82,99 €
Mehr erfahren.
- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
This book provides a simplified visionary approach about the future direction of IoT, addressing its wide-scale adoption in many markets, its interception with advanced technology, the explosive growth in data, and the emergence of data analytics. IoT business applications span multiple vertical markets. The objective is to inspire creative thinking and collaboration among startups and entrepreneurs which will breed innovation and deliver IoT solutions that will positively impact us by making business processes more efficient, and improving our quality of life. With increasing proliferation of smart-phones and social media, data generated by user wearable/mobile devices continue to be key sources of information about us and the markets around us. Better insights will be gained through cognitive computation coupled with business intelligence and visual analytics that are GIS-based.
Sie lesen das E-Book in den Legimi-Apps auf:
Seitenzahl: 444
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015
Ähnliche
COLLABORATIVE INTERNET OF THINGS (C-IOT)
FOR FUTURE SMART CONNECTED LIFE AND BUSINESS
Fawzi Behmann
Kwok Wu
This edition first published 2015
© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Registered office
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom
For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com.
The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.
Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
ISBN: 9781118913741
Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Foreword
About the Authors
Preface
1 Introductions and Motivation
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Book
1.3 C-IoT Terms of References
1.4 The Future
References
2 Application Requirements
2.1 C-IoT Landscape
2.2 Application Requirements – Use Cases
2.3 Health and Fitness System for Individual/Industry/Infrastructure (Lead Example)
2.4 Video Surveillance, Drone, and Machine Vision
2.5 Smart Home and Building
2.6 Smart Energy
2.7 Track and Monitor
2.8 Smart Factory
2.9 Others (Smart Car, Smart Truck, Drone, Machine Vision, and Smart City)
References
3 C-IoT Applications and Services
3.1 Smart IoT Application Use Cases
3.2 Smart IoT Platform
3.3 Secured C-IoT Software Platform
References
4 IoT Reference Design Kit
4.1 Hardware Equipment List for the Demonstration
4.2 Software Required for Demonstration
4.3 Safely Power Off the Reference Platform
4.4 ZigBee Home and Building Automation
4.5 Network Video Recorder (NVR) for Video Surveillance
4.6 Internet 3G Broadband Gateway
4.7 UPNP
4.8 Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) Media Server
References
5 C-IoT Cloud-Based Services and C-IoT User Device Diversity
5.1 C-IoT Cloud-Based Services
5.2 C-IoT User Device Diversity
References
6 Impact of C-IoT and Tips
6.1 Impact on Business Process Productivity and Smart of Digital Life
6.2 Considerations of Developing Differentiated C-IoT Solutions
6.3 Practical Tips on Maintaining Digital Lifestyle
References
7 Conclusion
7.1 Simple C-IoT Domains and Model
7.2 Disruptive Business Applications of C-IoT
7.3 A New Digital Lifestyle
7.4 Development Platform
7.5 C-IoT Emerging Standards, Consortiums, and Other Initiatives
7.6 Final Note
References
Index
Pages
iii
iv
xi
xii
xiii
xiv
xv
xvi
xvii
xviii
xix
xx
xxi
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
Guide
Cover
Contents
Chapter 1: Introductions and Motivation
List of Illustrations
Figure 1.1
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.3
Figure 1.4
Figure 1.5
Figure 1.6
Figure 1.7
Figure 1.8
Figure 1.9
Figure 1.10
Figure 1.11
Figure 1.12
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2
Figure 2.3
Table 2.1
Figure 2.4
Figure 2.5
Figure 2.6
Figure 2.7
Figure 2.8
Figure 2.9
Figure 2.10
Figure 2.11
Figure 2.12
Figure 2.13
Figure 2.14
Figure 2.15
Figure 2.16
Figure 2.17
Figure 2.18
Figure 2.19
Figure 2.20
Figure 2.21
Figure 2.22
Figure 2.23
Figure 2.24
Figure 2.25
Figure 2.26
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.2
Figure 3.3
Figure 3.4
Figure 3.5
Figure 3.6
Figure 3.7
Figure 3.8
Figure 3.9
Figure 3.10
Figure 3.11
Figure 3.12
Figure 3.13
Figure 3.14
Figure 3.15
Figure 3.16
Figure 3.17
Figure 3.18
Figure 3.19
Figure 3.20
Figure 3.21
Figure 3.22
Figure 3.23
Figure 3.24
Figure 3.25
Figure 3.26
Figure 3.27
Figure 3.28
Figure 3.29
Figure 3.30
Figure 3.31
Figure 3.32
Figure 3.33
Figure 3.34
Figure 3.35
Figure 3.36
Figure 3.37
Figure 3.38
Figure 3.39
Figure 3.40
Figure 3.41
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.2
Figure 4.3
Figure 4.4
Figure 4.5
Figure 4.6
Figure 4.7
Figure 4.8
Figure 4.9
Figure 4.10
Figure 4.11
Figure 4.12
Figure 4.13
Figure 4.14
Figure 4.15
Figure 5.1
List of Tables
Table 2.2
Table 2.3
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 3.3
Table 3.4
Table 3.5
Table 3.6
Table 3.7
Table 3.8
Table 3.9
Table 3.10
Table 3.11
Table 3.12
Table 3.13
Foreword
I recall sitting in the Bell Labs auditorium in Holmdel, New Jersey in 1980 listening to a lecture by the head of research, Arno Penzias. He had recently won the Nobel Prize for his radio astronomy work on the origins of the universe. But this day he was evangelizing a technology we all knew, but did not fully appreciate; at least that was Dr. Penzias’ message. As engineers and scientists we did not lack appreciation for the invention, the microprocessor. The Intel 8080 and Motorola 6800 replaced thousands of discrete small- and medium-scale integrated circuits used in random logic designs, cutting development time and costs dramatically. Some in the room were even determined to invent the next generation of microprocessors. That was not what Dr. Penzias was proselytizing. His was a challenge of innovation with the microprocessor. That vision was one of thousands of microprocessors in homes, automobiles, and offices. By sharing his vision, he was spurring us to think not about problem solving but about possibilities. At the time, I dare say most of us failed to grasp the full import of his message because of our linear thinking. Engineers in particular are prone to linear thinking. We are skilled at wrapping our minds around a single complex problem, going ever deeper, searching for clever ways to overcome natural barriers to achieve a novel and useful design.
