Cloud Services, Networking, and Management E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: IEEE Press Series on Network Management
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 821

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

Cloud Services, Networking and Management provides a comprehensive overview of the cloud infrastructure and services, as well as their underlying management mechanisms, including data center virtualization and networking, cloud security and reliability, big data analytics, scientific and commercial applications. Special features of the book include: * State-of-the-art content * Self-contained chapters for readers with specific interests * Includes commercial applications on Cloud (video services and games)

Leseprobe

IEEE Press445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854

IEEE Press Editorial BoardTariq Samad, Editor in Chief

Kenneth Moore, Director of IEEE Book and Information Services (BIS)

CONTENTS

COVER

TITLE PAGE

PREFACE

CONTRIBUTORS

PART I: BASIC CONCEPTS AND ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

1 CLOUD ARCHITECTURES, NETWORKS, SERVICES, AND MANAGEMENT

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 PART I: INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

1.3 PART II: RESEARCH CHALLENGES—THE CHAPTERS IN THIS BOOK

1.4 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

2 VIRTUALIZATION IN THE CLOUD

2.1 THE NEED FOR VIRTUALIZATION MANAGEMENT IN THE CLOUD

2.2 BASIC CONCEPTS

2.3 VIRTUALIZED ELEMENTS

2.4 VIRTUALIZATION OPERATIONS

2.5 INTERFACES FOR VIRTUALIZATION MANAGEMENT

2.6 TOOLS AND SYSTEMS

2.7 CHALLENGES

REFERENCES

3 VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 VM MIGRATION

3.3 VIRTUAL NETWORK MIGRATION WITHOUT PACKET LOSS

3.4 SECURITY OF VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS

3.5 FUTURE DIRECTIONS

3.6 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

PART II: CLOUD NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS

4 DATACENTER NETWORKS AND RELEVANT STANDARDS

4.1 OVERVIEW

4.2 TOPOLOGIES

4.3 NETWORK EXPANSION

4.4 TRAFFIC

4.5 ROUTING

4.6 ADDRESSING

4.7 RESEARCH CHALLENGES

4.8 SUMMARY

REFERENCES

5 INTER-DATA-CENTER NETWORKS WITH MINIMUM OPERATIONAL COSTS

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 INTER-DATA-CENTER NETWORK VIRTUALIZATION

5.3 IDC NETWORK DESIGN WITH MINIMUM ELECTRIC BILLS

5.4 INTER-DATA-CENTER NETWORK DESIGN WITH MINIMUM DOWNTIME PENALTIES

5.5 OVERCOMING ENERGY VERSUS RESILIENCE TRADE-OFF

5.6 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSIONS

REFERENCES

6 OPENFLOW AND SDN FOR CLOUDS

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 SDN, CLOUD COMPUTING, AND VIRTUALIZATION CHALLENGES

6.3 SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING

6.4 OVERVIEW OF CLOUD COMPUTING AND OPENSTACK

6.5 SDN FOR CLOUD COMPUTING

6.6 COMBINING OPENFLOW AND OPENSTACK WITH OPENDAYLIGHT

6.7 SOFTWARE-DEFINED INFRASTRUCTURES

6.8 RESEARCH TRENDS AND CHALLENGES

6.9 CONCLUDING REMARKS

REFERENCES

7 MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING

7.3 RISKS IN MCC

7.4 RISK MANAGEMENT FOR MCC

7.5 CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

PART III: CLOUD MANAGEMENT

8 ENERGY CONSUMPTION OPTIMIZATION IN CLOUD DATA CENTERS

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN DATA CENTERS: COMPONENTS AND MODELS

8.3 ENERGY EFFICIENT SYSTEM-LEVEL OPTIMIZATION OF DATA CENTERS

8.4 CONCLUSIONS AND OPEN CHALLENGES

REFERENCES

9 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING

9.1 INTRODUCTION

9.2 BACKGROUND CONCEPTS

9.3 RELATED WORK

9.4 X-CLOUD APPLICATION MANAGEMENT PLATFORM

9.5 IMPLEMENTATION

9.6 EXPERIMENTS AND A CASE STUDY

9.7 CHALLENGES IN MANAGEMENT ON HETEROGENEOUS CLOUDS

9.8 CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

10 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND SCHEDULING

10.1 INTRODUCTION

10.2 BASIC CONCEPTS

10.3 APPLICATIONS

10.4 PROBLEM DEFINITION

10.5 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND SCHEDULING IN CLOUDS

