Pituitary‐Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism in Dogs and Cats
Etiology/Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Further Reading
8 Polyuria and Polydipsia
Physiology of Water Metabolism
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Further Reading
9 Canine Hypothyroidism
Etiology/Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Further Reading
10 Feline Hyperthyroidism
Etiology/Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Further Reading
11 Hypoadrenocorticism in Dogs and Cats
Hypoadrenocorticism in Dogs
Hypoadrenocorticism in Cats
Hyperaldosteronism in Cats
Further Reading
12 Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs and Cats
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
Therapy
Prognosis
Conclusion
Further Reading
13 Hypoglycemia in Patients without Diabetes Mellitus: Evaluation and Management
Maintenance of Normal Glucose Concentrations in Healthy Dogs and Cats
Clinical Signs of Hypoglycemia
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Diagnostic Approach to Disorders Associated with Hypoglycemia
Further Reading
14 Canine Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes
Etiology and Pathophysiology
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis and Prognosis
Therapy
Conclusion
Further Reading
Section 3: Cardiovascular Disease
15 Approach to the Patient with Suspected Cardiovascular Disease
Signalment
Case History and Owner Complaints
Physical Examination
16 Imaging in Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiac Radiography
Conventional Echocardiography
Conventional Doppler Echocardiography
Further Reading
17 Electrocardiography
Indications for ECG Recordings
ECG Lead Terminology and Acquisition Technique
Waveform Morphology and Intervals
Evaluation of the ECG
Criteria for Heart Enlargement
Conduction Abnormalities or Bundle Branch Block
Further Reading
18 Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
Components of the Circulatory System
Determinants of Normal Cardiac Function
The Failing Heart
Therapeutic Implications
Further Reading
19 Management of Heart Failure
Management of Chronic Heart Failure
Therapy for Refractory Chronic Heart Failure
Therapy of Acute Life‐Threatening Heart Failure
Further Reading
20 Ventricular Arrhythmias
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
21 Supraventricular Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia
Sick Sinus Syndrome (Sinus Node Dysfunction)
Persistent Atrial Standstill
Atrioventricular Block
Atrial Fibrillation
Other Forms of Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmia
Further Reading
22 Systemic Hypertension
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
23 Pulmonary Hypertension
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Physical Examination
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
24 Congenital Heart Disease
Etiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Reference
Further Reading
25 Valvular Heart Disease
Canine Degenerative Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease
Valvular Infectious Endocarditis
Further Reading
26 Canine Myocardial Disease
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Further Reading
27 Feline Myocardial Disease
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
28 Pericardial Disease
Congenital
Pericardial Effusion
Constrictive Pericarditis
Further Reading
Section 4: Respiratory Disease
29 A Respiratory Pattern‐Based Approach to Dyspnea
Upper Airway
Lower Airway
Pleural Space
Pulmonary Parenchyma
Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Chest Wall
Diaphragm
Nonrespiratory Causes
Further Reading
30 Feline Bronchial Asthma
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Further Reading
31 Canine Chronic Bronchitis
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Further Reading
32 Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Pathophysiology
Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Definitive Diagnostic Imaging
Management
Conclusion
Reference
Further Reading
33 Surgical Approaches to Thoracic Disease
Pathophysiology of Thoracotomy
Thoracostomy Tubes
Postoperative Monitoring
Postoperative Management
Further Reading
34 Pleural Effusion
Anatomy and Physiology
Pathophysiology of Pleural Fluid Accumulation
Clinical Signs and Physical Examination
Diagnostics
Pyothorax
Chylothorax
Hemothorax
Bilothorax
Conclusion
Further Reading
Section 5: Critical Care Medicine
35 Approach to the Patient in the Critical Care Setting
Physical Exam
History
Assessment
Record Keeping
Client Communication
Referral
The “Rule of 20”
Euthanasia
Conclusion
Further Reading
36 Fluid Therapy
Vascular Access
Body Fluid Compartments
Intravenous Fluid Types
Indications for Fluid Therapy
Monitoring of Fluid Therapy
Conclusion
Further Reading
37 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Principles of CPR
Diagnosing Cardiopulmonary Arrest
Basic Life Support
Advanced Life Support
Defibrillation
Monitoring During CPR
Open Cardiac Massage
Postresuscitation Care
Discontinuing CPR
Further Reading
38 Respiratory Monitoring in Critical Care
Purpose
Identifying Respiratory Distress and Dyspnea
Determination of Response to Specific or Empiric Therapies
Assessment of the Adequacy of Alveolar Ventilation
Assessment of the Adequacy of Oxygenation
Evaluation of Gas Exchange Efficiency
Use of Pulmonary Mechanics to Categorize Disease
Conclusion
Further Reading
39 Acute Respiratory Failure
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Reference
Further Reading
40 Mechanical Ventilation
Indications for Mechanical Ventilation
Ventilator Settings
Mechanical Ventilation for Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
Nursing Care for Ventilator Patients
Complications of Mechanical Ventilation
Nursing Care
Further Reading
41 Approach to the Patient with Shock
Pathophysiology of Shock and Effect on Organ Systems
Diagnosis
Classification of Shock
Oxygen Delivery
Treatment
Reevaluation and Endpoints of Resuscitation
Conclusion
Further Reading
42 Cardiogenic Shock
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
43 Septic Shock
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Further Reading
44 Disorders of Heat and Cold
Normal Thermoregulation
Hypothermia
Hyperthermia
Fever
Heat Stroke
Further Reading
45 Acute Poisoning
History
Physical Examination
Clinical Approach
Decontamination
Conclusion
Further Reading
46 Medical Management of Trauma and Burns
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
47 Venomous Snake Bites
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Conclusion
Further Reading
Section 6: Gastrointestinal Disease
48 Gastrointestinal Imaging
General Imaging Principles
The Pharynx
The Esophagus
The Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Further Reading
49 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Endoscopy Equipment Options
Record Keeping for Endoscopy Procedures
Endoscope Handling
Endoscopic Terminology
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Procedures
Large Intestinal and Distal Small Intestinal Procedures
Endoscopic Biopsy Technique
Endoscopic Interventions
Future Directions of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Further Reading
50 Diseases of the Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands
Healthy Oral Tissues and Salivary Glands
Gingivitis and Periodontitis
Stomatitis
Odontogenic Tumors and Cysts
Malignant Melanoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Eosinophilic Granuloma
Foreign Body
Immune‐Mediated and Autoimmune Diseases
Metabolic Disease
Burns
Salivary Gland Disease
Conclusion
Further Reading
51 Gastritis and Gastric Ulceration in Dogs and Cats
Normal Gastric Mucosal Barrier Function
Etiology and Pathophysiology of Gastritis
Epidemiology of Gastric Disease
History and Clinical Signs of Gastritis
Diagnostic Approach to Suspected Gastritis
Treatment of Gastritis and Gastric Ulceration
Prognosis
Further Reading
52 Disorders of the Esophagus
Normal Esophageal Anatomy and Physiology
Recognition of Esophageal Disorders
Diagnostic Approach to Esophageal Disease
Specific Esophageal Disorders
Esophagitis
Esophageal Strictures
Esophageal Foreign Bodies
Vascular Ring Anomalies
Further Reading
53 Motility Disorders of the Alimentary Tract
Motility Disorders of the Esophagus
Motility Disorders of the Stomach
Motility Disorders of the Small Intestine
Motility Disorders of the Large Intestine
Prokinetics
Further Reading
54 Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Dogs and Cats
Pathogenesis
Etiology
Signalment
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Further Reading
55 Pancreatitis in the Dog
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Conclusion
Further Reading
56 Pancreatitis in the Cat
Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Pancreatitis in Cats
Noninvasive Diagnostics for Feline Pancreatitis
Approaches to Management of Pancreatitis in Cats
Complications of Pancreatitis in Cats
Further Reading
57 Rectoanal Diseases – Medical and Surgical Management
Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma
Anal Sac Impaction
Atresia Ani and Rectoanal Strictures
Constipation, Obstipation, and Megacolon
Perianal Fistulae
Pseudocoprostasis
Rectal Foreign Bodies
Rectal Polyps
Rectal Prolapse
Rectal Tears and Trauma
Rectal Tumors
Further Reading
58 Dysbiosis and the Use of Pre‐, Pro‐ and Synbiotics
The Importance of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota
The Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Healthy Dogs and Cats
The Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Disease
Therapeutic Approach to Dysbiosis
Clinical Data on Probiotics in Veterinary Medicine
Further Reading
59 Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Enteropathies
Definition
Classification of Chronic Enteropathies
Etiopathogenesis
Epidemiology
History, Clinical Signs, and Diagnostic Work‐Up
Serum and Fecal Markers of Disease
Work‐up and Diagnostic Tests: Abdominal Ultrasound, Endoscopy, and Histopathology
Treatment and Prognosis
Further Reading
Section 7: Diseases of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Bile Ducts
60 Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease
Pathophysiology of Important Clinical Presentations of Liver Disease