Even in hindsight we think linearly, as does much of the general public. If you ask “who changed America’s homes by lighting them with electricity?” you are likely to hear the name of Thomas Edison, not Nikola Tesla and certainly not James Watt. Yes, Edison is credited with the invention of the incandescent light bulb, but he waged a long legal and publicity war against Tesla’s invention of alternating current (AC), advocating his own choice of direct current (DC). In that way he impeded, not hastened the lighting of America’s homes. Without AC generation and transmission, we would all need DC power plants in our basements to light our homes. Tesla made centralized power a practical and commercial reality. As for James Watt, it was his steam turbines that converted fossil fuel, primarily coal, into electricity so that it could be transmitted over Tesla’s network to power Edison’s bulb. Without Watt’s steam engine, Edison and Tesla’s inventions would have been subjects for demonstration in undergraduate physics.
Behind the invention of the Internet is a similar story. Vint Cerf and Robert Kahn are the names that come to many engineers when asked about the origins of the Internet. That recognition is richly deserved. Their contribution of TCP is foundational to today’s network, and without their guidance and advocacy, the Internet would not have evolved to the one we know today. Yet most of the general public knows little or nothing of TCP. It is more likely that when they think of the Internet, they see the World Wide Web and the web browser, invented by Tim Berners-Lee and Marc Andreesen, respectively. While the public is not likely to recognize those names either, they do recognize the names of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, and so they may receive popular credit. That too is deserved, without the personal computer, the Internet would look very different indeed. Perhaps, the most underappreciated Internet engineers are Dr. Emmanuel Desurvire and Dr. David N. Payne. Without their invention of the Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) or the invention of modern fiber-optic cable, Internet backbones would be operating over coaxial cable at speeds of megabits per second, not terabits per second. We would be stuck with our 38 kbps voice band modems. Remember how much fun it was downloading a song or an image with that? To be fair, it took all of these inventions and contributions to make our Internet a reality.
These stories are tales of the convergence of inventions at a single place and time in history that unleashed floods of innovation that flowed for decades, transforming societies, businesses, and even cultures. No one sat down and decided that to have a successful Internet, they would need a reliable transport protocol, fiber-optic communication, a multimedia web protocol, personal computers, and a browser. However, when they all came together in the early 1990s, innovators and venture capitalists began to see and explore the possibilities. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the public, investors, and media saw new sites and businesses announced daily, as eCommerce, eBusiness, and B2B (business-to-business) were added to the lexicons of the world. Some companies rose from nothing to great heights, such as Webvan, only to fall again as unsustainable. Others, such as Egghead, saw their entire business model turned on its head. An industry it had helped create, the personal computer industry, and a technology they made popular, the voice band modem, turned on them. Their success made their brick and mortar franchise obsolete. Software could be downloaded without going to the local Egghead store, and much of the software was free.
But all of that is history, where are we now and where are we going? If we have learned anything from the history of invention, innovation, and adoption in the last 200 years, it should be humility. If you need evidence, look at the aftermath of the dot-com bubble or read a 10-year-old article from the popular press on the future of technology. As the President of AT&T Labs, I was often asked about the next great innovations and what they meant for our networks, which ones would drive bandwidth growth in our homes and businesses, and how they would change the way we work and recreate. My answer was that I did not know what applications and innovations would drive our networks and lives; that response never failed to disappoint the interlocutor. But what I did share with audiences inside and outside AT&T were technologies and trends that would shape that future. Those technologies and network trends were the subjects of investigation and innovation of the Members of Technical Staff at AT&T Labs, and I had the great privilege of seeing their work daily. What I could predict was the exponential growth in bandwidth, at 40–50% each year for decades, as postulated at Nielsen’s Law, a corollary to Moore’s Law, and what I could see were technologies that mattered in the shaping of our future.
In a broad sense, “Collaborative Internet of Things (C-IoT) for Future Smart Connected Life and Business” by Fawzi Behmann and Kwok Wu presents the reader with such a view of emerging technologies, and how at this point in time, they will work together to usher forth another flood of innovations, changing our lives. The theme of the book, Internet of Things or IoT is a term meant to capture the pervasiveness of the Internet, the wide adoption of mobile computing and connectivity, and their incorporation into everyday things in our lives. Those technologies are leading directly to the ubiquity of embedded computing in the most common place and also into the most complex items in our lives. There are already shoes, pet collars, and light bulbs connected to the Internet, and our homes and automobiles are living out Dr. Penzias’ vision of thousands of embedded processors. Add to those technologies cloud computing, the introduction of IPv6, and the emergence of Big Data analytics and we begin to see the possibilities and models for adoption that are explored in this book.