10.6 CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES

10.7 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

11 CLOUD SECURITY

11.1 INTRODUCTION

11.2 TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

11.3 EXISTING SOLUTIONS

11.4 TRANSFORMING TO THE NEW IDPS CLOUD SECURITY SOLUTIONS

11.5 FLOWIPS: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

11.6 FLOWIPS VS SNORT/IPTABLES IPS

11.7 NETWORK RECONFIGURATION

11.8 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON

11.9 OPEN ISSUES AND FUTURE WORK

11.10 CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

12 SURVIVABILITY AND FAULT TOLERANCE IN THE CLOUD

12.1 INTRODUCTION

12.2 BACKGROUND

12.3 FAILURE CHARACTERIZATION IN CLOUD ENVIRONMENTS

12.4 AVAILABILITY-AWARE RESOURCE ALLOCATION SCHEMES

12.5 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

PART IV: CLOUD APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES

13 SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS ON CLOUDS

13.1 INTRODUCTION

13.2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

13.3 RELATED WORK

13.4 IWIR WORKFLOW MODEL

13.5 AMAZON SWF BACKGROUND

13.6 RAINCLOUD WORKFLOW

13.7 IWIR-TO-SWF CONVERSION

13.8 EXPERIMENTS

13.9 OPEN CHALLENGES

13.10 CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

14 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS ON CLOUDS

14.1 INTRODUCTION

14.2 DELIVERY MODELS FOR INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA SERVICES

14.3 CLOUD GAMING

14.4 UGC LIVE STREAMING

14.5 TIME-SHIFTING VIDEO STREAMING

14.6 OPEN CHALLENGES

14.7 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

15 BIG DATA ON CLOUDS (BDOC)

15.1 INTRODUCTION

15.2 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND STATE OF THE ART

15.3 CLOUDS—SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF BIG DATA

15.4 EMERGING BUSINESS APPLICATIONS

15.5 CLOUD AND SERVICE AVAILABILITY

15.6 BDOC SECURITY ISSUES

15.7 BDOC LEGAL ISSUES

15.8 ENABLING FUTURE SUCCESS—STEM CULTIVATION AND OUTREACH

15.9 OPEN CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

15.10 CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

INDEX

IEEE PRESS SERIES ON: NETWORKS AND SERVICES MANAGEMENT

END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

List of Tables

Chapter 03

TABLE 3.1. Comparison of offline and live migration techniques

TABLE 3.2. Comparison of migrating I/O virtualization techniques

Chapter 04

TABLE 4.1. Comparison among datacenter network topologies

Chapter 05

TABLE 5.1. The notation used in the virtualization scheme

TABLE 5.2. The notation used in inter-data-center workload migration algorithm

TABLE 5.3. Summary of the virtual inter-data-center network design schemes studied in this chapter

Chapter 06

TABLE 6.1. Components of a flow entry in a flow table

TABLE 6.2. Meter entry in meter table; Meter band in meter entry

Chapter 07

TABLE 7.1. Overview of risk factors in mobile clouds

TABLE 7.2. Example of effects on risk probabilities and impacts

TABLE 7.3. Framework analysis

Chapter 11

TABLE 11.1. Network reconfiguration actions

TABLE 11.2. FlowIPS actions selection guidance

Chapter 12

TABLE 12.1. Availability vs. daily and monthly downtimes

TABLE 12.2. Network reconfiguration actions

Chapter 14

TABLE 14.1 . Number of channels for top categories

TABLE 14.2 . Ratio of video portions from P2P vs. DC

List of Illustrations

Chapter 01

Figure 1.1. Typical architecture in a cloud computing environment.

Figure 1.2. Cloud computing business model.

Chapter 02

Figure 2.1. Virtualized cloud network infrastructure.

Chapter 03

Figure 3.1. General Xen-based virtualization architecture. The hachured areas, administrative domain and hypervisor, indicate the most sensitive software modules because they run on highest privilege level.

Figure 3.2. I/O virtualization modes. (a) Network I/O virtualization with paravirtualized drivers. Administrative domain centralizes all I/O operations. (b) Direct I/O network virtualization. A network interface card is directly connected to virtual machine.

Figure 3.3. Hardware-assisted network I/O virtualization modes. (a) Network I/O virtualization with SR-IOV. Virtual machines directly access NIC virtual functions. (b) Network I/O virtualization with VMDq. Virtual machines access device queues through a paravirtualized driver.

Figure 3.4. XenFlow architecture overview. Xen virtual router data plane is copied to physical host OpenFlow switch. Network controller orchestrates virtual router and link migration.

Figure 3.5. XenFlow virtual topology migration. (1) Virtual machine and all running routing protocol migration. (2) Data plane reconstruction based on control plane information. (3) Link migration by sending a predefined ARP Reply message.

