Community-Based Participatory Research for Health E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1063

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

Minkler and Wallerstein have pulled together a fantastic set of contributions from the leading researchers in the field. In addition to a fine collection of case studies, this book puts the key issues for researchers and practitioners in a historical, philosophical, and applied, practical context

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

List of Tables

Table of Figures

Table of Exhibits

THE EDITORS

Dedication

THE CONTRIBUTORS

Acknowledgments

PART 1 - INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH

THE GROWING SUPPORT FOR CBPR

SEMANTICS AND CORE PRINCIPLES

CBPR AND THE FIGHT TO ELIMINATE HEALTH DISPARITIES

GOALS OF THIS BOOK: CONTINUING CONCERNS AND NEW EMPHASES

ORGANIZATION OF THIS BOOK

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 2 - THE THEORETICAL, HISTORICAL, AND PRACTICE ROOTS OF CBPR

HISTORICAL ROOTS

CORE CONCEPTS AND NEW THEORIES

FEMINISM, POSTSTRUCTURALISM, AND POSTCOLONIALISM

PAULO FREIRE AND PRAXIS

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 3 - CRITICAL ISSUES IN DEVELOPING AND FOLLOWING CBPR PRINCIPLES

CBPR DEFINITION AND KEY PRINCIPLES

ISSUES IN DEVELOPING AND FOLLOWING CBPR PRINCIPLES

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

NOTES

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 4 - BRINGING EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TO COMMUNITY-PARTNERED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH

USING CPPR AS A FRAMEWORK

THE FIT BETWEEN DESIGNS AND PROJECTS

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN LESSONS FROM THE BUILDING WELLNESS PILOT

APPLYING THE LESSONS: CPIC

THE ROAD AHEAD FOR CPIC

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

PART 2 - POWER, TRUST, AND DIALOGUE

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 5 - THE DANCE OF RACE AND PRIVILEGE IN CBPR

FRAMEWORK OF OPPRESSION AND RACISM

TRANSLATING CULTURE

WHITE PRIVILEGE

BUILDING ALLIANCES ACROSS DIFFERENCES

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 6 - ARE ACADEMICS IRRELEVANT?

OPTIONS FOR THE ACADEMIC

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE ACADEMIC

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 7 - CBPR WITH CAMBODIAN GIRLS IN LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA

ACRJ AND THE HOPE PROJECTS

SETTING THE STAGE FOR PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH

IDENTIFYING SEXUAL HARASSMENT AS AN ISSUE

RESEARCHING THE PROBLEM

MOVING INTO ACTION

KHMER GIRLS IN ACTION: A YOUTH-LED ORGANIZATION IS BORN

LESSONS LEARNED

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 8 - CBPR WITH A HIDDEN POPULATION

THE TRANSGENDER COMMUNITY AND THE CBPR STUDY

PROJECT IMPACT OVER TEN YEARS

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

PART 3 - SELECTING ISSUES AND EVALUATING OUTCOMES WITH COMMUNITIES

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 9 - COMMUNITY-DRIVEN ASSET IDENTIFICATION AND ISSUE SELECTION

CORE PRINCIPLES AND CONSIDERATIONS

TOOLS FOR IDENTIFYING COMMUNITY RESOURCES AND ISSUES

ISSUE SELECTION IN CBPR

WHEN PREEXISTING GOALS CONSTRAIN ISSUE SELECTION

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 10 - USING WEB-BASED TOOLS TO BUILD CAPACITY FOR CBPR

INTRODUCTION TO CASE STUDIES

CASE 1: HEALTHY NATIVE COMMUNITIES FELLOWSHIP

CASE 2: JUST MOVE IT

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 11 - USING PHOTOVOICE FOR PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT AND ISSUE SELECTION

BACKGROUND AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT

A PHOTOVOICE CASE STUDY FROM A COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT

REFLECTING ON VALUE ADDED

RECOMMENDATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 12 - ISSUES IN PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION

WHAT IS EVALUATION?

WHAT IS PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION?

USE OF PE IN COMMUNITY HEALTH

PE ISSUES IN COMMUNITY HEALTH PROMOTION

YOUTH LINK CASE STUDY

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

PART 4 - METHODOLOGICAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING AND CONDUCTING CBPR

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 13 - ISSUES AND CHOICE POINTS FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF ACTION RESEARCH

BROADENING THE BANDWIDTH OF VALIDITY

TOWARD A PARTICIPATORY WORLDVIEW

CHOICE POINTS FOR ACTION RESEARCH

EMERGENT INQUIRY TOWARD ENDURING CONSEQUENCE

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 14 - IMPACTS OF CBPR ON ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS, RESEARCH QUALITY AND ...