Few if any of us can predict the next Facebook or iPhone. But by identifying technologies that matter and a likely framework for their evolution and adoption, we can begin to see the possibilities, much as Dr. Penzias urged us to do back in Holmdel NJ.
G. Keith CambronPresident and CEO of AT&T Labs, retired
About the Authors
Fawzi Behmann
President, TelNet Management Consulting, Inc.
Fawzi Behmann is the president of TelNet Management Consulting, Inc., a results-driven firm incorporated in 2009 in Texas, USA. The focus is in providing consulting services in the areas of empowering smart communications and networking and providing insights in several vertical markets. Company capabilities include the development of global strategic initiatives, products, solutions, training, and support in the areas of Internet of Things (IoT), wireless, public safety, enterprise, industrial, medical, supply-chain infrastructure, and big data analytics.
Fawzi Behmann has many years of experience in global communications and networking spanning supply chain from semiconductor, networking equipment, and service providers in Canada and the United States. This in turn helped in understanding customers’ requirements, market and technological trends, developing strategy, and plan of execution applying best of practices.
With coauthoring the book Collaborative Internet of Things (C-IoT) for Future Smart Connected Life and Business, Fawzi Behmann has pioneered the development of early-IoT system for telecom in the late 1980s and early 1990s based on ITU TMN M.3000 standards.
As a Consultant/Executive Marketing Director since 2009, he provided support to
Power.org
, a nonprofit worldwide Trade Association, in advancing $5 Billion dollars Power Architecture (Power PC) processor technology and promoting ecosystem solutions in select key markets. Fawzi develops corporate strategic plans and facilitates business collaboration with developers, academia, and other forums. Key served markets include cellular LTE/Wi-Fi communications and networking and server/big data analytics.
As a consultant, Fawzi has been supporting public safety projects based on risk management approach. The focus is in the areas of communications and networking for emergency command and control, radio, data networking, and video surveillance. Fawzi also collaborates with other consortium members and suppliers in defining turnkey integrated solutions-based geographic information system/global positioning system GIS/GPS and following international standards for Fire Fighter Cover Safety Plan.
As a senior member of IEEE and the Chair of IEEE Communications and Signal Processing Joint chapters in Austin, TX, Fawzi organizes monthly technical seminars, workshop, and outreach programs for the local professionals and academia. He serves as Central Texas PACE chair, NA Distinguished Lecturer/Speaker coordinator, and the Chair of Local Arrangement and Marketing Chair for IEEE International Globecom and leads the automation of PACE program for IEEE USA.
Among other key achievements:
As a Director of strategic marketing with Motorola/Freescale in the United States, Fawzi developed wireless technology positioning and market trends for products and solutions. He articulated value proposition in supporting scalable broadband traffic, multicore, multi-threading SoC – System on a chip, scalable input/output, and scalable security for diverse markets. Fawzi led networking working group at International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) in defining networking platform vision and roadmap for the next 15 years, which was issued as a part of ITRS publication.
As a senior product and solution manager with Nortel Networks, Fawzi defined Intelligent building structured wiring, Internet-based LAN – local area network product management, IP – Broadband services node switch/router product for the edge of the network, and product release of Core WAN – wide area network switch. He supported pilot project serving 10 000 clients for a residential broadband services.
As a project and team leader and acting section manager, Fawzi was responsible for defining multi-year, $50 million strategic corporate R&D and Network Management program for Teleglobe, Canada (now TATA Communications). He championed the definition, specification, and development of monitoring, control, and supervisory network management system. The system was implemented for Teleglobe Telecom at local, regional, and national levels. Fawzi led the development of state-of-the-art network control center, which was equipped with graphical real-time display, and LED (light-emitting diode) of world-map identifying facility failure and impact on traffic and services.
Fawzi has been an agent of change at three fronts: Moving from analog world to the digital world in the service provider space, penetrating the enterprise space with rapid acceleration of technology to IP, and embedding intelligence into the semiconductor space.
Fawzi has been active in international forums. As a member of the Canadian Delegation team, Fawzi participated in the development of ITU M.3000 standards for Telecom Management Networks in Geneva.
Fawzi organized over 1000 h of technical sessions and international conferences and held over 250 h of media briefings. He has written and published several white papers and has been a keynote speaker and presenter at several conferences domestically and internationally.
Fawzi holds a Bachelor of Science Honors in Mathematics with Distinction from Concordia University, Masters in Computer Science from Waterloo University, and an Executive MBA from Queens University in Canada. Fawzi was a recipient of the Freescale CEO Diamond Chip Award (2008) and recently an IEEE R5 Outstanding Member Award (2013).
Fawzi Behmann can be reached at Fawzi.behmann@telnetmanagement.com.
Kwok Wu, PhD
Head of Embedded Software and Systems Solutions, Freescale Semiconductor.