Chapter 04

Figure 4.1. A canonical three-tiered tree-like datacenter network topology.

Figure 4.2. Clos-based topologies. (a) VL2 and (b) Fat-tree.

Figure 4.3. OSA adapts according to demands (adapted from Ref. [17]).

Figure 4.4. Hybrid switch/server topologies. (a) Two-level DCell and (b) two-level BCube.

Figure 4.5. Example of 3-ary CamCube topology (adapted from Ref. [21]).

Figure 4.6. Legup’s overview (adapted from Ref. [12]).

Figure 4.7. Comparison between (a) Fat-Tree and (b) Jellyfish with identical equipment (adapted from Ref. [13]).

Figure 4.8. PSSR overview (adapted from Ref. [46]).

Figure 4.9. Architecture for address translation in VL2.

Figure 4.10. NetLord’s encapsulation/decapsulation process (adapted from Ref. [71]).

Chapter 05

Figure 5.1. Heterogeneous inter-data-center network [3].

Figure 5.2. Minimalist illustration of inter-data-center network backbone virtualization.

Figure 5.3. Generic virtualization steps for an inter-data-center network.

Figure 5.4. (a) Demand profile in different time zones. (b) ToU rates in different locations of the network.

Figure 5.5. (a) Opex savings in the inter-data-center network. (b) Opex of the network equipment.

Figure 5.6. (a) Outage probability of upstream data center demands. (b) Number of active channels in the virtual inter-data-center network.

Figure 5.7. (a) Power consumption of the inter-data-center network under RPMPC, MOPIC, and POMIP, (b) Outage probability of upstream data center demands under RPMPC, MOPIC, and POMIP.

Chapter 06

Figure 6.1. Physical infrastructure for web browsing use case.

Figure 6.2. Virtual infrastructure for Web browsing use case.

Figure 6.3. SDN layered architecture (from Ref. [5]).

Figure 6.4. OpenFlow switch and controller (from Ref. [9]).

Figure 6.5. Matching of packets against tables (from Ref. [9]).

Figure 6.6. Virtual machines.

Figure 6.7. Conceptual architecture of OpenStack (from Ref. [10]).

Figure 6.8. Typical physical data center networks in OpenStack (from Ref. [10]).

Figure 6.9. Tenant and provider networks (from Ref. [10]).

Figure 6.10. Virtual interfaces connect VMs to virtual switches and to physical interfaces (from Ref. [11]).

Figure 6.11. Open VSwitch (from Ref. [11]).

Figure 6.12. OpenDaylight architecture (from Ref. [18]). VTN, virtual tenant network; oDMC, open dove management console; D4A, defense4A# production; LISP, locator/identifier separation protocol; OCSDB, Open vSwitch data base protocol; BGP, border gateway protocol; PCEP, path computation element communication protocol; SNMP, simple network management protocol.

Figure 6.13. Virtual tenant network architecture (from Ref. [18]).

Figure 6.14. Architecture for managing virtual infrastructures.

Figure 6.15. SAVI SDI resource management system.

Chapter 07

Figure 7.2. Risk hierarchy.

Chapter 08

Figure 8.1. Computing server power consumption.

Figure 8.2. Three-tier data center architecture.

Figure 8.3. DENS metric selection of computing server.

Figure 8.4. Server selection according to load and communication potential.

Figure 8.5. Queue-size related component of the STAB scheduler.

Figure 8.6. Selection of racks and modules by the STAB scheduler.

Figure 8.7. Selection of computing servers by the STAB scheduler.

Figure 8.8. Replication in cloud computing data centers. All database requests produced by the cloud applications running on computing servers are first directed to the rack-level database server. Rack DB either replies with the requested data or forwards the request to the Data center DB. In a similar fashion, the Data center DB either satisfies the request or forwards it up to the Central DB.

Figure 8.9. Downlink bandwidth requirements.

Figure 8.10. Energy and residual bandwidth for (a) Central DB, (b) Data center DB, and (c) Rack DB replication scenarios.

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

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a1

CLOUD SERVICES, NETWORKING, AND MANAGEMENT

Edited by

Nelson L. S. da Fonseca

Raouf Boutaba

Copyright © 2015 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. All rights reservedPublished simultaneously in Canada

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Fonseca, Nelson L. S. da.     Cloud services, networking, and management / Nelson L. S. da Fonseca, Raouf Boutaba.        pages cm

    ISBN 978-1-118-84594-3 (cloth)1. Cloud computing. I. Boutaba, Raouf. II. Title.    QA76.585.F66 2015    004.67′ 82–dc23

2014037179