CMOS - R. Jacob Baker - E-Book

CMOS E-Book

R. Jacob Baker

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Beschreibung

A revised guide to the theory and implementation of CMOS analog and digital IC design

The fourth edition of CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation is an updated guide to the practical design of both analog and digital integrated circuits. The author—a noted expert on the topic—offers a contemporary review of a wide range of analog/digital circuit blocks including: phase-locked-loops, delta-sigma sensing circuits, voltage/current references, op-amps, the design of data converters, and switching power supplies.

CMOS includes discussions that detail the trade-offs and considerations when designing at the transistor-level. The companion website contains numerous examples for many computer-aided design (CAD) tools. Using the website enables readers to recreate, modify, or simulate the design examples presented throughout the book. In addition, the author includes hundreds of end-of-chapter problems to enhance understanding of the content presented. This newly revised edition:

•    Provides in-depth coverage of both analog and digital transistor-level design techniques

•    Discusses the design of phase- and delay-locked loops, mixed-signal circuits, data converters, and circuit noise

•    Explores real-world process parameters, design rules, and layout examples

•    Contains a new chapter on Power Electronics

Written for students in electrical and computer engineering and professionals in the field, the fourth edition of CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation is a practical guide to understanding analog and digital transistor-level design theory and techniques.

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Seitenzahl: 1918

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2019

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IEEE Press

445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854

IEEE Press Editorial Board

Ekram Hossain,

Editor in Chief

Giancarlo FortinoDavid Alan GrierDonald HeirmanXiaoou Li

Andreas MolischSaeid NahavandiRay PerezJeffrey Reed

Diomidis SpinellisElya B. JoffeSarah SpurgeonAhmet Murat Tekalp

CMOS Circuit Design,Layout, and Simulation

Fourth Edition

R. Jacob Baker

IEEE Press Series on Microelectronic Systems

Copyright © 2019 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.