METHODS

IMPACTS OF CBPR ON METHODOLOGY AND PROCESSES

IMPACTS ON RESEARCH QUALITY

IMPACTS ON POWER RELATIONS

DISCUSSION

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 15 - METHODOLOGICAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN COMMUNITY-DRIVEN ...

EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA SNAPSHOT

CASE 1: INDUSTRIALIZED HOG PRODUCTION

CASE 2: DISCRIMINATION IN DISASTER RELIEF

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 16 - ANALYZING AND INTERPRETING DATA WITH COMMUNITIES

CASE 1: SURVEY DATA FROM THE EAST SIDE VILLAGE HEALTH WORKER PARTNERSHIP

CASE 2: FOCUS GROUP DATA FROM A LATINO MEN’S SOCCER LEAGUE

CASE 3: MAPPING DATA IN THE WATCHPERSON PROJECT AND EL PUENTE

LESSONS LEARNED

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

NOTE

REFERENCES

PART 5 - USING CBPR TO PROMOTE SOCIAL CHANGE AND HEALTHY PUBLIC POLICY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 17 - THE ROLE OF CBPR IN POLICY ADVOCACY

THE POLICYMAKING PROCESS

DEFINING AND FRAMING A POLICY GOAL

SELECTING A POLICY APPROACH

IDENTIFYING A TARGET

SUPPORT, POWER, AND OPPOSITION

POLICY PROCESS STAGES AND CBPR OPPORTUNITIES

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 18 - USING CBPR TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE POLICY

CASE BACKGROUND

RESEARCH METHODS, ROLES, AND FINDINGS

DISCUSSION

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 19 - PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH WITH HOTEL ROOM CLEANERS IN SAN ...

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

RESEARCH PARTNERS’ ROLES AND CONCERNS

DEFINING TOPICS AND ENHANCING PARTICIPATION

DESIGNING AND PILOT-TESTING THE SURVEY

SELECTING THE SAMPLE POPULATIONS

PLANNING OUTREACH AND LOGISTICS

ANALYZING THE DATA

STUDY FINDINGS

TRANSLATING FINDINGS INTO ACTION

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 20 - ADDRESSING FOOD SECURITY THROUGH POLICY PROMOTING STORE CONVERSIONS

FOOD INSECURITY

THE CBPR PARTNERSHIP

LEJ PARTNERSHIP’S POLICY STEPS

LOCAL POLICY-RELATED OUTCOMES

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

KEY TERMS

REFERENCES

PART 6 - NEXT STEPS AND STRATEGIES FOR THE FUTURE OF CBPR

CHAPTER 21 - WHAT PREDICTS OUTCOMES IN CBPR?

STUDY BACKGROUND

LITERATURE SEARCH

ASSESSING DIMENSIONS OF PARTICIPATION AND PARTNERSHIP

FINAL MODEL AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DIMENSIONS

MEASUREMENT ISSUES

SUMMARY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

NOTES

REFERENCES

APPENDIXES

NAME INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX

Table of Figures

FIGURE 4.1 Witness for Wellness Logo

FIGURE 4.2 Conceptual Framework for Community Partners in Care Source: Bluthenthal et al., 2006.

FIGURE 7.1 The Power Flower

FIGURE 10.1 Medicine Wheel, which honors the four directions of Native traditions

FIGURE 13.1 Characteristics of Action Research

FIGURE 13.2 Dimensions of a Participatory Worldview

FIGURE 16.1 Toxic Avenger’Skulls Map

FIGURE 17.1 Model of the Public Policymaking Process in the United States: Policy Modification Phase

FIGURE 20.1 Products Sold in Eleven Corner Stores in Bayview Hunters Point in June 2002

FIGURE 21.1 Conceptual Logic Model of Community-Based Participatory Research: Processes to Outcomes

FIGURE D.1 Framework for Collaborative Public Health Action in Communities

FIGURE D.2 Cumulative Community and System Changes (Such as New Programs or Policies) Facilitated by a Hypothetical Coalition, and Associated Critical Events and Processes

FIGURE D.3 Possible Association of the Unfolding of Community and System Changes and Improvement in Population-Level Outcomes.