Dr. Kwok Wu, an award-winning industry veteran and sought-after speaker, has been awarded 2012 Innovator of the Year by ECD– Embedded Computing Design Magazine for his platform approach to Wireless Smart IOT Gateways.1
In addition, Kwok was awarded the 2011 Innovative Networking Product Award, from the Broadband World Forum with Secured Broadband multi-service Gateway. He was also a recipient of the 2012 Best Networking and Communication Product Award, Smart Metering at Australia, and New Zealand Summit.
Dr. Wu has many years of diverse experience in advanced embedded systems and software. He has delivered high-performance scalable software platforms and products for Freescale’s Power Architecture, ARM, and ZigBee SoCs in the wireless broadband networking, telecommunications, enterprise, consumer, automotive, industrial, smart energy, and health segments.
He has held various executive management positions at AT&T Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technology, Actel, AMD, Lattice, and Freescale Semiconductor. Kwok is a member of the IEEE Computer Society and holds a Treasurer position at the Austin Chapter of IEEE Communications Society, and he holds a PhD, EECS (Computer Engineering) from the University of Texas at Austin.
Kwok Wu, PhD Kwok.Wu@Freescale.comwu.kwok@gmail.comMobile: 1-512-971-5364
1http://embedded-computing.com/articles/2012-solutions-freescale-semiconductor/
Preface
Every day, the market is bombarded with information and news about Internet of Things (IoT). This comes in a variety of forms such as articles, books, seminars, and conferences.
This book deals with the explosion of information on IoT with a simplified visionary approach for the future of IoT. Today, we witness a discrete IoT solution (point solution) within a given vertical market. The focus in the future is a collaborative intelligence that will impact our connected life and businesses. The future or next-generation IoT will be called Collaborative Internet of Things (C-IoT) in this book. The focus is on core concept that has impact on improving the quality of our lives and also improving business efficiency.
This book introduces a simple innovative model for C-IoT and a new way of looking at the market. The C-IoT model, in its simplest form, consists of sensing, gateway, and services. Sensing will tap into what matters, and gateway will add intelligence and connectivity for action to be taken at the local level and/or communicate information to the cloud level. The services will capture information and digest, analyze, and develop insights of ways that help improve quality of lives or improve business operation. Relevant standards and technology enablers will be highlighted for each segment of the model. The model will address both present and future IoT opportunities and provide the reader with clear positioning as to where radio frequency identification (RFID), machine-to-machine (M-M), and others fit in the model.
In addition, this book introduces simplified market segmentation for C-IoT using domains and business applications. The three C-IoT domains are 3Is: Individual, Industrial, and Infrastructure. Individual C-IoT represents smart living covering consumer electronics and wearable devices, smart homes, and smart connected cars. Industry C-IoT is for business efficiency, which covers several markets associated with industry such as smart factory, smart buildings, smart machine, and smart retails. Infrastructure C-IoT represents smart communities and cities for sustainable environment and living, which include public transportation and highways, public safety, disaster management, smart education, and smart health care. Business applications such as Health & Fitness can easily span the three domains: Individual (e.g., wearable devices), Industry (e.g., physicians, labs, and hospitals), and Infrastructure (e.g., FDA, law, and enforcement). Collaborative IoT solutions will impact breaking down the barriers between traditional vertical markets and supply chains as the Internet broke down the geographical barriers.
Gaining insights in each IoT domains will result in driving better results in each business application in that domain. Spanning to other IoT domains creates value for a better strategic decision. Take for example, a smart grid of the future; it is feeding into a network of power distribution connecting cities, businesses, and residential buildings. Having a smart meter in the home not only will help to lower the operating energy costs but also will link to the grid and becomes aware of the environment and opportunities that may result in incremental savings. Similar example can be applied to health care from wearable devices for fitness and health monitoring, connecting to physicians and hospitals for diagnostics and treatments to networking with insurance and government agencies for policy and governance. Another example would be video surveillance for homes, enterprises, and public safety. This book highlights several other use cases including tracking and monitoring using RFID, wireless WiFi, 3G for location tracking, GPS, and so on.
Thus, the C-IoT for the future is a disruptive technology that spans all vertical markets causing convergence and breaking down the barriers.
The core of this book is to highlight a series of cases spanning from the requirements to the solution for present market and business opportunities and to explore future opportunities.
The C-IoT enables convergence of several technologies and consequently impacts the overall architecture of the network. We envision a common software platform for most of the vertical markets, adaptation, and customization through applications and special devices to address the specific needs of a given market. This unified smart C-IoT software platform enables one to build and deploy smart C-IoT product, systems solutions, and services for different vertical markets in a quick time-to-market fashion. This will be described in a later chapter of this book including the 4A’s and 4S’s that characterize smart C-IoT products that would facilitate delivery of Internet of Service (IOS). The 4A’s stand for Automated Remote Provisioning and Management, Augmented Reality, Awareness of Context and Location, Analyze, and Take Action, Automate and Autonomous, and Anticipate. The 4S’s stand for Simplicity, Security, Smart, and Scalable. Chapter 3 ends with covering the Secured IoT.
This book provides examples of do-it-yourself (DIY) kits aimed at bringing the concept, approach to hands-on experience that inspires innovative thinking in exploring untapped opportunities that improves the quality of humanity and business efficiency in general.