ISBN 9781119481515

To Julie

CONTENTS

Cover

Preface

Chapter 1 Introduction to CMOS Design

1.1 The CMOS IC Design Process

1.2 CMOS Background

1.3 An Introduction to SPICE

Chapter 2 The Well

2.1 Patterning

2.2 Laying Out the N-well

2.3 Resistance Calculation

2.4 The N-well/Substrate Diode

2.5 The RC Delay through an N-well

2.6 Twin Well Processes

Chapter 3 The Metal Layers

3.1 The Bonding Pad

3.2 Design and Layout Using the Metal Layers

3.3 Crosstalk and Ground Bounce

3.4 Layout Examples

Note

Chapter 4 The Active and Poly Layers

4.1 Layout using the Active and Poly Layers

4.2 Connecting Wires to Poly and Active

4.3 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection

Chapter 5 Resistors, Capacitors, MOSFETs

5.1 Resistors

5.2 Capacitors

5.3 MOSFETs

5.4 Layout Examples

Chapter 6 MOSFET Operation

6.1 MOSFET Capacitance Overview/Review

6.2 The Threshold Voltage

6.3 IV Characteristics of MOSFETs

6.4 SPICE Modeling of the MOSFET

6.5 Short-Channel MOSFETs

Note

Chapter 7 CMOS Fabrication

7.1 CMOS Unit Processes

7.2 CMOS Process Integration

7.3 Backend Processes

7.4 Advanced CMOS Process Integration

7.5 Summary

Notes

Chapter 8 Electrical Noise: An Overview

8.1 Signals

8.2 Circuit Noise

8.3 Discussion

Note

Chapter 9 Models for Analog Design

9.1 Long-Channel MOSFETs

9.2 Short-Channel MOSFETs

9.3 MOSFET Noise Modeling

Chapter 10 Models for Digital Design

10.1 The Digital MOSFET Model

10.2 The MOSFET Pass Gate

10.3 A Final Comment Concerning Measurements

Chapter 11 The Inverter

11.1 DC Characteristics

11.2 Switching Characteristics

11.3 Layout of the Inverter

11.4 Sizing for Large Capacitive Loads

11.5 Other Inverter Configurations

Chapter 12 Static Logic Gates

12.1 DC Characteristics of the NAND and NOR Gates

12.2 Layout of the NAND and NOR Gates

12.3 Switching Characteristics

12.4 Complex CMOS Logic Gates

Chapter 13 Clocked Circuits

13.1 The CMOS TG

13.2 Applications of the Transmission Gate

13.3 Latches and Flip-Flops

13.4 Examples

Chapter 14 Dynamic Logic Gates

14.1 Fundamentals of Dynamic Logic

14.2 Clocked CMOS Logic

Chapter 15 CMOS Layout Examples

15.1 Chip Layout

15.2 Layout Steps

by Dean Moriarty

Note

Chapter 16 Memory Circuits

16.1 Array Architectures

16.2 Peripheral Circuits

16.3 Memory Cells

Chapter 17 Sensing Using ΔΣ Modulation

17.1 Qualitative Discussion

17.2 Sensing Resistive Memory

17.3 Sensing in CMOS Imagers

Chapter 18 Special Purpose CMOS Circuits

18.1 The Schmitt Trigger

18.2 Multivibrator Circuits

18.3 Input Buffers

18.4 Charge Pumps (Voltage Generators)

Chapter 19 Digital Phase-Locked Loops

19.1 The Phase Detector

19.2 The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator

19.3 The Loop Filter

19.4 System Considerations

19.5 Delay-Locked Loops

19.6 Some Examples

Note

Chapter 20 Current Mirrors

20.1 The Basic Current Mirror

20.2 Cascoding the Current Mirror

20.3 Biasing Circuits

Chapter 21 Amplifiers

21.1 Gate-Drain-Connected Loads

21.2 Current Source Loads

21.3 The Push-Pull Amplifier

Chapter 22 Differential Amplifiers

22.1 The Source-Coupled Pair

22.2 The Source Cross-Coupled Pair

22.3 Cascode Loads (The Telescopic Diff-Amp)

22.4 Wide-Swing Differential Amplifiers

Chapter 23 Voltage References

23.1 MOSFET-Resistor Voltage References

23.2 Parasitic Diode-Based References

Chapter 24 Operational Amplifiers I

24.1 The Two-Stage Op-Amp

24.2 An Op-Amp with Output Buffer

24.3 The Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA)

24.4 Gain-Enhancement

24.5 Some Examples and Discussions

Chapter 25 Dynamic Analog Circuits

25.1 The MOSFET Switch

25.2 Fully-Differential Circuits

25.3 Switched-Capacitor Circuits

25.4 Circuits

Chapter 26 Operational Amplifiers II

26.1 Biasing for Power and Speed

26.2 Basic Concepts

26.3 Basic Op-Amp Design

26.4 Op-Amp Design Using Switched-Capacitor CMFB

Chapter 27 Nonlinear Analog Circuits

27.1 Basic CMOS Comparator Design

27.2 Adaptive Biasing

27.3 Analog Multipliers

Chapter 28 Data Converter Fundamentals

28.1 Analog Versus Discrete Time Signals

28.2 Converting Analog Signals to Digital Signals

28.3 Sample-and-Hold (S/H) Characteristics

28.4 Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) Specifications

28.5 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Specifications

28.6 Mixed-Signal Layout Issues

Chapter 29 Data Converter Architectures

29.1 DAC Architectures

29.2 ADC Architectures

Chapter 30 Implementing Data Converters

30.1

R-2R

Topologies for DACs

30.2 Op-Amps in Data Converters

30.3 Implementing ADCs

Chapter 31 Feedback Amplifiers

31.1 The Feedback Equation

31.2 Properties of Negative Feedback on Amplifier Design

31.3 Recognizing Feedback Topologies

31.4 The Voltage Amp (Series-Shunt Feedback)

31.5 The Transimpedance Amp (Shunt-Shunt Feedback)

31.6 The Transconductance Amp (Series-Series Feedback)

31.7 The Current Amplifier (Shunt-Series Feedback)

31.8 Stability

31.9 Design Examples

Note

Chapter 32 Hysteretic Power Converters

32.1 A Review of Power and Energy Basics

32.2 Switching Power Supplies: Some Examples

32.3 Hysteretic Control

Note

Index

About the Author

END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

List of Tables

Chapter 2

Table 2.1

Chapter 3

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Chapter 4

Table 4.1

Chapter 5

Table 5.1

Chapter 6

Table 6.1

Table 6.2

Table 6.3

Table 6.4

Chapter 7

Table 7.1

Chapter 8

Table 8.1

Table 8.2

Chapter 9

Table 9.1

Table 9.2

Chapter 10

Table 10.1

Table 10.2

Chapter 16

Table 16.1

Chapter 17

Table 17.1

Table 17.2

Table 17.3

Chapter 20

Table 20.1

Chapter 29

Table 29.1

Chapter 30

Table 30.1

Chapter 31

Table 31.1

Table 31.2