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Conclusion
Further Reading
61 Imaging in Hepatobiliary Disease
Classification of Hepatobiliary Disease
Normal Hepatobiliary Anatomy
Hepatobiliary Radiography
Hepatobiliary Ultrasonography
Imaging Features of Hepatobiliary Disease
Advanced Imaging Techniques
Image‐Guided Sampling
Further Reading
62 Metabolic, Toxic, and Neoplastic Diseases of the Liver
Metabolic Diseases
Toxic Diseases
Neoplasia
Further Reading
63 Feline Inflammatory Liver Disease
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
64 Canine Inflammatory Liver Disease
Chronic Hepatitis
Acute Hepatitis
Further Reading
65 Cirrhosis and its Consequences
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Monitoring
Prognosis
Conclusion
Further Reading
66 Portosystemic Shunts and Microvascular Dysplasia
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
67 Diseases of the Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Biliary Ducts
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
Section 8: Neurologic Disease
68 The Neurologic Examination
Anatomic Diagnosis
Examination
Further Reading
69 Central Nervous System Trauma
Spinal Trauma
Head Trauma
70 Seizures and Movement Disorders
Seizures
Movement Disorders
Further Reading
71 Disorders of the Forebrain
Anatomy/Function
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Degenerative and Developmental Causes
Anomalous Causes
Metabolic Causes
Neoplastic Causes
Nutritional Causes
Inflammatory/Idiopathic Causes
Vascular Causes
72 Vestibular Disease
Peripheral versus Central Disease
Etiology
Further Reading
73 Meningoencephalitis and Meningomyelitis
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
74 Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction
Myasthenia Gravis
Other Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission
Further Reading
75 Myopathies
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Resources
Further Reading
76 Myelopathy
History
Pathophysiology
Clinical Signs
Acute Spinal Cord Dysfunction
Diagnostic Approach
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Further Reading
77 Neuroophthalmology
Amaurosis
Optic Neuritis
Anisocoria
Internal and External Ophthalmoplegia
Trigeminal Nerve Deficit
Facial Nerve Paralysis
Horner's Syndrome
Cavernous Sinus Syndrome
Dysautonomia (Key–Gaskell or Dilated Pupil Syndrome)
Further Reading
Volume II
Preface
List of Contributors
About the Companion Website
Section 9: Infectious Disease
Part 1: Diagnostic Considerations
78 Epidemiology of Infectious Disease
Disease Monitoring and Surveillance
Outbreak Investigations
Step 6: Communicate Findings
Conclusion
Further Reading
79 Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
Protozoal and Arthropod‐Borne Infections
Viral Infections
Bacterial Infections
Fungal Infections
Further Reading
Part 2: Select Infectious Diseases and Disease Agents
80 Canine Distemper
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
81 Canine Herpesvirus
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
82 Canine Viral Enteritis
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Prevention
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
83 Viral Papillomatosis
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy and Prognosis
Prevention
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
84 Canine Influenza Virus
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
85 Feline Parvovirus
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Prevention
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
86 Feline Coronavirus
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Prevention
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
87 Feline Leukemia Virus
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Prevention and Control
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
88 Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Management
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
89 Feline Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Disease
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Prevention
Public Health Significance
Further Reading
90 Rabies in Dogs and Cats
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History
Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Prevention
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
91 West Nile Virus
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
92 Ebola Virus
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
93 Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
94 Salmon Poisoning Disease
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
95
Wolbachia pipientis
Infection
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
96 Bartonellosis
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
97 Hemotropic
Mycoplasma
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
98 Nonhemotropic
Mycoplasma
,
Ureaplasma
, and L‐Form Bacteria
Etiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
99 Spotted Fever and Typhus Group Rickettsia
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
100 Lyme Borreliosis
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Prevention
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
101 Leptospirosis
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Vaccination
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
102 Yersiniosis
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Prevention
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
103 Tularemia
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
104 Q Fever
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
105 Brucellosis
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Further Reading
106 Tetanus and Botulism
Tetanus
Botulism
Further Reading
107 Anthrax
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Public Health Implications
Prevention
Further Reading
108 Actinomycosis, Nocardiosis, and Mycobacterial Infections
Actinomycosis
Nocardiosis
Mycobacteriosis
Further Reading
109 Fungal Infections
General Features of Fungal Infections
Dermatophytosis
Malassezia
Infections
Blastomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Cryptococcosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Aspergillosis
Candidiasis
Sporotrichosis
Miscellaneous Fungus‐Like Infections (Pythiosis and Rhinosporidiosis)
Further Reading
110 Protozoal and Protozoa‐Like Infections
Toxoplasmosis
Neosporosis
Trypanosomiasis
Leishmaniosis
Hepatozoonosis
Feline Cytauxzoonosis
Babesiosis
Giardiasis
Miscellaneous Infections
Selected Reading and References
111 Coccidia
Cystoisospora
spp.
Cryptosporidium
spp.
Microspora
Further Reading
112 Surgical, Traumatic, and Bite Wound Infections
Surgical and Traumatic Wound Infections
Bite Wounds
Further Reading
113 Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy and Prevention
Prognosis
Public Health Implications
Conclusion
Further Reading
Part 3: Therapeutic Considerations
114 Antimicrobial Therapy in Dogs and Cats
Common Classes of Antimicrobials
Further Reading
115 Antifungal Therapy
Amphotericin B
Azoles
Echinocandins
Terbinafine
Further Reading
Part 4: Special Topics
116 Nosocomial and Multidrug‐Resistant Infections
Identification of Hospital‐Associated Infections
Common Presentations and Risk Factors for HAIs
Pathogens of Concern
Management
Conclusion
Further Reading
117 Management of Infectious Disease in Kennels and Multicat Environments: Creating a Culture of Compliance
Risks
Modes of Transmission
Prevention
Vaccination
Cleaning and Disinfection
Managing Outbreaks
Culture of Compliance
Protection from Zoonotic Pathogens
Conclusion
Further Reading
Section 10: Renal and Genitourinary Disease
118 Disorders of Sodium and Water Homeostasis
Water Balance Made Easy
Sodium and Water Disturbances: A Little Physiology Goes a Long Way
Osmoregulation and Volume Regulation
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Conclusion
Further Reading
119 Disorders of Phosphorus and Magnesium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Further Reading
120 Acute Kidney Injury
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
121 Glomerular Disease
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
122 Obstructive Uropathy
Urethral Obstruction
Ureteral Obstruction
Further Reading
123 Urolithiasis in Small Animals
Overview
History and Physical Examination
Patient Signalment Related to Specific Stone Types
Urolith Diagnosis
Medical Management of Lower Urinary Tract Stones
Removal of Lower Urinary Tract Uroliths
Removal of Upper Urinary Tract Uroliths
Further Reading
124 Prostatic Diseases
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatic Cysts
Paraprostatic Cysts
Prostatitis and Prostatic Abscesses
Squamous Metaplasia of Prostatic Epithelial Cells
Further Reading
125 Management of Chronic Kidney Disease
Disease Staging
Medical Management of Chronic Kidney Disease
Monitoring CKD Patients
Prognosis
Further Reading
126 The Role of Dialysis
Dialysis Modalities
Dialysis for Acute Kidney Injury
Fluid Overload/Oliguria/Anuria
Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Disease
Alternative Indications for Dialysis: Acute Intoxications and Therapeutic Plasma Exchange
Availability of Dialysis and Prognosis for Dialysis Patients
Further Reading
127 Micturition and Associated Disorders
Physiology of Micturition
Disorders of Storage
Disorders of Emptying
Further Reading
128 Urinary Tract Infections
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology/Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Classification of Urinary Tract Infections
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
Section 11: Oncologic Disease
129 Approach to the Cancer Patient
Initial Assessment
Diagnostics
Therapy
End‐of‐Life Management
Further Reading
130 Biology of Cancer and Cancer Genetics
Enabling Replicative Immortality
Evading Growth Suppressors
Resisting Cell Death
Genome Instability and Mutation
Tumor Promoting Inflammation
Avoiding Immune Destruction
Inducing Angiogenesis
Sustaining Proliferative Signaling
Deregulating Cellular Energetics
Activating Invasion and Metastasis
Conclusion
Further Reading
131 Endocrine Manifestations of Cancer: Ectopic Hormone Production
Cushing Syndrome
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
Erythrocytosis
Zollinger–Ellison Syndrome