Finally, this book will address the emerging new wave of new devices such as wearable/mobile and cloud technology (local, public, and inter-cloud), analytics, and social media as key building blocks of collaborative IoT distributed intelligence. This book also examines the Collaborative IoT impact on our digital lives and businesses and some of the future challenges such as privacy and security.
On the long term, we see major technology players such as nanotechnology, 5G–10G, and others as disruptive technology that calls for distributed collaborative intelligence making sensing more intelligent, moving services from edge of the network to be distributed between End sensing node and cloud intelligence, inter-collaborative cloud will remove global barriers and finally solutions and services will also be hosted by a distributed providers (as a result of consolidation among service providers, carriers, etc.).
1Introductions and Motivation
1.1 Introduction
This book will provide the reader with a quick overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) as the next technical revolution of the Internet and address its impact on digital life and business process empowered by emerging Cloud Services. The IOE – Internet of Everything is a DOT (Disruption of Things) and agent of change transforming from Internet of People to Internet of M2M (machine-to-machine) to IoT and IoE. Key benefits include improved business process efficiency, productivity, and quality of digital life. The market demand is moving from reactive on-demand remote monitoring and control (pull model) to more proactive services where the services will identify who you are and deliver what you want and when you want. Services will take on a new form empowered by insights driven from data collected in a given target applications.
This book is targeted to:
Decision Makers, CEOs, CIOs, CTOs, and Senior Executives
Communications and Networking System Architects
Product and Marketing Managers
Software and Hardware Engineers
Consultants, Entrepreneurs, and Startups
Service Providers of content, utility, security, entertainment, and other services
Professors and Students
Hobbyists.
1.2 The Book
1.2.1 Objectives
The objective of this book is to provide a simplified approach to comprehend the IoT innovative business model, value, and the impact it will have over our lives and businesses.
Hence, the objective will be analyzed from two aspects:
Improving quality of our lives
Improving business efficiencies.
Both (1) and (2) will contribute to having better insights that will lead to living in a smart environment and being part of a smart community/smart city.
This book will provide both a simplified and innovative business model for IoT and IoT domains and key applications. In addition, window of opportunities for IoT applications is rapidly growing and this book will address the need for a platform where diverse applications and solution can be developed. Finally, there is a need for system solution to collaborate for better insights and decision-making.
1.2.2 Benefits
It is the hope that this book will be a great reference and a tool for the reader and provide tangible benefits that include:
Prepare the readers to embrace the revolution of Internet Technology with IOT that impact our lives, our business, and the environment we live in.
Understand the evolution of IoT opportunities in terms of key applications that impact our lives, business, or the environment. Examples include Health & Fitness, Smart Building & Home, Video Surveillance, Track & Monitor, Smart Factor/Manufacturing, Smart Energy, and others.
Comprehend the simplified approach to IoT Business Model consisted of Sensing, Gateway, and Services. Understand landscape of technologies and standards that enable creation of innovative time-to-market solutions and systems.
Describe technologies and protocols that directly relate to IoT for IoT Architecture model (Physical, Virtual, and Cloud). Examples:
Physical
. Sensors, radio frequency identification (RFID), micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), wireless sensor networks (WSN), global positioning system (GPS), ZigBee, near field communication (NFC), Wi-Fi, and 3G/4G
Virtual
. Software Defined anything (SDx), network functions virtualization (NFV), IPv4/IPv6, geographic information system (GIS), and body area network (BAN)/local area network (LAN)/wide area network (WAN) (body area network/local area network/wide area network)
Cloud
. Big Data/Analytics.
Acquire deeper the understanding with series of requirements of key applications and how they are implemented.
Leverage a smart IoT platform approach to facilitate the development of applications and enable communications among systems and solutions in a collaborative manner (C-IoT). Smart IoT as characterized by the 8A’s stand for Automated Remote Provisioning and Management, Augmented Reality, Awareness of Context and Location, Analyze, Take Action, Automate, Anticipate, Predict, Autonomous, and Attractive. The 7S’s stand for Simplicity, Security, Safety, Smart, Scalable, Sustainable, and Sleek Appeal.
Acquire deeper understanding of Secured IoT products and systems. Provide examples and tips for do-it-yourself (DIY) IoT solution.
Make the reader aware of future challenges facing IoT.
Inspire the reader to think and innovate on unlimited IoT opportunities by sharing examples of future trends.
1.2.3 Organization
This chapter introduces a simple innovative model for Collaborative Internet of Things (C-IoT) and a new way of looking at the market via domains and applications. The book introduces simplified segmentation for C-IoT consisting of three domains: Individual, Industrial, and Infrastructure. Applications/Solutions/Systems can impact Individual, Industry, or Infrastructure or all. The C-IoT model in its simplest form consists of sensing, gateway, and services. Gaining insights from application/solution/system will result in driving better results in each domain. Spanning applications/solutions/systems to more than one domain create a higher value for a better strategic decision.
The core of this book will highlight a series of cases spanning from the requirements to the solution for present market and business opportunities and exploring future opportunities.
Chapter 2 describes the landscape of C-IoT and highlights relevant technologies and standards of the C-IoT model. In addition, it illustrates the application requirements by selecting some of the C-IoT applications spanning one or more of the three domains: Individual, Industry, and Infrastructure.