FIGURE K.1 Power Mapping

List of Tables

TABLE 12.1 Differences Between Conventional Evaluation and Participatory Evaluation

TABLE 12.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of External and Internal Evaluators

TABLE 14.1 DICPP CBPR Partnerships Focused on Environmental Justice

TABLE 16.1 summary of Case Examples

TABLE 19.1 Key Findings from Hotel Room Cleaner Studies, by City

TABLE 20.1 Good Neighbor Program Incentives for Corner Store Merchants

TABLE 21.1 Literature Review Databases and Inclusion Criteria

TABLE G.1 Alternate Ways of Addressing the Issues Covered by Current Protocol Forms

TABLE H.1 Twelve-Phase Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board Review and Approval Processes

Table of Exhibits

EXHIBIT 6.1 An Organizer’s Recommendations for Academics

EXHIBIT 12.1 Steps in Participatory Evaluation

EXHIBIT 16.1 Lessons Learned from Working with Communities to Analyze and Interpret Findings

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THE EDITORS

MEREDITH MINKLER, DrPH, MPH, is professor and chair of health and social behavior at the School of Public Health, University of California (UC), Berkeley, where she was also founding director of the UC Center on Aging. She has more than thirty years’ experience in working with underserved communities on community-identified issues through community building, community organizing, and community-based participatory research (CBPR). Her current research interests include documenting the impacts of CBPR on public policy, partnering with local community groups in CBPR efforts, and national studies of racial and ethnic disparities in disability among older adults. Minkler is coauthor or editor of seven books and more than one hundred and fifty articles and book chapters in community-based participatory research, community health education, health promotion, community organizing, and critical gerontology. Her books including Forgotten Caregivers: Grandmothers Raising Children of the Crack Cocaine Epidemic (with Kathleen M. Roe, 1993), Critical Perspectives on Aging (with Carroll L. Estes, 1991), and the edited volume Community Organizing and Community Building for Health (2nd edition, 2005).

NINA WALLERSTEIN, DrPH, MPH, is professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine (DFCM) and was the founding director of the MPH Program at the University of New Mexico. She currently directs the Center for Participatory Research in the DFCM’s and vice president’s Office of Community Health’s Institute for Public Health, and is co-director of the developing Community Engagement Research unit of the Clinical Translational Science Center. For over thirty years she has been involved in empowerment and popular education and in participatory research with youths, women, tribes, and underserved communities in the United States and in Latin America. She is author, coauthor, or editor of six health and adult education books, including Problem-Posing at Work: Popular Educator’s Guide (with Elsa Auerbach, 2004); an empowerment curriculum for the Americas (in Spanish and Portuguese); and over 100 articles and book chapters on intervention research, adolescent health, alcohol prevention, healthy communities, and empowerment, including materials for the WHO health evidence network (http://www.euro.who.int/HEN/Syntheses/empowerment/20060119_10). Her current research focuses on community capacity development in tribal communities, culturally centered translational research, and the study of participation and partnership processes in creating effective community-based participatory research outcomes.

To the memory of three remarkable human beings who inspired us and gave without measure:

Michael Wallerstein, Roy Minkler, and Donald H. Minkler

THE CONTRIBUTORS

JO MARIE AGRIESTI is a leading representative with UNITE HERE in Chicago. She has over thirty-five years of experience in the labor movement and was instrumental in initiating national work and health initiatives focusing on room cleaners.

ALEX J. ALLEN III is vice president of community planning and research at Isles, Inc. He provides leadership for Isles’ community-based participatory neighborhood planning, facilitating neighborhood planning processes that involve community stakeholders in collectively addressing land use, transportation, service delivery, and other vital community issues. He also provides direction for community-based participatory research that supports, evaluates, gains a better understanding of communities, and measures the impact of Isles’ work.

ROBERT E. ARONSON, DrPH, MPH, is associate professor in the Department of Public Health Education at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. He currently serves as vice chair of the Greensboro Health Disparities Collaborative.

JENNIFER AVERILL, RN, PhD, is associate professor of nursing at the University of New Mexico. Her clinical and research interests include health care issues and access for multicultural elders (especially in isolated rural areas), community partnership models for making change in the health care system, and critical ethnographic research aimed at engaging community members in the problem-solving process.

MAGDALENA M. AVILA, DrPH, is assistant professor in the Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico College of Education. Her work and research are focused on social justice, community health and health equities, and social determinants of health. She is a coauthor of the landmark principles of environmental justice, developed in 1991 during the Summit on Environmental Racism.

ARI MAX BACHRACH has been doing public health, harm reduction, and HIV research work with marginalized communities in San Francisco since 1996. He is currently studying in the City College of San Francisco Nursing Program and will soon receive his RN degree.

ANDREA CORAGE BADEN, MPH, is a consultant with Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, assisting schools and programs of public health to enhance their capacity to collaborate with communities around reducing racial and ethnic health disparities. She is currently completing her doctorate in medical sociology at University of California, San Francisco, with a research focus on environmental justice, health inequities, and community-academic collaboration.

QUINTON E. BAKER is principal consultant with QE Baker Associates, providing consulting services to community-based organizations and other agencies and organizations in the public and nonprofit sectors. He also serves as associate investigator with the Division of Public Health and the Center for the Advancement of Collaborative Strategies in Health of the New York Academy of Medicine.