Further Reading
132 Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Hypercalcemia
Hypoglycemia
Anemia/Thrombocytopenia
Hypertrophic Osteopathy
Myasthenia Gravis
Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis
Paraneoplastic Alopecia
Conclusion
Further Reading
133 Lymphoid Leukemias, Myeloid Neoplasia, and Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Lymphoid Leukemias
Myeloid Neoplasia
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Further Reading
134 Lymphomas
Canine Lymphoma
Feline Lymphoma
Conclusion
Further Reading
135 Plasma Cell Disorders
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
136 Central Nervous System Tumors in Dogs and Cats
Etiology/Epidemiology/Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment/Prognosis
Further Reading
137 Cancer of the Nose and Mouth
Oral Tumors
Nasal Tumors
Cancer of the Pharynx
Further Reading
138 Tumors of the Eye and Ocular Adnexa
Tumors of the Ocular Adnexa
Intraocular Tumors
Tumors of the Orbit and Optic Nerve
Further Reading
139 Cancer of the Heart
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
140 Cancer of the Airway and Lung
Cancer of the Airway
Cancer of the Lung
Further Reading
141 Cancer of the Esophagus and Stomach
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
142 Cancer of the Small and Large Intestine
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
143 Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
144 Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors
Insulinoma
Glucagonoma
Gastrinoma
Further Reading
145 Liver and Biliary Tract Tumors
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy and Prognosis
Further Reading
146 Tumors of the Urinary Tract
Tumors of the Urinary Bladder
Urethral Tumors
Renal Tumors
Further Reading
147 Tumors of the Male Reproductive System
Testicular Tumors
Prostate Tumors
Penis, Prepuce, and Scrotum Tumors
Transmissible Venereal Tumor
Further Reading
148 Gynecologic Cancers
Uterine Tumors
Vaginal Tumors
Ovarian Tumors
Further Reading
149 Mammary Cancer
Canine Mammary Cancer
Feline Mammary Cancer
Further Reading
150 Tumors of Bone and Joint
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
151 Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
152 Hemangiosarcoma
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Staging System
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
153 Melanoma
Etiology/Pathophysiology/Epidemiology
Signalment
Diagnosis/Pathology/Molecular Biology
Staging
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
154 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
155 Mast Cell Neoplasia
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Canine Mast Cell Neoplasia
Feline Mast Cell Tumors
Further Reading
156 Apheresis in Companion Animals
Cell Separator Machines
Physician‐Based Applications of Apheresis
Companion Animal Apheresis
Conclusion
Further Reading
Section 12: Skin and Ear Diseases
157 Approach to the Patient with Dermatologic Disease
History
Physical Examination
Dermatologic Diagnostic Tests and Techniques
Therapeutic Plan and Client Education
Further Reading
158 Principles of Therapy of Dermatologic Diseases
Topical Therapy
Systemic Therapy
Categories and Indications of Topical and Systemic Therapy
Further Reading
159 Atopic Dermatitis
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Conclusion
Further Reading
160 Allergic Skin Diseases
Urticaria and Angioedema
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Flea Allergy Dermatitis
Further Reading
161 Cutaneous Adverse Food Reactions
Etiology/Pathophysiology
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
162 Autoimmune and Immune‐Mediated Skin Diseases
Canine Familial Dermatomyositis
Erythema Multiforme
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus
Autoimmune Subepidermal Blistering Diseases
Pemphigus Complex
Uveodermatologic Syndrome
Further Reading
163 Approach to Alopecia
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
164 Canine Sterile Papular and Nodular Skin Diseases
Canine Histiocytic Disorders
Sterile Nodular Panniculitis
Sterile Granuloma/Pyogranuloma Syndrome
Juvenile Cellulitis
Further Reading
165 Parasitic Skin Diseases
Demodicosis
Scabies
Cheyletiellosis
Lynxacarus radovsky
Dermanyssus gallinae
Pediculosis
Trombiculosis
Ticks
Further Reading
166 Bacterial Pyodermas
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Pyoderma Classifications and Presentations
Methicillin‐Resistant and Multidrug‐Resistant Staphylococci
Treatment of Pyodermas
Further Reading
167 Otitis
Otitis Externa
Otitis Media
Further Reading
168 Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Disease
Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders Causing Cutaneous Manifestations
Systemic Infectious Disease Causing Cutaneous Manifestations
Nutritional Disorders Causing Cutaneous Manifestations
Immune‐Mediated Systemic Diseases Causing Cutaneous Manifestations
Neurologic Disorders Causing Cutaneous Manifestations
Neoplastic and Paraneoplastic Disorders Affecting the Skin
Further Reading
169 Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Signalment
Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
170 Miscellaneous Skin Diseases
Sebaceous Adenitis
Eosinophilic Dermatitis
Sterile Neutrophilic Dermatosis
Ichthyosis
Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex
Symmetric Lupoid Onychitis (Symmetric Lupoid Onychodystrophy)
Further Reading
Section 13: Diseases of Bone and Joint
171 Skeletal Development and Homeostasis
Skeletal Development and Growth
Bone Morphology
Bone Physiology
Bone Pathophysiology
Complications with Fracture Healing – Delayed Union, Malunion, and Nonunion
Further Reading
172 Metabolic Bone Diseases
Calcium and Phosphorus Physiology
Fibrous Osteodystrophy
Rickets and Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis
Further Reading
173 Osteoarthritis in Small Animals
Etiology/Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Signalment
History and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further Reading
174 Developmental Orthopedic Diseases
Developmental Orthopedic Diseases Affecting Joints
Developmental Orthopedic Diseases Affecting Bone
Further Reading
Section 14: Social and Ethical Issues in Veterinary Medicine
175 Canine and Feline End of Life Care
Veterinary Palliative Medicine and Hospice Care
Evaluating and Maintaining Quality of Life in End of Life Care
Pets Should Not Suffer to Death
The Four Foundational Principles of Clinical Bioethics
Bioethical Principles and The Life‐Limited Pet
End of Life Care and The Human–Animal Bond
Conclusion
Further Reading
Section 15: Preventive Care
176 Role of Immunization
Antigen Delivery Systems
Vaccine Failures
Conclusion
Further Reading
Vaccine Recommendations
177 Behavior Triage for Internists and the General Practitioner
Behavioral Presentations
Behavioral Triage
Referrals
Safety and Avoidance: Short‐Term Recommendations
Managing Client Expectations
Conclusion
Further Reading
Websites
Section 16: Laboratory Support
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 2
Table 2.1 Commonly used parametric and equivalent nonparametric statistical t...
Chapter 5
Table 5.1 Hypothalamic‐pituitary hormones and their primary functions
Chapter 7
Table 7.1 Diagnostic tests to evaluate patients with suspected PDH
Table 7.2 Diagnostic tests that differentiate between PDH and ADH
Chapter 8
Table 8.1 Currently available DDAVP preparations and common dosages
Chapter 10
Table 10.1 Advantages/disadvantages of options for managing cats with hyperth...
Chapter 12
Table 12.1 Effects of insulin and counterregulatory hormones on carbohydrate ...
Table 12.2 Insulin types used in companion animal medicine and their characte...
Chapter 15
Table 15.1 Classification of murmur intensity
Table 15.2 Simplified table for presumptive diagnosis of murmur origin in com...
Chapter 16
Table 16.1 Main noncardiac‐related factors able to induce cardiac silhouette ...
Table 16.2 Examples of vertebral heart score (VHS) values assessed on lateral...
Table 16.3 Generalized or localized heart enlargement on thoracic radiographs...
Table 16.4 Standard echocardiographic and pulsed‐wave Doppler data obtained f...
Table 16.5 Standard echocardiographic and pulsed‐wave Doppler echocardiograph...
Chapter 17
Table 17.1 The positive and negative terminals of the six limb leads
Table 17.2 Electrode position for ECG recording in dogs and cats
Table 17.3 Normal ECG amplitudes and durations in the dog and cat
Table 17.4 ECG criteria for heart enlargement in the dog and cat
Chapter 19
Table 19.1 Commonly used drugs for the treatment of chronic heart failure
Table 19.2 Commonly used drugs for the treatment of acute heart failure
Chapter 20
Table 20.1 Typical medication doses
Chapter 21
Table 21.1 Differential diagnosis of supraventricular arrhythmias
Table 21.2 Drug dosages and indications
Chapter 22
Table 22.1 Evidence of target organ damage. Clinical signs of target organ da...
Chapter 24
Table 24.1 Breed predilection of common congenital heart defects in the dog
Table 24.2 An auscultation rubric, the six Ss, for evaluation of a left basil...
Chapter 25
Table 25.1 Classification system for dogs affected by myxomatous mitral valve...
Chapter 26
Table 26.1 Echocardiographic parameters in normal dogs and breed‐specific cri...
Table 26.2 Doses of commonly used cardiac medications in dogs (see text for i...
Chapter 29
Table 29.1 Common diseases affecting the upper airway
Table 29.2 Areas evaluated during tFAST
3
and VetBLUE examination
Table 29.3 Common etiologies based on thoracic radiographic patterns of distr...
Chapter 32
Table 32.1 Recognized risk factors for PTE disease processes with a known ass...
Chapter 34
Table 34.1 Starling Law applied to pleural membrane
Table 34.2 Causes of pleural effusion in dogs and cats
Table 34.3 Classification of effusions in dogs and cats
Table 34.4 Pyothorax bacterial isolates
Chapter 38
Table 38.1 Blood gas analysis reference intervals
Chapter 39
Table 39.1 Approximate flow rates of 100% oxygen via nasal cannulae required ...
Chapter 41
Table 41.1 Dosages of commonly used opioid analgesics in the patient with sho...
Chapter 43
Table 43.1 SIRS criteria for dogs and cats
Chapter 48
Table 48.1 Common imaging findings assessed using ultrasound, contrast radiog...