Chapter 3 describes the implementation of some C-IoT applications progressively from personal consumer to home to industrial (business) and smart city (infrastructure and communities) levels to deliver sustainable smart living and smart environment that help optimize business process efficiency and improve quality of life.
Chapter 4 describes the need for a unified smart C-IoT software platform that enables one to build and deploy smart C-IoT product, systems solutions, and services for different vertical markets in a quick time-to-market fashion. This will be described including the 4A’s and 4S’s that characterize smart C-IoT products. The 4A’s stand for Awareness of Context and Location, Analyze, and Take Action, Automate and Autonomous, and Anticipate. The 4S’s stand for Simplicity, Security, Smart, and Scalable. The chapter ends with covering the Secured IoT.
Chapter 5 provides examples of do it yourself (DIY) kits aimed on bringing the concept, approach to hands-on experience that will inspire innovative thinking in exploring untapped opportunities that will improve the quality of humanity, and business efficiency in general.
Chapter 6 addresses the emerging new wave of new devices and technologies such as wearable/mobile and cloud technology (local, public, and inter-cloud), analytics, and social media as key building blocks of C-IoT distributed intelligence. In addition, the chapter examines the C-IoT impact on our digital lives and businesses and some of the future challenges such as privacy and security.
Chapter 7 presents the readers with final remarks and tips to inspire them to innovate and deliver differentiated solution that contributes toward improving quality of lives and improves business processes.
1.2.4 Book Cover
1.2.4.1 Title of the Book
The title is carefully constructed that is depicted by the image on the front cover of this book as well as the brief text in the back cover.
The title reflects the direction of the book focusing on the Future and addressing the need for a C-IoT that represents intelligently interacting and collaborating with current IoT solutions and systems to gain improvement and greater benefits that will have a positive impact on the quality of our lives and our business in terms of process efficiency.
The title can be depicted by two diagrams, which consists of:
C-IoT domains and applications represented by the three circles (Individual, Industry, and Infrastructure) and examples of apps represented by triangles that cross the circles (examples of apps: Health & Fitness, Video Surveillance, Track & Monitor, and Smart Energy).
IoT Model represented by the triangle with three functions (Sensing, Gateway, and Services).
The C-IoT in the title reflects the impact C-IoT has in breaking silos exist today in vertical markets by enabling communications and collaborations of solutions and systems within each market and across IoT domains: Individual (Human), Industry (Business), and Infrastructure (Government/smart city).
C-IoT impacts Individual, Industry, and Infrastructure and contributes in improving quality of life and/or improves business operational efficiencies.
On the Individual C-IoT, a consumer is interested in buying a Nest thermostat because it saves energy without the hassle of constantly tweaking the thermostat by hand. A consumer is interested in fitness trackers such as Fitbit or Jawbone UP because visualizing the progress reinforces the behaviors that will make him or her fitter and view and act on video surveillance that is triggered by detecting a presence of a potential intruder.
On the Industrial C-IoT, Internet solution providers (spearheaded by GE), focus on making industrial processes more efficient. For example, Industrial sensors for machines can be used to reduce the downtime, saving money. Business owner (referred here as CIO) can view information on the fly from anywhere using, for example, mobile device and conduct other queries and scenarios and then make a decision.
On the Infrastructure IoT side, we see many initiatives on selling technology to city administrations that improves the operations of lighting, parking, water supply, garbage collection, and improve city data networks.
1.2.4.2 Walkthrough Example
C-IoT solution spans sensing, gateway, and services represented by the vertical line within the triangle (also referred to as a point solution). C-IoT is intelligently connecting two point solutions within the triangle. For example, connecting iWatch to not only manage health and fitness but also control remotely video surveillance at home or open/close garage door, or adjust temperature as person enter the home or car, and so on.
Imagine the following scenario: an elderly lady wearing an iWatch and she fell on the ground and broke her legs at home. She also had food being cooked on the stove but cannot reach it and shut it off. With C-IoT solution, automatic scan of video images and other sensors around her will generate multiple alerts that will be transmitted in real time to EMS (emergency medical services). EMS personnel will diagnose remotely the situation and based on assessment, other alert may be sent to fire department and police to protect the house from potential risk being caught on fire. With a severe condition of broken legs, EMS will send alert to a hospital closer to the home of the elderly. EMS, Police, and Fire vehicle will be dispatched finding the shortest path and interacting with smart street poles to reach the home of the elderly. With smart poles, First Responders will have access to change the traffic light, send messages to all vehicles on along the path to clear the road. And real time alert will be sent to the utility company to turn off the stove remotely.
We can see clearly from this example of a collaborative – IoT solution impacting three domains: Individual (elderly lady), Industry (Utility, surveillance alarms, hospital/medical services, and insurance), and Infrastructure (EMS, Police, and Fire). The end result is efficiency, faster services, which leads to an improved quality of livings, safety, and operational efficiency.
1.2.5 Impact of C-IoT
IoT is bringing a new level of coverage and information that were not possible before due to technological advancement and scalability DOT. IoT via variety of sensors will increase smartness and intelligence of information gathering that will impact a better decision and results.
We have embarked into the next era of technology evolution, after PC-era and post mobile-era. With the rapid evolution of mobile applications and generation of big data, there will be need for series of analysis to make sense of the data and present the user with factual and filtered information so that sound informed decision can be taken and communicated. This level of communicating quality results will open the window to a new level of smart communication that will lead to a collaborative networking supported by social media and break down barriers for global and effective and intelligent global communications.