ROBIN BAKER, MPH, is a health educator with more than thirty years’ experience in the occupational health field. She is director of the Labor Occupational Health Program at the University of California, Berkeley, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, in the School of Public Health. She is an advocate for effective, action-oriented worker education and leadership.

BEVERLY BECENTI-PIGMAN is the current chair of the Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board (NNHRRB) (www.nnhrrb.navajo.org). She is a wife, a mother, a grandmother, and a respected member of the Chinle, Arizona, local Chapter House, the local unit of governance on the Navajo Nation. She was formally a tribal judge and deeply understands and treasures Native sovereignty and self-governance of tribal research.

ADAM B. BECKER, PhD, MPH, received his PhD degree from the University of Michigan School of Public Health. He has used community-based participatory research to examine and address the impact of stressful community conditions on the health of women raising children, youth violence prevention, and the impact of the social and physical environment on physical activity. He is currently executive director of the Consortium to Lower Obesity in Chicago Children (CLOCC).

LORENDA BELONE, MPH, is a member of the Navajo Nation and currently a PhD candidate in the University of New Mexico (UNM) Department of Communication and Journalism, with a health communication concentration. She is a Robert Wood Johnson Fellow and also a research scientist with the UNM MPH program. She has worked on several National Institutes of Health and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention capacity research projects with Native American communities of the Southwest.

BEA BOWMAN is administrator of the Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board. She has worked with the NNHRRB for over five years and is responsible for organizing the NNHRRB agenda and meetings.

HILARY BRADBURY, PhD, is a writer, researcher, business consultant, educator, and journal editor. Her work focuses on the human and organizational dimensions of sustainable development. She is research associate professor and director of Sustainable Business Programs at the University of Southern California’s Center for Sustainable Cities. She can be reached at [email protected].

VICTORIA BRECKWICH VÁSQUEZ, MPH, MA, DrPH, is a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley, and currently works as chief of the Community Health Action & Assessment Section in the City of Berkeley Public Health Division. Her academic and practice interests are in Latino health issues, international community development, and community engagement and strategic partnerships to eliminate health inequities.

LELAND BROWN, MPH, was founder and director of the Global Bridges Group, which assists public agencies and private corporations in improving community and customer services and internal processes and relationships. He worked internationally on relief efforts and health improvement in Thailand and Nicaragua, and consulted widely in the United States on change processes, the business case for diversity, and community health initiatives. He received his graduate degree in health planning and policy from the University of California, Berkeley, and was credentialed as a project management professional. His untimely death in early 2008 was deeply felt by his large circle of family, friends, and admirers around the world.

MARIANNE P. BROWN, MPH, was director of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Labor Occupational Safety and Health Program for twenty years and has twenty-nine years of experience in workplace health and safety. She has written many workplace health and safety articles published in journals, books, and the popular press.

MARGARET CARGO, PhD, is senior lecturer in health promotion, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia. She has been doing participatory research with vulnerable populations for fifteen years. Her research focuses on assessing the governance of participatory partnerships and accounting for context and implementation in the evaluation of participatory interventions.

SUZANNE B. CASHMAN, ScD, is associate professor and director of community health in the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. Formally trained in health services research, evaluation, and administration, she has spent thirty years conducting evaluation research, teaching graduate courses in public health, and developing partnerships aimed at helping communities improve their health status. Prior to her faculty appointment, she spent a decade in community-oriented primary care at the Carney Hospital and the Center for Community Responsive Care, both in Boston.

VIVIAN CHÁVEZ, DrPH, MPH, is associate professor in the Department of Health Education at San Francisco State University. Her scholarship is partially informed by her standpoint as a woman of color and concerns the mind-body divide, community organizing, and global health. She is a coeditor of Prevention Is Primary: Strategies for Community Well-Being (Jossey-Bass, 2007).

ANN CHEATHAM-ROJAS, PhD, is a consultant who works with social justice organizations and was formerly research coordinator at Asians and Pacific Islanders for Reproductive Health (APIRH). Cheatham has worked on social change issues using popular education, participatory action research, epidemiology, and organizing with Southeast Asian girls in California, with farmworkers and day laborers in Ohio and California, and with other communities in California.

KRISTEN CLEMENTS-NOLLE, PhD, MPH, is associate research professor at the University of Nevada, Reno Department of Health Ecology. She received her master of public health degree in behavioral sciences and her PhD degree in epidemiology from the University of California, Berkeley. She formerly worked as an epidemiologist for the San Francisco Department of Public Health, conducting HIV research with hard-to-reach populations, and she emphasizes participatory research approaches to epidemiological and evaluation studies.

NETTIE COAD is executive director of the Partnership Project in North Carolina. She is also a resource trainer for the People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond and serves on a broad array of community boards. Coad has been a leader and organizer in her Greensboro neighborhood for over twenty-eight years, serving eight terms as president of the board for her neighborhood association.