Table 48.2 Useful guidelines for evaluating the normal small intestinal diame...
Chapter 49
Table 49.1 Terminology used for the description of endoscopically visualizabl...
Chapter 50
Table 50.1 Nomenclature of oral and oropharyngeal inflammation according to t...
Chapter 51
Table 51.1 Causes of gastritis in dogs and cats
Table 51.2 Causes of gastric ulceration in dogs and cats
Table 51.3 Commonly used medications for canine and feline gastritis
Chapter 53
Table 53.1 Methods to assess gastric emptying in small animals and their diag...
Table 53.2 Mechanism and site of action, dosages and important clinical infor...
Table 53.3 Treatments for chronic idiopathic large bowel disease (CILBD)
Chapter 54
Table 54.1 Treatment options for dogs and cats with exocrine pancreative insu...
Chapter 55
Table 55.1 Classification of clinical signs into severity categories
Table 55.2 Summary of sensitivity and specificity for various laboratory test...
Chapter 56
Table 56.1 Historical and clinical findings in cats with confirmed pancreatic...
Table 56.2 Medications commonly used in the management of severe pancreatitis...
Chapter 57
Table 57.1 Drugs commonly used in the management of rectoanal disease in the ...
Chapter 59
Table 59.1 Differentiation of small intestinal and large intestinal diarrhea ...
Chapter 60
Table 60.1 Typical examples of use of pattern recognition in clinical patholo...
Chapter 63
Table 63.1 Antibacterial agents used in the management of feline hepatobiliar...
Table 63.2 Supportive therapies used in the management of feline hepatobiliar...
Chapter 64
Table 64.1 Age and gender data for breeds with an increased risk for developi...
Chapter 66
Table 66.1 Clinical and diagnostic features of different conditions causing b...
Chapter 69
Table 69.1 Analgesic drugs suggested for use in patients with spinal cord inj...
Table 69.2 Advantages and disadvantages of different stabilization techniques
Table 69.3 Monitoring parameters for the cat and dog following head trauma
Table 69.4 Modified Glasgow Coma Scale
Chapter 70
Table 70.1 Summary of antiepileptic drug therapy in the dog
Chapter 71
Table 71.1 Clinical signs of forebrain disease
Chapter 73
Table 73.1 Infectious agents causing meningoencephalomyelitis in small animal...
Table 73.2 Presumed noninfectious inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) c...
Table 73.3 Antimicrobial medications for meningoencephalitis and meningomyeli...
Table 73.4 Antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive medications for meningoence...
Chapter 76
Table 76.1 Differential diagnosis for acute‐onset myelopathy
Table 76.2 Differential diagnosis for chronic myelopathy
Table 76.3 Neurologic signs associated with spinal cord regions
Chapter 79
Table 79.1 Advantages and disadvantages of common diagnostic methods for the ...
Table 79.2 Collection, processing, and transport recommendations for differen...
Chapter 82
Table 82.1 Comparison of CPV‐2 and other canine enteric viruses
Chapter 83
Table 83.1 Papillomavirus‐associated disease in domestic dogs and cats
Chapter 93
Table 93.1 Species of
Ehrlichia
and
Anaplasma
of importance to dogs and cats
Table 93.2 Main features of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in dogs
Table 93.3 Features of diagnostic assays available for ehrlichiosis and anapl...
Chapter 96
Table 96.1 Species of
Bartonella
detected in dogs, cats, and other hosts
Table 96.2 Average bacteremia level found in immunocompetent cats, dogs, and ...
Chapter 97
Table 97.1 Hemoplasma species, their prevalence and pathogenicity
Chapter 98
Table 98.1 Nonhemotropic mycoplasmas frequently isolated from domestic dogs a...
Chapter 107
Table 107.1 Anthrax severity in potentially affected species
Table 107.2
In vitro
antimicrobial susceptibility of
B. anthracis
Chapter 108
Table 108.1 Antimicrobials used to treat
Actinomyces
and
Nocardia
infections
Table 108.2 Mycobacteria spp. and their manifestations in dogs and cats
Table 108.3 Antimicrobials used to treat mycobacterial infections
Chapter 111
Table 111.1 Enteric coccidia of the dog and cat
Table 111.2 Treatment of enteric coccidiosis in dogs and cats
Chapter 114
Table 114.1 Classes of antimicrobials used in small animal veterinary medicin...
Table 114.2 Clinically important side‐effects and drug–drug interactions asso...
Chapter 115
Table 115.1 Summary of azole antifungal drugs, including formulation, indicat...
Chapter 118
Table 118.1 Categories of hyponatremia
Table 118.2 Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion summary
Table 118.3 Causes of hypernatremia
Chapter 120
Table 120.1 List of etiologies for canine and feline acute kidney injury
Table 120.2 Veterinary Acute Kidney Injury (VAKI) staging scheme for dogs
Table 120.3 International Renal Interest Society grading scheme for acute kid...
Table 120.4 Indications, doses, adverse effects, and comments for drugs frequ...
Chapter 121
Table 121.1 Select breeds of dogs with familial glomerulopathies
Table 121.2 International Renal Interest Society substaging by arterial blood...
Chapter 122
Table 122.1 Emergency dosing for severe hyperkalemia. All medications given i...
Chapter 123
Table 123.1 Summary of the signalment of cats and dogs with each type of ston...
Table 123.2 Urolith composition for feline and canine samples submitted to th...
Table 123.3 Compound urolith recurrence prevention strategies. The strategy f...
Table 123.4 Considerations for various interventional procedures in patients ...
Table 123.5 Immediate, short‐term, and long‐term complications of various min...
Chapter 124
Table 124.1 Procedures for collecting cytologic samples from the prostate
Table 124.2 Antibiotics used for bacterial prostatitis
Chapter 125
Table 125.1 IRIS chronic kidney disease stages in cats and dogs
Table 125.2 Classification of proteinuria in cats and dogs
Table 125.3 Classification of blood pressure in cats and dogs
Table 125.4 Recommended serum phosphorus concentrations at each IRIS stage
Chapter 127
Table 127.1 Commonly used medical therapies for urethral sphincter mechanism ...
Chapter 128
Table 128.1 Commensal bacterial genera in the urogenital tract of dogs
Table 128.2 Quantitative urine cultures in dogs and cats
a
Chapter 133
Table 133.1 Recommended immunophenotyping markers to differentiate animal leu...
Chapter 134
Table 134.1 World Heath Organization clinical staging scheme for lymphoma in ...
Table 134.2 UW‐Madison short CHOP lymphoma protocol
Table 134.3 Modified COP protocol for treatment of feline lymphoma
Chapter 135
Table 135.1 Frequency of abnormal diagnostic test results in dogs and cats wi...
Chapter 136
Table 136.1 Summary of outcomes of dog and cats with brain neoplasia
Chapter 137
Table 137.1 WHO staging system for oral tumors
Table 137.2 Adams 2009 modified staging system for canine nasal tumors
Chapter 140
Table 140.1 Prognostic factors and associated median survival times for dogs ...
Chapter 149
Table 149.1 Canine mammary tumor staging. Modified World Health Organization ...
Table 149.2 Feline mammary tumor staging. Modified World Health Organization ...
Chapter 150
Table 150.1 Treatment options for canine appendicular osteosarcoma
Chapter 152
Table 152.1 Modified World Health Organization TNM staging system
Table 152.2 Chemotherapeutics commonly used for the treatment of hemangiosarc...
Chapter 155
Table 155.1 CVP combination protocol as initially noted in Rassnick
et al
.
Table 155.2 Alternating lomustine and vinblastine protocol as initially noted...
Chapter 157
Table 157.1 Common skin diseases in various breeds
Table 157.2 Terminology used to describe lesion morphology
Table 157.3 Regional predilections of skin diseases
Chapter 160
Table 160.1 Possible factors for triggering urticaria and angioedema in dogs ...
Chapter 161
Table 161.1 Ingredients reported to cause adverse food reaction (AFR) in dogs...
Chapter 162
Table 162.1 Immunosuppressive drug therapy
Chapter 163
Table 163.1 Differential diagnoses for inflammation‐induced alopecia
Table 163.2 Common breeds associated with noninflammatory alopecic syndromes ...
Table 163.3 Treatment options for select inflammation‐induced alopecic condit...
Chapter 167
Table 167.1 Secondary causes in otitis externa
Table 167.2 Cytologic findings and interpretation
Table 167.3 Selection of ear cleaner based on the type of discharge present
Table 167.4 Topical antibiotic therapy for use in otitis externa and media
Table 167.5 Systemic glucocorticoid therapy for use in otitis externa and med...
Table 167.6 Systemic antibiotic therapy for use in otitis media
Chapter 171
Table 171.1 Epiphyseal growth center appearance and growth plate fusion of se...
Chapter 174
Table 174.1 Breed predispositions for selected developmental orthopedic disea...