IoT will enable convergence of several technologies and consequently will impact the overall architecture of the network so that we envision a common architecture platform for most of the vertical markets and adaptation and customization through applications and special devices to address the specific needs of a given market. This in turn will accelerate time-to-market of applications and services in many markets.
The impact is huge in terms of explosive growth of Internet traffic, increase of broadband speed, and the emergence of multimedia class of applications. This has led to the migration from client/server to cloud computing and services.
The future calls for a better insights not only through Compute engine for data processing, but also with analyzing workflows, advanced analytics, stream processing, and business intelligence that is GPS-based and visual analytics that is GIS-based. This helps in improving judgment and speed process of taking a better decision.
Security has become and remains to be a key challenge to secure access of content at anytime and anywhere.
We can see users equipped with remote access and control capabilities to manage the home environment (energy, safety, and security). This will contribute toward improve efficiency, reduce stress, and improve quality of life. In the area of health and wellness, consumer will have access to gadgets and devices that help track indicators about their physical condition and well-being so that a proper proactive course of action can be taken.
For example, when buy a car you have the option to activate smart services after purchase. Not sure if you want the model with the turbo? No problem, we offer a telematics service where additional muscle can be delivered to your vehicle when you need it and turned off when you do not. That is IoT meets cloud and mobile – the convergence of disruptive technologies doing what they do best: rewriting the traditional business rulebook.
Of course, it is easy to scoff at these examples, but are they really so crazy? Today there are real-world cases where savvy businesses are disrupting markets with practical applications in our connected world.
Take, for example, a UK company called Insurethebox. This business has developed a telematics device that can be fitted to a car to monitor driving behaviors. Insurethebox has wrapped the hardware with software and services that allow customers to purchase insurance according to the number of miles they expect to drive in a year and then monitor usage from a personal portal. Furthermore, if they drive safely they will be rewarded with bonus miles that help keep their premiums down. That is the IoT meets cloud meets gamification – again, highly disruptive.
What is exciting about examples such as Insurethebox is not so much the technology, but the opportunities created. The telematics hardware is only a means to an end, the real deal is the additional monitoring apps, APIs (application programming interfaces), and services, which when taken all together allow the company to deliver new and compelling value.
Collectively, the Smart Connected Digital Life (Smart Home, Office, Factories, Hospitalities, Transports, etc.) will contribute to a better quality of life, greater business efficiency, and new venues to generate revenue. This book will touch upon many of the services that can now be integrated in the Smart Connected Digital Life.
C-IoT with collection and processing of data can provide insights, which will lead to an improvement:
For an individual living in a smart home, when he opens the door, an action will automatically disarm the alarm.
For a transport industry, when driving a smart car, a collision is detected by a Bluetooth dongle reading vehicle data and automatically calls the emergency services.
For a smart city, with smart parking meters, the sensors embedded in road surface can help find an empty spot and enable you to park quickly without frustration.
The combination of cyber-physical and social data can help us to understand events and changes in our surrounding environments better, monitor and control buildings, homes and city infrastructures, provide better healthcare and elderly care services among many other applications. To make efficient use of the physical-cyber-social data, integration and processing of data from various heterogeneous sources is necessary. Providing interoperable information representation and extracting actionable knowledge from deluge of human and machine sensory data are the key issues. We refer to the new computing capabilities needed to exploit all these types of data to enable advanced applications as physical-cyber-social computing.
1.2.6 Summary
The Internet has broken many physical barriers connecting people, companies, and communities of interests worldwide representing different markets.
Sensors generate data, data produces knowledge, knowledge drives action. Thus, making sense of the data that those devices generate creates the real value for users.
The introduction of smartphones has generated a wide acceptance and adoption by business, consumer and general population. Today, we see high growth in mobile traffic than landline. Increase longer life battery, introduction of tablets and growth of ecosystem for mobile applications will cause a gradual decline in the growth of PCs and rapid end of life of desktop equipment.
Miniaturization, progress with energy issues and cost reductions have resulted in rapid growth in deployment of networked devices and sensing, tightly connecting the physical world with the cyber-world as well as interconnected humans bringing along them virtual social interactions.
The scalability of Internet, advancement of wireless technology, accelerated growth of mobility, introduction of wearable devices, lower cost of sensing technology, lower cost of embedded computing, advancement of storage technology and cloud computing and services and the emergence of the area of analytics provide a perfect storm to the IoT across many markets. With C-IoT, more data are captured, tracked, analyzed in relation to relevant data from other applications that will be reviewed for taking a better and informed decision.
The number of devices connected to the Internet already exceeds the number of people on earth and is estimated ranges from 50 to 200 billion devices by 2020. The resulting system called IoT incorporates a number of technologies including WSN, pervasive computing, ambient intelligence, distributed systems, and context-aware computing. With growing adoption of smartphones and social media, citizens or human-in-the-loop sensing and resulting user-generated data and data generated by user-carried devices have also become key sources of data and information about the physical world and corresponding events. Data from all these sources will result in tremendous volume, large variety, and rapid changes (velocity).