JASON CORBURN, PhD, is assistant professor in the Department of City and Regional Planning and a member of the Global Metropolitan Studies initiative at the University of California, Berkeley. His research focuses on the links between environmental health and social justice in cities, notions of expertise in science-based policy making, and the role of local knowledge in addressing community-based environmental and public health problems. Corburn’s book Street Science: Community Knowledge and Environmental Health Justice (MIT Press, 2005) won the 2007 Paul Davidoff Best Book Award from the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning.

MARK DANIEL, PhD, is professor and Research Chair for Social Epidemiology in the School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide. He has engaged in participatory research with First Nations in Canada and Aboriginal Australians to develop community-directed initiatives for prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. His research focuses on the role of social and built-environment factors in chronic disease, and how to intervene on these issues.

BONNIE DURAN, DrPH, MPH, is associate professor in the Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, and is also a director at the Indigenous Wellness Research Institute. Her research is focused on alcohol, drug, and mental disorder services and prevention, on social determinants such as historical trauma and violence, and also on cultural and spiritual protective factors. She has worked in public health practice, research, and education for over thirty years.

EUGENIA ENG, DrPH, MPH, is professor of health behavior and health education at the University of North Carolina (UNC) and director of the Kellogg Health Scholars Postdoctoral Program at UNC. She has extensive experience in community-based participatory research and is the principal investigator for the Cancer Care and Racial Equity Study (CCARES).

SHELLEY FACENTE, MPH, received her graduate degree from University of California, Berkeley, and now works as coordinator of evaluation and quality assurance for HIV Counseling, Testing, and Linkage for the City of San Francisco. Her past research projects have included community-based research in Amsterdam, the Dominican Republic, and San Francisco.

STEPHANIE ANN FARQUHAR, PhD, is associate professor in the School of Community Health at Portland State University. She works with community organizations and local agencies to address the environmental and structural determinants of health in Oregon.

STEPHEN FAWCETT, PhD, is Kansas Health Foundation Distinguished Professor of Applied Behavioral Science at the University of Kansas. He is also director of the KU Work Group for Community Health and Development, a World Health Organization Collaborating Centre. In his work he uses behavioral science and community development methods to help understand and improve conditions that affect community health and development.

SARAH FLICKER, PhD, is assistant professor with the faculty of environmental studies at York University in Toronto and an Ontario HIV Treatment Network Scholar. Her research interests are in the areas of youth health promotion, HIV, and community-based participatory research. Flicker sits on a number of community boards and believes strongly in community partnerships for research and action.

SHELLEY FRAZIER, MPH, (Navajo), is Dziltl’ahnii, born for Kinlichíi’nii. Her maternal grandparents are Tsin sikaadnii, and her paternal grandparents are Táchii’nii. Frazier is the national Just Move It campaign coordinator for the Indian Health Service Shiprock Health Promotion Program and National Prevention Initiative. She is a key partner in the Healthy Native Communities Fellowship and coordinates a wide variety of activities aimed at building and strengthening healthy families and communities from the local to the national level.

NICHOLAS FREUDENBERG is Distinguished Professor of Public Health at Hunter College, City University of New York, and has worked with community and advocacy organizations in New York City for more than twenty years. His most recent work focuses on public health advocacy campaigns to change corporate practices that harm health.

CHARLES GOETCHIUS is a field director with the California School Employees Association (CSEA). He has spent over thirty years in the labor movement. Prior to joining CSEA, he was a staff director for UNITE HERE, representing room cleaners employed in hotels.

LAWRENCE W. GREEN, DrPH, is adjunct professor in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and leader of the Society, Diversity and Disparities Program at UCSF’s Comprehensive Cancer Center. He was lead author of the original participatory research guidelines while at the University of British Columbia, and he directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office of Science and Extramural Research, where the reliability testing of the guidelines included in this volume was conducted.

ADRIAN GUTA is undertaking PhD studies in the Department of Public Health Sciences at the University of Toronto. His research interests are in the areas of youth, sexual diversity, HIV, research ethics, and community-based participatory research.

J. RICARDO GUZMAN, MSW, MPH, has been CEO for the Community Health & Social Services Center (CHASS) in Detroit for the past twenty-six years. During this period he has increased funding and expanded primary health care services to the uninsured residents of Detroit by increasing the number of federally qualified health centers, and he has received numerous national and local awards for his role in expanding access to culturally and linguistically appropriate health services for the African American and Hispanic communities.