Table 174.2 Manifestations of osteochondrosis
Chapter 175
Table 175.1 Villalobos Quality of Life (HHHHHMM) Scale
List of Illustrations
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 Histogram showing a hypothetical asymmetric data distribution. Th...
Figure 2.2 Box and whiskers plot for data shown in Figure 2.1. Lower and upp...
Figure 2.3 Scatterplots showing before and after measurements taken on five ...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 Rate of cure illustrated in a Kaplan–Meier plot.
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 Fluctuations in levels of cortisol and T4 in a healthy dog during...
Figure 4.2 Low‐dose dexamethasone (Dex) suppression patterns in dogs. Admini...
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 Schematic representation of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. ...
Figure 5.2 Schematic representation of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and produc...
Figure 5.3 Typical feedback control of hormone secretion in the neuroendocri...
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 A 13‐year‐old male neutered domestic shorthair presented for acu...
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1 Diabetic cataracts in a dog. (a) An 11‐year‐old cross‐bred dog p...
Figure 12.2 Cat with plantigrade stance.
Chapter 15
Figure 15.1 Principal areas of cardiac auscultation in dogs. The valve relat...
Chapter 16
Figure 16.1 Lateral thoracic radiograph of an obese dog. The cardiac silhoue...
Figure 16.2 Lateral thoracic radiographs of two normal dogs from different b...
Figure 16.3 Lateral thoracic radiographs of two normal cats, one young adult...
Figure 16.4 Lateral thoracic radiograph of a normal dog showing the approxim...
Figure 16.5 Calculation of the vertebral heart score (VHS) from a thoracic l...
Figure 16.6 Clock face analogy (a) applied to the canine cardiac silhouette ...
Figure 16.7 Thoracic radiographs of three different dogs with compensated (a...
Figure 16.8 Thoracic radiographs of two dogs with patent ductus arteriosus (...
Figure 16.9 Thoracic radiographs of a cat with left‐sided congestive heart f...
Figure 16.10 Thoracic radiographs of a Doberman with acute left‐sided conges...
Figure 16.11 Thoracic radiographs of two dogs with marked right heart enlarg...
Figure 16.12 Lateral (a) and ventrodorsal (b) thoracic radiographs of a dog ...
Figure 16.13 Two‐dimensional right parasternal transventricular short‐axis v...
Figure 16.14 Two‐dimensional right parasternal transmitral short‐axis view. ...
Figure 16.15 Two‐dimensional right parasternal transaortic short‐axis view i...
Figure 16.16 Two‐dimensional right parasternal long‐axis four‐chamber view i...
Figure 16.17 Two‐dimensional right parasternal long‐axis five‐chamber view i...
Figure 16.18 Two‐dimensional left apical (or caudal) four‐ and five‐chamber ...
Figure 16.19 M‐mode echocardiograms obtained from two normal dogs at the ven...
Figure 16.20 Abnormal M‐mode echocardiograms obtained from three cats with h...
Figure 16.21 Doppler evaluation of systolic pulmonary flow in normal dogs us...
Figure 16.22 Doppler evaluation of systolic aortic flow in normal dogs using...
Figure 16.23 Doppler evaluation of diastolic mitral (a–c,e) and tricuspid (d...
Figure 16.24 Aliasing artifact associated with the pulsed‐wave Doppler mode....
Figure 16.25 Use of pulmonary regurgitation for the diagnosis of diastolic p...
Figure 16.26 Examples of abnormal pulmonary flow patterns assessed by pulsed...
Figure 16.27 Examples of abnormal aortic flow patterns associated with subao...
Figure 16.28 Evaluation of aortic insufficiency severity using color‐coded M...
Figure 16.29 Examples of abnormal diastolic transmitral inflows obtained fro...
Figure 16.30 Semi‐quantitative assessment of mitral insufficiency using the ...
Figure 16.31 Assessment of left‐to‐right congenital shunts in dogs using Dop...
Figure 16.32 Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and TDI‐derived techniques. Using ...
Figure 16.33 Longitudinal myocardial deformation (strain) assessed by speckl...
Chapter 17
Figure 17.1 The standardized positions of the electrodes on the body are def...
Figure 17.2 The augmented (unipolar) limb leads use the same electrodes as l...
Figure 17.3 Major deflections and intervals of the ECG (lead II). See text f...
Figure 17.4 Calibration of ECG paper speed and sensitivity. See text for det...
Figure 17.5 Calculation of instantaneous heart rate between two beats is use...
Figure 17.6 Calculation of average heart rate, used when rhythm is irregular...
Figure 17.7 The hexaxial or six‐lead ECG system divides the frontal plane in...
Figure 17.8 Calculation of the MEA is performed by first examining the polar...
Figure 17.9 Calculation of the mean electrical axis using the “pie method.” ...
Figure 17.10 Six‐lead ECG example of a right axis shift and right bundle bra...
Figure 17.11 Atrial enlargement is manifest as a P‐wave of increased amplitu...
Figure 17.12 ECG example of a left bundle branch block in a rottweiler with ...
Chapter 18
Figure 18.1 A family of Frank–Starling curves highlighting the progression t...
Chapter 20
Figure 20.1 ECG and Holter tracings from a boxer dog acquired during a scree...
Figure 20.2 Lead II ECG from a dog with single monomorphic ventricular prema...
Figure 20.3 Lead II ECG from a cat with a monomorphic ventricular tachycardi...
Figure 20.4 ECG strip from a dog in ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular fi...
Figure 20.5 Three‐lead ECG from a Doberman pinscher with polymorphic ventric...
Figure 20.6 Six‐lead ECG from a dog with an accelerated idioventricular rhyt...
Chapter 21
Figure 21.1 Supraventricular structures include the sinus node, the atrial m...
Figure 21.2 ECG of a healthy dog illustrating respiratory sinus arrhythmia w...
Figure 21.3 Six‐lead ECG of a dog with sick sinus syndrome. After the first ...
Figure 21.4 Permanent transvenous pacemaker in a dog with third‐degree atrio...
Figure 21.5 ECG strips of a dog with hyperkalemia. As serum potassium increa...
Figure 21.6 ECG strips of dogs with atrioventricular block. (a) First‐degree...
Figure 21.7 Six‐lead ECG of a dog with atrial fibrillation (speed: 50 mm/s)....
Figure 21.8 Ventricular preexcitation. (a) When a dog has an accessory pathw...
Chapter 23
Figure 23.1 Pulmonary hypertension classification (see text for details). CO...
Figure 23.2 Thoracic radiographs from a dog with severe pulmonary hypertensi...
Figure 23.3 Electrocardiogram from a dog with severe pulmonary hypertension ...
Figure 23.4 Tricuspid regurgitation in a dog with severe pulmonary hypertens...
Figure 23.5 Pulmonic insufficiency in a dog with severe pulmonary hypertensi...
Figure 23.6 Septal flattening in a dog with severe pulmonary hypertension se...
Chapter 24
Figure 24.1 Gross postmortem specimens of common congenital heart defects. (...
Figure 24.2 Example ECG traces from two dogs with congenital heart disease, ...
Figure 24.3 Compilation of thoracic radiographs from two dogs and a cat with...
Figure 24.4 Representative two‐dimensional echocardiographic images of commo...
Figure 24.5 Lateral nonselective digitally subtracted angiogram of a right‐t...
Figure 24.6 Selective right ventriculogram from a 6‐month‐old English bulldo...
Figure 24.7 Three‐dimensional reconstruction of a computed tomographic angio...
Figure 24.8 Fluoroscopic images obtained during transcatheter occlusion of P...
Chapter 25
Figure 25.1 Echocardiographic right parasternal long axis view of the left a...
Figure 25.2 Survival curves for dogs with different stages of heart failure ...
Figure 25.3 Echocardiographic long axis image of the aortic valve. A hyperch...
Chapter 26
Figure 26.1 Lead II ECG, 12.5 mm/s, 5 mm/mV. VPCs in a Doberman pinscher wit...
Figure 26.2 Lead II ECG, 25 mm/s, 5 mm/mV. Atrial fibrillation in a Golden r...
Figure 26.3 Lateral (a) and VD (b) thoracic radiographs in a Doberman with D...
Figure 26.4 Two‐dimensional echocardiographic images (right parasternal long...
Figure 26.5 Nine‐lead ECG, 25 mm/s, 5 mm/mV. Right ventricular VPCs (left bu...
Chapter 27
Figure 27.1 Myocardial disease phenotypes. There is overlap in the cardiac c...
Figure 27.2 Initial approach to the cat with tachypnea and suspected heart d...
Figure 27.3 Initial approach to the cat with suspected subclinical heart dis...
Chapter 28
Figure 28.1 Lateral and dorsoventral thoracic radiographs in three dogs with...
Figure 28.2 Transthoracic echocardiographic images of the left ventricle (LV...
Figure 28.3 Transthoracic echocardiographic images from dogs with cardiac tu...
Figure 28.4 Echocardiographic images obtained from a right parasternal long‐...
Figure 28.5 Electrocardiogram recordings from dogs with pericardial effusion...