The big data is not as in the past consists of numerical data and taking into account the internal of an organization but rather consists of a host of data from diverse sources and of all types – audio, video clips, social media and other forms spanning the internal, the environment and social culture and of course the supply chain.
Such information was not feasible before but thanks to technological advancement and IoT to sense more data that were passive objects. As a matter of fact, Big Data is becoming a potential gold mine and a great business to the point that contrasting to Big Data, a new category called small massive data is emerging providing a focused prospective to make decision and drive innovation and strive for a better quality of life. Thus, the CIO may be traditionally applied to Enterprise, but in the context of this book, with the introduction of IoT model, IoT platform to drive IoT innovative services, CIO is applied to all vertical markets small or large and furthermore, applied to IoT Services addressing the total supply chain for vertical market and crossing multiple vertical market in offering new class of IoT services that were not envisaged before.
With C-IoT, billions of devices and sensors, all communicating through the cloud and all feeding into a massive analytics solution to provide a complete picture of the individual or business, processes, and customers will be coming together.
Extracting value from your data requires integration of disparate tools. The challenge is to dramatically simplify big data processing and free users to focus on turning data into value with a hosted platform and an initial set of applications built around common workflows.
The C-IoT has the capability to collect and analyze feedback, report it to decision makers, enable them to take the appropriate action, and provide an analysis as to how well the actions taken worked.
The C-IoT can enable marketers to measure actual behavior in real-time rather than process-biased answers to unwanted or inadequate survey questions.
The C-IoT calls for delivering a Dashboard that allows CIO and user to visualize and get insights of big data in a graphical GIS-based form and relevantly located based on GPS. Interaction can be via mobile portable or wearable device phasing away from other traditional type of two-way communications.
This book describes IoT business consisting of three layers: sensing, gateways, and services. The definition is expanding from Internet of people, to IoT and now IoE. We are tapping into millions of objects that matter and bring them to Internet for tracking and extracting value that can bring a new dimension of information that was not possible before.
This book will assist the readers by providing supplementary material including case studies and code examples empowering a new level of collaborative innovation and creativity.
1.3 C-IoT Terms of References
This book introduces simplified and innovative concepts. This section provides definition and description of these concepts.
1.3.1 Introduction
1.3.1.1 IoT Landscape
The concept of IoT is not new. There are many early-IoT examples in the field of industrial control, process control, and telecommunication.
Fawzi Behmann, the coauthor of this book, was exposed to the concept of IoT in the late 1980s and early 1990s when he led a team of architects and developers into the design and implementation of a first computerized telecom alert system for a global carrier telecom facilities conforming to ITU TMN– Telecommunications Management Network Standards M.3000. The system that consists of network of computers provides three functions: Real time monitoring of equipment and systems, control based on fault analysis, provisioning, and performance, and supervisory of assessing impact on traffic and quality of services. Facilities alarms were monitored in real time via data acquisition systems with hundreds of digital and analog points identifying change of status or crossing defined limits. Such a change could have minor or major impact on traffic and services, which could have resulted in activating control options such as traffic rerouting. The system had built-in security including user access, functional access, and device and location information. Figure 1.1 illustrates an example of early-IoT deployment in the late 1980s and early 1990s with the emerging IoT in the 2010s.
Figure contrasts the early adoption of IoT with today’s emerging IoT. For example, applications implemented in the 1980s used private lines and private networks where as today, Virtual Private Networks and wireless technologies are used. Back then, computer networks were more expensive with a limited performance, memory and storage. User interface was typically a CRT (cathode ray tube). Today, however, systems are more powerful, less expensive, and come with higher capacity memory, higher storage capacity and wireless connectivity supporting diverse user interface devices and digital monitors [1].
Figure 1.1 Contrast between early and current IoT Functional Model
With the advent of Internet and advancement of enabling technologies for sensing, microcontroller, connectivity, and storage of big data, Solutions and services are taking on new meaning depending on where we are in the current IoT deployment and extracting value from the data collected. Although, sensing devices and control may provide an immediate and local value that can benefit individuals, small businesses and contribute to operational efficiency of enterprise, but sharing the data at a larger scale can benefit multiple vertical markets and can then generate a much bigger value to many large entities. Take, for example, wearable devices for fitness and health monitoring, they are of immediate benefits to individuals, but if a person pay visit to a physician that may end up in medication and being in the hospital, this would involve physicians, hospitals, insurance coverage, prescription, and a host of other agencies. If they are interconnected and patient data is respected for privacy, a consolidation and consistency of data will now emerge. The person has ultimate access to all the data being collected, trends can be generated (connecting the dots), a faster service can be offered since authorized agencies have access and share the data. Insurance agency can respond if the prescribed medication is covered, and less headache on the part of the patient to deal with each of these agencies as before and a better resolution.
We start witnessing an emergence of a new level of services, some being offered by a utility company, some by a transport car services, others by a carrier (MVNO).
It becomes a question that has control or influence on critical technology, infrastructure, and ability to collaborate with other entities to develop a new class of services.
1.3.1.2 IoT and Internet of Everything (IoE)
We are currently experiencing the IoT, where millions of new devices are regularly being connected to the Internet. As these “things” add capabilities such as context awareness, increased processing power, and energy independence, and as more people and new types of information are connected, we will quickly enter the IoE, where things that were silent will have a voice.