HELEN ANN HALPIN, PhD, MSPH, is professor of health policy and director of the Center for Health and Public Policy Studies at the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. She is also a senior health policy adviser to presidential candidate Barack Obama. Dr. Halpin’s research interests are in increasing access to health insurance, consumer experiences in managed care, and the integration of health promotion and disease prevention services in the U.S. health care system.

TREVOR HANCOCK, MD, is a public health physician and health promotion consultant who has worked for local communities; municipal, provincial, and national governments; health care organizations; and the World Health Organization. The main focus of his work has been in the area of healthy cities and communities, an area he helped to pioneer.

SUSANA HENNESSEY LAVERY, MPH, is a health educator with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Community Health Promotion and Prevention Branch, working on tobacco control, food systems, and community health worker (promotores de salud) efforts. Previously she served as the community health education coordinator at La Clinica de la Raza in Oakland, California.

BARBARA A. ISRAEL, DrPH, MPH, is professor in the Department of Health Behavior and Health Education at the University of Michigan School of Public Health. She has extensive experience conducting community-based participatory research projects in Detroit, Michigan, examining and addressing the social and physical environmental determinants of health inequities.

LORETTA JONES, MA, is founder and executive director of Healthy African American Families (HAAF) II and a community gatekeeper. She has dedicated her entire life to the healing of community and society at large. Her career as a civil rights activist, health policy advocate, and social architect has spanned more than thirty years. In an effort to level the playing field for all people, she continues her unyielding commitment as a change agent against disparities in human health, development, and opportunity.

MARITA JONES, MPH, is field coordinator with the National Prevention Initiative and director of the Healthy Native Communities Fellowship, and also helps to coordinate the Community Wellness Champion Forums with the Indian Health Service. Her passion for learning and connecting with people has led her to work with several communities throughout Indian country and across cultural boundaries. Marita received her MPH degree in community health education and health promotion from Loma Linda University.

NORA JONES is a retired Guilford County secondary school teacher. She is chair of the Partnership Project and a member of the Guilford County Enrichment Board.

PAUL KOEGEL, PhD, is an anthropologist and mental health services researcher, a senior behavioral scientist at the RAND Corporation, and associate director, RAND Health. His research focuses on improving the lives of underserved individuals, with an emphasis on using participatory methods toward that end.

NIKLAS KRAUSE, MD, PhD, MPH, is associate professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, and an occupational epidemiologist with a research focus on the prevention of work-related injury, disability, and chronic musculoskeletal and cardiovascular diseases among ethnically diverse and vulnerable populations.

DANA LANZA, MA, is executive director of the Environmental Grantmakers Association. Earlier, she founded Literacy for Environmental Justice, which brought free urban environmental education projects to more than 10,000 public school students in Bayview Hunters Point and surrounding neighborhoods in San Francisco. Lanza has taught at New College of California and has been a fellow with the Donnella Meadows Leaders Program and with the California Women’s Foundation Policy Institute.

PAM TAU LEE is a health educator with twenty years of experience working with unions, worker centers, joint labor-management committees, and community based organizations. She is a practitioner of popular education and community-based participatory research whose work has made major contributions to improving the working conditions of immigrants and women.

SEAN MCDONALD is a master’s degree candidate at the University of Toronto, currently studying in the Faculty of Information and the Knowledge Media Design Institute. Previously, he was coordinator of communications and knowledge exchange at the Wellesley Institute in Toronto.

KRISTINE MALTRUD, MPH, works with communities and groups as an evaluator and planner. She is committed to the practice of participatory evaluation and research, encouraging the wisdom and expertise that resides in every community. She currently works with American Indian and Alaska Native communities throughout the United States in the areas of leadership development and increasing community capacity. She received her MPH degree from University of California, Berkeley.

AILEEN MEAGHER is a champion for consumer involvement in health care initiatives involving research, programming, and policy development. Her leadership has been instrumental in advancing the inclusion of consumers in community-based research partnerships across a number of urban health issues, including homelessness, mental health, and research ethics. She currently chairs the Community Advisory Panel on Mental Health at St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto.

SHAWNA L. MERCER, PhD, MSc, is director of the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide), at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The Community Guide uses participatory approaches to engage with its intended users in conducting systematic reviews of the effectiveness of community, environmental, population, and health care system interventions in public health. Previously, Mercer was a senior scientist and deputy director of the CDC Office of Science and Extramural Research, where she codeveloped and oversaw a $12 million grant program for community-based participatory prevention research and conducted research and evaluation assessing the value of participatory research for bridging gaps between research and practice.

JAIME MONTAÑO is a Latino community health educator with extensive experience in the development and implementation of individual-level and small-group structural and policy interventions designed to improve sexual outcomes, reduce high-risk drinking, and prevent domestic violence among Latino immigrants. He is particularly experienced in the application of natural helper and lay health approaches using existing social structures, such as soccer leagues. Born in Mexico City, Montaño has worked in community-based participatory health promotion and disease prevention for over ten years.