Figure 28.6 Pericardiocentesis in a dog. This dog had a history of biting an...
Chapter 31
Figure 31.1 Thoracic radiographs with a diffuse bronchial pattern evidenced ...
Figure 31.2 Computed tomography slice of the thorax showing a “ground‐glass”...
Figure 31.3 Photomicroscopy from a patient diagnosed with chronic bronchitis...
Figure 31.4 Equipment set‐up for a modified technique to perform bronchoalve...
Chapter 32
Figure 32.1 A possible diagnostic algorithm for the investigation of small a...
Figure 32.2 A lateral thoracic radiograph from a dog with pulmonary thromboe...
Figure 32.3 Tissue factor‐activated thromboelastography tracings from a pati...
Figure 32.4 Long‐axis four‐chamber echocardiographic view showing a pendulou...
Figure 32.5 A transverse CT angiographic image of the heart and main pulmona...
Chapter 34
Figure 34.1 Normal pleura visualized via thoracoscopy.
Figure 34.2 (a,b) Thoracoscopic biopsy in a dog with mesothelioma.
Figure 34.3 Pyothorax cytology. Pyothorax in a dog with a predominance of ma...
Figure 34.4 Chylothorax cytology. Chylothorax in a cat consisting of a mixtu...
Chapter 39
Figure 39.1 Ventilation–perfusion mismatching. Partial pressure values are i...
Chapter 48
Figure 48.1 Left lateral (a) and ventrodorsal (b) radiographs of the thorax ...
Figure 48.2 Dorsally reconstructed CT enterography image (a) and correspondi...
Figure 48.3 Severe generalized dilation of the esophagus with fluid and gas ...
Figure 48.4 Moderate generalized dilation of the esophagus with gas in a dog...
Figure 48.5 Dorsoventral (a) and right lateral (b) radiographs of the thorax...
Figure 48.6 Esophageal perforation with secondary mediastinitis and pleuriti...
Figure 48.7 Esophageal foreign body. In the cranial cervical esophagus on a ...
Figure 48.8 Neoplasia of the caudal esophagus. In the caudal mediastinum, a ...
Figure 48.9 Sliding hiatal hernia (type 1 hiatal hernia) in a dog, which pre...
Figure 48.10 The movement of gastric content is dependent on the patient pos...
Figure 48.11 Normal gastrointestinal ultrasound images. Longitudinal ultraso...
Figure 48.12 Gastric dilation. Ventrodorsal (a), left lateral (b), and right...
Figure 48.13 Gastric dilation volvulus. Right lateral (a) and VD (b) radiogr...
Figure 48.14 Gastric pneumatosis in a Doberman with gastric dilation volvulu...
Figure 48.15 Ventrodorsal and left lateral radiographs of the abdomen of a v...
Figure 48.16 Longitudinal ultrasound image of the stomach of a dog with a hi...
Figure 48.17 Multiple gastric foreign bodies are noted in the ventrodorsal a...
Figure 48.18 Longitudinal ultrasound image of a thin, hyperechoic, linear fo...
Figure 48.19 Eosinophilic gastritis in a cat. Lateral radiograph (a) of the ...
Figure 48.20 Longitudinal ultrasound image of the stomach of a cat. A large,...
Figure 48.21 Longitudinal ultrasound image of the descending duodenum. The m...
Figure 48.22 Upper gastrointestinal contrast radiographic study of a cat. St...
Figure 48.23 Focal calcified peritoneal body (“Bates body”). Dorsoventral an...
Figure 48.24 Small intestinal mechanical ileus. Lateral and VD radiographs o...
Figure 48.25 Linear foreign body. Ventrodorsal and lateral radiographs of th...
Figure 48.26 Linear foreign body with perforation. Ventrodorsal (a) and late...
Figure 48.27 Jejunojejunal intussusception. Lateral (a) and ventrodorsal (b)...
Figure 48.28 Intestinal lymphoma. Lateral radiograph (a) of the abdomen of a...
Figure 48.29 Longitudinal ultrasound images demonstrating severely corrugate...
Figure 48.30 Virtual colonoscopy. Three‐dimensional reconstruction virtual c...
Figure 48.31 Cecal perforation secondary to typhlitis. Right lateral (a) and...
Figure 48.32 Lymphoma of the colon wall in a cat. Transverse (a) and longitu...
Figure 48.33 Megacolon in an obstipated cat. Right lateral (a) and ventrodor...
Figure 48.34 Lumbosacral malformation in a Manx cat with secondary megacolon...
Figure 48.35 Severe megacolon in a Manx cat. Ventrodorsal (a) and lateral (b...
Figure 48.36 Stone in colon. Ventrodorsal (a) and left lateral (b) radiograp...
Figure 48.37 Severe sublumbar lymphadenopathy secondary to prostate neoplasi...
Figure 48.38 Colonocolic intussusception. On survey radiographs (a), a soft ...
Figure 48.39 Cecocolic intussusception (cecal inversion) in a dog. Ventrodor...
Figure 48.40 Colon torsion. Left lateral (a), right lateral (b), and ventrod...
Chapter 49
Figure 49.1 A typical flexible videoendoscopy “tower” as used for most gastr...
Figure 49.2 Control cluster of a typical flexible videoendoscope, in this ca...
Figure 49.3 Maximal upwards flexion of a flexible videoendoscope, necessary ...
Figure 49.4 Attachment of a specialized manifold in place of the air/water a...
Figure 49.5 Clean and dry flexible endoscopes stored in a dedicated storage ...
Figure 49.6 Increased friability and iatrogenic mucosal compromise of the sm...
Figure 49.7 Increased mucosal granularity in the small intestine. The endosc...
Figure 49.8 Erosions in the gastric mucosa. In the lower left of image (a), ...
Figure 49.9 Diffuse lymphatic drainage abnormality in a dog with marked prot...
Figure 49.10 Luminal mass effect, a benign rectal polyp in a dog. The mucosa...
Figure 49.11 Esophagitis, likely due to recurrent gastroesophageal reflux, i...
Figure 49.12 Severe ulceration on the wall of the gastric lesser curvature i...
Figure 49.13 View of a normal descending duodenum from just distal to the py...
Figure 49.14 Normal villi in the distal descending duodenum. This is the sam...
Figure 49.15 Severe lymphangiectasia in the very cranial aspect of the jejun...
Figure 49.16 Colonic view of the normal ileocolic junction in a dog. The ile...
Figure 49.17 A large, severely ulcerated mass lesion in the descending colon...
Figure 49.18 A hemispherical jaw biopsy instrument exits the distal end of a...
Figure 49.19 A selection of manipulating and retrieval instruments, which ma...
Figure 49.20 Composite image showing relative size and internal structure of...
Figure 49.21 Composite image showing several captures from a capsule endosco...
Chapter 50
Figure 50.1 (a) Photograph of a 15‐year‐old Pomeranian, showing severe calcu...
Figure 50.2 (a) Photograph of a 2‐year‐old Abyssinian, showing severe gingiv...
Figure 50.3 Photograph of a pyogenic granuloma in a 5‐year‐old domestic shor...
Figure 50.4 Photographs of multiple patients showing varying presentations o...
Figure 50.5 Photograph (a) and transverse computed tomographic image in soft...
Figure 50.6 Photographs of eosinophilic granuloma involving the dorsal tongu...
Figure 50.7 Photographs of a 6‐month‐old mixed breed with erythema multiform...
Figure 50.8 Photographs of a 1‐month‐old domestic shorthair with electric bu...
Chapter 53
Figure 53.1 (a) Physiologic swallow pressure topography of a healthy dog ext...
Chapter 54
Figure 54.1 This dog presented with significant weight loss due to EPI. The ...
Figure 54.2 The feces from the dog in Picture 1. The feces are large in volu...
Chapter 55
Figure 55.1 (a) Ultrasound image of pancreas with large fluid‐filled lesion ...
Figure 55.2 Abdominal radiographs of a dog with free fluid (lateral (a) and ...
Figure 55.3 VD radiograph of a dog with acute pancreatitis. The descending d...
Figure 55.4 (a) Ultrasound image of enlarged hypoechoic right pancreatic lim...
Figure 55.5 A diagnostic algorithm for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis i...
Chapter 57
Figure 57.1 Type II atresia ani in an 8‐week‐old mixed‐breed puppy. Note the...
Figure 57.2 Intraoperative view of a severely distended and atonic colon in ...
Figure 57.3 Composite images of the perineum of an 8‐year‐old spayed female ...
Figure 57.4 Endoscopic view of a benign rectal polyp in a dog. A large, semi...
Figure 57.5 Rectal prolapse in a puppy with a history of diarrhea. Note the ...
Figure 57.6 Early intraoperative view of a rectal pull‐through procedure to ...
Chapter 58
Figure 58.1 Dysbiosis in dogs with IBD. (
Left
) Several major bacterial group...
Chapter 59
Figure 59.1 Current hypothesis of pathogenesis of CE in dogs. Genetic mutati...
Chapter 60
Figure 60.1 Canine eye showing jaundiced sclera.