ANGELA NI is completing her BA degree in political economies of industrialized society at the University of California, Berkeley. She is a research assistant in the School of Public Health as well as a peer adviser in the International and Area Studies department. Ni has studied in China and Taiwan as well as the United States and plans a career that will combine her interests in political science, international studies, and health policy.

R. SCOTT OLDS, PhD, is professor of health promotion at Kent State University. His primary research interests are adolescent and college student substance use prevention. His work employs community-based approaches that coalesce varied groups to marshal resources necessary to effectively respond to this significant public health challenge.

JOHN OETZEL, PhD, is professor and chair in the Department of Communication and Journalism at the University of New Mexico, where he studies the impact of culture on problematic communication in work groups, organizations, and health settings. He is author of over fifty articles and book chapters and author, coauthor, or coeditor of three books: Intercultural Communication: A Layered Approach (in press), Managing Intercultural Communication Effectively (with Stella Ting-Toomey, 2001), and The Sage Handbook of Conflict Communication: Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice (co-edited with Stella Ting-Toomey, 2006).

NANCY “LYNN” PALMANTEER-HOLDER, MEd, (Colville), has over twenty-five years of professional experience in education, community development, and administration in education, health, and human service programs on American Indian reservations. She currently is a doctoral student and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Prevention Research Trainee working with the Center for Indigenous Health Research at the University of Washington’s Indigenous Wellness Research Institute. Her interests include using community-based participatory research to develop social welfare Indian health policy as a tool for health promotion, and ethical approaches to health research on American Indian reservations.

EDITH A. PARKER, DrPH, MPH, is associate professor in the Department of Health Behavior and Health Education at the University of Michigan School of Public Health. Her work focuses on the development, implementation, and evaluation of community-based participatory public health interventions, including the Community Action Against Asthma project and the Detroit Community-Academic Urban Research Center, both focused on Detroit, Michigan.

CHRIS PERCY, MD, is a family practice physician with Northern Navajo Medical Center in Shiprock, New Mexico. He serves multiple roles as director of Community Health Services and as chair of the Indian Health Service Health Promotion Task Force. He has been a champion of communities being in the driver’s seat and of using Navajo traditional philosophies to guide the work of the health promotion program.

CHERI PIES, MSW, DrPH, is director of the Family, Maternal, and Child Health Programs for Contra Costa Health Services. She is also on the faculty of the School of Public Health at the University of California, Berkeley, as lecturer in the Maternal and Child Health Program and community codirector of the Doctor of Public Health program. Her professional work and interests include implementing a life course perspective in maternal and child health practice, education and training, community capacity building, development of longitudinal data systems for planning and evaluation, photovoice, women’s health and reproductive health issues, women and HIV, and parenting support for nontraditional families.

MARGARET A. POTTER, JD, MS, is associate dean at Pittsburgh University School of Public Health, and director of a center focused on issues of practice-based research and scholarship. She spent a sabbatical year in the Office of Science and Extramural Research at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

REBECCA RAE, MCRP, MWR, is Jicarilla Apache from Dulce, New Mexico. She has a dual MA degree in community and regional planning and in water resources from the University of New Mexico (UNM). Currently, she is a graduate research assistant in the MPH program of the Department of Family and Community Medicine at UNM.

PETER REASON is professor of action research/practice and director of the Centre for Action Research in Professional Practice in the School of Management at the University of Bath. His major academic work has been to contribute to the development of a participatory worldview and associated approaches to inquiry, and in particular to the theory and practice of cooperative inquiry. He is coeditor (with Hilary Bradbury) of The Handbook of Action Research: Participative Inquiry and Practice (2001 and 2008, 2nd edition).

ERIKA REED-GROSS, MHS, is a Senior Study Director at Westat where she is responsible for managing public health research projects with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other agencies in public health and health promotion.

SCOTT D. RHODES, PhD, MPH, CHES, is a public health scientist whose research focuses on the development, implementation, and evaluation of interventions designed to improve the health and well-being of vulnerable communities and using community-based participatory research approaches. His research explores sexual health, HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention, and health disparities among vulnerable communities, including disparities involving substance use and obesity. Rhodes has extensive experience working in partnership with Latino communities, urban African American adolescents, persons living with HIV and AIDS, men of color, self-identified gay and bisexual men, and men who have sex with men.

CASSANDRA RITAS earned her BA degree from Hunter College and her MPP degree from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. She works in New York City with communities defined by geography and experience to achieve individual and collective well-being through collaboration, research, and action.

JERRY SCHULTZ, PhD, is codirector of the Work Group for Community Health and Development at the University of Kansas and directs content development for the Community Tool Box (CTB), a global online resource for community building. In 2007, he received the Society for Community Research and Action Award for Distinguished Contribution to the Practice of Community Psychology.