Figure 60.2 Dalmatian showing head pressing as a manifestation of hepatic en...
Chapter 61
Figure 61.1 (a) Right lateral recumbent radiograph of a normal cat’s abdomen...
Figure 61.2 (a) Right lateral radiograph showing the abdomen of a dog with h...
Figure 61.3 Right lateral recumbent radiography of a dog with large mass cau...
Figure 61.4 Right lateral recumbent radiograph of a female chondrodystrophic...
Figure 61.5 A sagittal plane ultrasound image of a normal canine liver. The ...
Figure 61.6 Sagittal plane ultrasound images showing the liver of a patient ...
Figure 61.7 Sagittal plane ultrasound image showing the liver of a patient w...
Figure 61.8 Sagittal plane ultrasound image showing the liver of a Cavalier ...
Figure 61.9 Sagittal plane ultrasound image demonstrating a well‐defined het...
Figure 61.10 Sagittal plane ultrasound image showing a multiloculated cystic...
Figure 61.11 Sagittal plane ultrasound images showing target lesions (
blue a
...
Figure 61.12 Ultrasound image of a 14‐year‐old MN Siamese showing moderate d...
Figure 61.13 Sagittal plane ultrasound image showing the liver of a jaundice...
Figure 61.14 Ultrasound image showing the typical “kiwi‐like” appearance of ...
Figure 61.15 Ultrasound image showing thickening of the gallbladder wall (
bl
...
Figure 61.16 Color Doppler ultrasound image showing an extrahepatic portocav...
Figure 61.17 Color Doppler ultrasound image showing a left divisional intrah...
Figure 61.18 Ventrodorsal intraoperative fluoroscopic image acquired immedia...
Figure 61.19 Color Doppler ultrasound image highlighting a portal thrombus a...
Chapter 63
Figure 63.1 Diagrammatic representation of normal biliary physiology. Choles...
Figure 63.2 Ultrasound images from a cat diagnosed with neutrophilic cholang...
Chapter 64
Figure 64.1 Low‐power photomicrograph of liver tissue from an English spring...
Chapter 65
Figure 65.1 Laparoscopic view of a cirrhotic liver secondary to toxin insult...
Figure 65.2 Ultrasonographic image of a cirrhotic liver. Note the presence o...
Chapter 67
Figure 67.1 A distended gallbladder removed from a dog with a mucocele.
Chapter 69
Figure 69.1 A lateral radiograph of the lumbar vertebrae illustrating the th...
Figure 69.2 A lateral radiograph of the thoracic vertebrae confirms a fractu...
Figure 69.3 A sagittal reconstructed CT scan of the thoracic vertebrae of th...
Figure 69.4 A 3D CT reconstruction of the thoracic vertebrae of the case see...
Figure 69.5 A sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted MRI of the case se...
Figure 69.6 Securing a dog or cat to a board in lateral recumbency can reduc...
Figure 69.7 Multiple internal fixation materials and methods exist to stabil...
Figure 69.8 Fixation failure can be due to breakage or migration of the impl...
Figure 69.9 A sagittal T2‐weighted MRI confirms cerebellar vermal herniation...
Figure 69.10 Extensor rigidity of the limbs as seen in this cat can be compa...
Figure 69.11 A lateral skull radiograph shows a frontal bone fracture (
arrow
Figure 69.12 A transverse bone windowed CT scan of the dog in Fig. 69.11 con...
Figure 69.13 A transverse T2‐weighted MRI of the dog in Fig. 69.11 confirms ...
Chapter 70
Figure 70.1 Pathophysiology of epileptic seizure generation. Reverberating c...
Figure 70.2 Diagnostic paradigm for hyperkinetic movement disorders.
Chapter 71
Figure 71.1 Histopathology of the cerebellum of a dog with L2‐hydroxyglutari...
Figure 71.2 Dorsal plane CT scan of the brain of a dog with obstructive hydr...
Chapter 77
Figure 77.1 Idiopathic optic neuritis in a dog. Note the optic disc is edema...
Figure 77.2 Internal ophthalmoplegia in a dog. The right pupil is normal. Th...
Figure 77.3 Neurotrophic and neuroparalytic keratitis in a dog. Note the lef...
Figure 77.4 Horner's syndrome in a cat, demonstrating ptosis of the left upp...
Chapter 78
Figure 78.1 Epidemic curves.
Chapter 79
Figure 79.1 Lymph node aspirate from a dog. Note the increased numbers of pl...
Figure 79.2 Blood smears from two different dogs. (
Right
) A large form of
Ba
...
Figure 79.3 Kidney aspirate from a cat. Note neutrophilic‐macrophagic inflam...
Figure 79.4 Thoracic mass from a German Shepherd dog. Note the necrotic back...
Figure 79.5 Inguinal subcutaneous mass in a dog. Note the marked neutrophili...
Chapter 82
Figure 82.1 Supportive care for CPV.
Chapter 93
Figure 93.1 Phylogeny of selected organisms of veterinary importance from An...
Figure 93.2 Ehrlichial morulae (
black arrows
) in canine leukocytes as seen i...
Figure 93.3 Distribution of
Amblyomma americanum
,
Dermacentor variabilis
,
Ix
...
Figure 93.4 Seroprevalence by state of
E. chaffeensis
(
green
) and
E. ewingii
Figure 93.5 Corneal edema, opacity, and pigmentation in a dog with uveitis c...
Chapter 94
Figure 94.1 Fine‐needle aspirate of mesenteric lymph node of a dog with salm...
Chapter 95
Figure 95.1 Ultrastructural location of Wolbachia within their filarial host...
Chapter 96
Figure 96.1 Endocarditis caused by
Bartonella vinsonii
subsp.
berkhoffii
in ...
Figure 96.2 Computed tomography (CT) of spinal cord compression (a,
black ar
...
Figure 96.3 Bacillary angiomatosis in a dog. (a) Erythematous nodular skin l...
Figure 96.4 Radiograph images of the right forelimb of a cat with osteomyeli...
Chapter 97
Figure 97.1 Hemoplasma organism numbers in the blood of four cats infected w...
Chapter 98
Figure 98.1 Cultivation.
Chapter 103
Figure 103.1 Reported tularemia cases in the United States, 2016.
Chapter 108
Figure 108.1 Inguinal panniculitis in a cat.
Figure 108.2 Acid‐fast bacilli in a sample from a cat with feline leprosy.
Chapter 109
Figure 109.1 Fox terrier with dermatophytosis caused by
Trichophyton mentagr
...
Figure 109.2 Cytology of a fine needle aspirate of a skin lesion from a dog ...
Figure 109.3 Cytology showing multiple intracellular
Histoplasma capsulatum
...
Figure 109.4 Histopathology showing large numbers of
Cryptococcus
organisms ...
Figure 109.5 Cytology of a tracheal wash specimen showing a
Coccidioides
sph...
Figure 109.6 Nasal depigmentation and ulceration in a dog with sinonasal asp...
Figure 109.7 Cytology of an impression smear of a skin lesion from a cat wit...
Figure 109.8 Histopathology of a polyp caused by
Rhinosporidium seeberi
. Spo...
Chapter 110
Figure 110.1 A positive indirect fluorescent antigen test serologic response...
Figure 110.2 A young puppy with hindlimb paresis due to
Neospora caninum
inf...
Figure 110.3 Trypomastigotes of
Trypanosoma congolense
in a blood smear from...
Figure 110.4
Hepatozoon canis
gamont in a neutrophil from the blood smear of...
Figure 110.5
Tritrichomonas foetus
in a stained fecal smear from a naturally...
Chapter 111
Figure 111.1 (a) Sporulated and (b) unsporulated
Cystoisospora ohioensis
....
Chapter 118
Figure 118.1 Partition of total body water (TBW) into body compartments. See...
Chapter 119
Figure 119.1 Phosphorus homeostasis in the body.
Figure 119.2 Hormonal regulation of phosphorus in health. 1,25 (OH)
2
Vit D, ...
Chapter 122
Figure 122.1 Potential ECG changes associated with (a) moderate (approx. 6.0...
Figure 122.2 Lateral abdominal radiographic projection of a cat depicting (a...
Figure 122.3 Lateral abdominal radiographic projection of a dog depicting pr...
Figure 122.4 Lateral abdominal radiographic projection of a cat depicting th...
Figure 122.5 Once the catheter is seeded in the distal urethral, the prepuce...
Figure 122.6 Radiographic images of antegrade urethral catheterization for u...
Figure 122.7 Fluoroscopic images during urethral stent placement from a 9‐ye...
Figure 122.8 Radiographic images from a male mixed‐breed dog with a urethral...
Figure 122.9 Ultrasound images of ureteral obstruction in a dog (a) and cat ...
Figure 122.10 Radiographic images from a cat with complete right ureteral ob...
Figure 122.11 Radiographic images from a cat with a subcutaneous ureteral by...
Figure 122.12 Fluoroscopic images from an 8‐year‐old Labrador retriever with...
Chapter 123
Figure 123.1 One canine oxalate urolith from a 12‐year‐old female spayed min...
Figure 123.2 Feline oxalate stones from a 16‐year‐old female spayed domestic...
Figure 123.3 Bladder struvite uroliths retrieved from a 10‐year‐old female s...
Figure 123.4 Normal canine purine degradation pathway.
Figure 123.5 Urate stones retrieved from a 12‐year‐old male neutered Dalmati...
Figure 123.6 Xanthine stone retrieved from a 2‐year‐old male neutered Dalmat...
Figure 123.7 Suture‐induced stone removed from the bladder of a 7‐year‐old m...
Figure 123.8 Suture‐induced stone (60% struvite, 40% calcium phosphate) remo...
Figure 123.9 Melamine cyanuric acid removed from the bladder of a Burmese ca...
Figure 123.10 Stone layers description.
Figure 123.11 Abdominal radiographs (lateral view) showing bladder stones in...
Figure 123.12 Abdominal radiographs (lateral view) showing bladder and ureth...
Figure 123.13 Double‐contrast cystography (lateral view) in a dog showing mu...
Figure 123.14 (a) Cystine stone in a 3‐year‐old male pug. (b) Struvite uroli...
Figure 123.15 (a) Vertical positioning of a female dog to perform voiding ur...
Figure 123.16 Visualization of bladder stones (oxalate) before (a) and after...
Figure 123.17 Percutaneous cystolithotomy performed in a male dog. (a) A sin...
Figure 123.18 Preoperative lateral (a), postoperative lateral (b) and ventro...
Figure 123.19 Lateral radiographs of a feline patient following the placemen...
Chapter 124
Figure 124.1 Ultrasound transverse view image of a normal prostate of an int...
Figure 124.2 Ultrasound transverse view image of an atrophied prostate in a ...
Figure 124.3 Benign prostatic hypertrophy as seen on ultrasound in both tran...
Figure 124.4 Benign prostatic hypertrophy with prostatic cysts as seen on ul...
Figure 124.5 Paraprostatic cyst as seen on sagittal ultrasound view. BL, uri...
Figure 124.6 Prostatic abscess and prostatitis as seen on ultrasound transve...
Chapter 125
Figure 125.1 Flowchart for adjusting ACEI therapy. ACEI, angiotensin‐convert...
Chapter 126
Figure 126.1 This cat had hyperkalemic acute kidney injury secondary to bila...
Figure 126.2 This dog was diagnosed with leptospirosis and was initially tre...
Chapter 127
Figure 127.1 An overview of the neural control of micturition consisting of ...
Figure 127.2 Diagnostic approach to the patient with urinary incontinence. T...
Chapter 133
Figure 133.1 Photomicrograph of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of a dog...
Figure 133.2 Photomicrograph of lymphoblasts in the peripheral blood of a do...
Figure 133.3 Photomicrograph of poorly differentiated blast cells in the per...
Chapter 135
Figure 135.1 Oral extramedullary plasmacytoma in the maxilla of a dog.
Figure 135.2 Serum protein electrophoresis results in a dog with MM. The alb...
Figure 135.3 Lateral radiograph showing well‐demarcated small “punched out” ...
Figure 135.4 Bone marrow aspirate from a dog with multiple myeloma showing a...
Chapter 136
Figure 136.1 T1‐weighted post‐contrast (gadolinium) coronal image of a front...
Figure 136.2 T1‐weighted postcontrast (gadolinium) sagittal image of a cervi...
Chapter 138
Figure 138.1 (a) Squamous cell carcinoma involving the third eyelid of a cat...
Figure 138.2 (a) Free‐floating uveal cysts in the anterior chamber of a dog....
Figure 138.3 (a) Feline diffuse iris melanoma. The right iris is diffusely a...
Figure 138.4 Canine iridociliary epithelial tumor. There is a nonpigmented, ...
Figure 138.5 (a) Orbital mass in a dog with exophthalmos and dorsal deviatio...
Chapter 147
Figure 147.1 Fine needle aspirate of a canine TVT. Note the homogeneous popu...
Chapter 150
Figure 150.1 Orthogonal view radiographs (cranial‐caudal (a), lateral (b)) o...
Chapter 153
Figure 153.1 Xenogeneic DNA immunization concept.
Chapter 155
Figure 155.1 A MCT at the mucocutaneous junction of the nasal planum. Tumors...
Figure 155.2 Mast cells seen at 40× with varying amounts of metachromatic gr...
Figure 155.3 A population of Diff‐Quik stained round cells at 40×. Notice th...
Figure 155.4 (a) A female mixed‐breed dog at initial presentation with a MCT...
Figure 155.5 (a) A female boxer at presentation with over 300 dermal MCTs. (...
Figure 155.6 A clinically aggressive feline MCT. Note the change in colorati...
Chapter 157
Figure 157.1
Macule
– pigment changes occur due to increased or decreased me...
Figure 157.2
Papule
– these palpably solid elevations are usually pink to re...
Figure 157.3
Vesicle
– lesions are fragile, transient, and difficult to find...
Figure 157.4
Pustule
– lesions arise due to neutrophilic inflammation, occas...
Figure 157.5
Wheal (hive)
– these edematous lesions typically disappear with...
Figure 157.6
Nodule
– these lesions develop due to an inflammatory or neopla...
Figure 157.7
Epidermal collarette
– these are formed from the remnants of a ...
Figure 157.8
Excoriation
– these lesions are self‐induced and occur secondar...
Figure 157.9
Erosion/ulceration
– develop due to rapid death and/or loss of ...
Figure 157.10
Fissure
– lesions may be caused by underlying disease or injur...
Figure 157.11
Lichenification
– results from chronic trauma, often due to fr...
Figure 157.12
Alopecia
– may arise from several causes that lead to damage t...
Figure 157.13
Scale
– results from increased production of keratinocytes, su...
Figure 157.14
Crust
– forms when purulent exudate, serum, blood, other dried...
Figure 157.15
Follicular casts
– these lesions are composed of a combination...
Figure 157.16
Comedones
– in general, these lesions may form as a result of ...
Figure 157.17
Pigmentary abnormalities
– hypopigmentation‐hypomelanosis occu...
Figure 157.18
Pigmentary abnormalities
– hyperpigmentation‐hypermelanosis oc...
Chapter 159
Figure 159.1 Moderately erythematous, coalescing macules in the inguinal reg...
Figure 159.2 Pinpoint, faint papules on the sternum of a dog with mild atopi...
Figure 159.3 Marked lichenification and hyperpigmentation of the periocular ...
Figure 159.4 Salivary staining on the paws of a patient with atopic dermatit...
Figure 159.5 Cat with moderate‐to‐severe periocular erythema, swelling, and ...
Figure 159.6 Self‐induced noninflammatory alopecia on the abdomen of an atop...
Figure 159.7 Miliary dermatitis lesions (crusted erythematous papules) on th...
Figure 159.8 Eosinophilic plaque lesions on the ventral abdomen of an allerg...
Figure 159.9 Unilateral indolent ulcer on the upper lip of an allergic cat....
Figure 159.10 Intradermal allergen test showing several positive reactions t...
Chapter 160
Figure 160.1 Five‐year‐old male neutered mixed‐breed dog with multifocal whe...
Figure 160.2 Three‐year‐old female spayed mastiff with facial angioedema.
Figure 160.3 Severe contact dermatitis to a plant fertilizer in a 5‐year‐old...
Figure 160.4 Five‐year‐old female spayed mixed‐breed dog with flea allergy d...
Figure 160.5 An indolent ulcer in a 4‐year‐old female spayed domestic shorth...
Chapter 161
Figure 161.1 Periocular lichenification, crusting, and hyperpigmentation in ...
Figure 161.2 Erythematous otitis externa in an 8‐year‐old, female spayed gol...
Figure 161.3 Ventral lichenification, ulceration, and crusting in a 7‐year‐o...
Chapter 162
Figure 162.1 Less than 1‐year‐old, male, intact collie with nonpruritic alop...
Figure 162.2 Middle‐aged, male, neutered Siberian husky with crusting, depig...
Figure 162.3 One‐year‐old German shorthaired pointer with exfoliative cutane...
Figure 162.4 Three‐year‐old collie with vesicular cutaneous lupus. Note the ...
Figure 162.5 One‐year‐old Great Dane with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. N...
Figure 162.6 Sample collected from a pustule in a case of pemphigus foliaceu...
Figure 162.7 Cocker spaniel with pemphigus foliaceus. Multifocal to coalesci...
Figure 162.8 Domestic shorthair cat with caseous debris and erythema of the ...
Chapter 163
Figure 163.1 A 3‐year‐old male castrated English bulldog with patchy alopeci...
Figure 163.2 Adult male castrated toy poodle with focal alopecia secondary t...
Figure 163.3 Neck region of a 9‐year‐old female spayed gray and white Italia...
Figure 163.4 Adult male castrated Pomeranian dog with alopecia X. Note that ...
Figure 163.5 Patterned alopecia in a young adult female spayed Boston terrie...