AMY J. SCHULZ, PhD, MPH, is associate director of the University of Michigan’s Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, and associate professor in the Department of Health Behavior and Health Education at the School of Public Health. She has a long-standing commitment and research record focused on the contributions of social factors (racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic) to disparities in health. Her current research focuses on community-based participatory approaches to understanding social inequalities as they influence health disparities, with a particular focus on the health of urban residents.

SARENA D. SEIFER, MD, is founding executive director of Community-Campus Partnerships for Health and research associate professor of public health at the University of Washington in Seattle. She currently resides in Toronto, where she serves on the steering committee of the Toronto Community-Based Research Network.

EVELINE SHEN, MPH, has worked for over eighteen years in reproductive justice, environmental justice, and community development, using core strategies of community organizing and youth organizing with communities of color to promote self-determination. She is currently executive director of Asian Communities for Reproductive Justice and holds an MPH degree from University of California, Berkeley, in community health education.

PEGGY SHEPARD is executive director and co-founder of WE ACT for Environmental Justice (also known as West Harlem Environmental Action), founded in 1988. Based in Harlem, WE ACT works to build community power to improve environmental health, policy, and protection in communities of color. Shepard is a recipient of the 10th Annual Heinz Award for the Environment and the Dean’s Distinguished Service Award from Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health in 2004.

JANE SPRINGETT, PhD, is professor of health promotion and public health at Liverpool John Moores University, England, where she is director of the Institute for Health. She also is a visiting professor at Kristianstad University in Sweden. Springett has a doctorate in urban geography and a long-standing research interest in healthy cities and communities. Her main research interests are joint work and organizational change, participatory evaluation, and action research in a variety of settings.

RANDY STOECKER, is associate professor in the Department of Rural Sociology at the University of Wisconsin, with a joint appointment in the University of Wisconsin-Extension Center for Community and Economic Development. He moderates and edits COMM-ORG: The On-Line Conference on Community Organizing and Development (http://comm-org.wisc.edu), and writes, conducts trainings, and speaks frequently on community organizing participatory research and evaluation and on community information technology.

JEFFREY L. STOWELL, JD, is president of Community Systems Group and an alumnus of the University of Kansas and the University of Kansas School of Law. He has worked to help communities across the nation use technology as a tool in their efforts to improve health, wellness, and social justice and in their evaluations of those efforts.

SAMARA F. SWANSTON has practiced environmental law for more than twenty years and is a former Superfund attorney with the Environmental Protection Agency, where she was awarded the EPA’s highest honor for her work in environmental justice. A former manager of the Department of Environmental Conservation’s Superfund program and executive director and general counsel of the Watchperson Project of Greenpoint-Williamsburg, Swanston currently serves as counsel to the Environmental Protection Committee of the New York City Council, a part-time administrative law judge, and a visiting professor at the Pratt Institute Graduate School for Urban Planning and the Environment.

GREG TAFOYA is a degree candidate in the University of New Mexico MPH program, with a concentration in community health interventions. He is a member of Santa Clara Pueblo, NM, where he was raised, and is also of Sauk and Fox descent. Greg is committed to serving communities through participatory approaches and public health research that benefits all partners involved.

MAKANI THEMBA-NIXON is executive director of the Praxis Project, a nonprofit organization dedicated to supporting community-based media and policy advocacy to advance equity and justice. She is author of Making Policy, Making Change (1999). Her latest book, coauthored with Hunter Cutting, is Talking the Walk: Communications Guide for Racial Justice (2006).

ROSANNA TRAN, MPH, is a program officer with the California HealthCare Foundation and received her graduate training at the University of California, Berkeley. Her community-based public health experience includes work on program evaluation, HIV prevention and care, language access and cultural competence, and problem gambling with a focus on Asian and Pacific Islander American Communities.

ROBB TRAVERS, PhD, is a scientist and director of community-based research (CBR) at the Ontario HIV Treatment Network. He is also an associate research scientist at the Centre for Research on Inner City Health at St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto. He received his PhD degree in public health sciences from the University of Toronto, and subsequently codeveloped (with Sarah Flicker) and taught Canada’s first undergraduate course in CBR in the Health Studies Program there.

WILLIAM A. VEGA, DCrim, is currently professor in the Department of Family Medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles. He formerly served as professor of public health at University of California, Berkeley, and professor of psychiatry at the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School of New Jersey. Vega’s research projects on health, mental health, and substance abuse in the United States and Mexico have resulted in several books and over 160 articles and book chapters.

CAROLINE C. WANG, DrPH, MPH, is adjunct faculty member in the Department of Health Behavior and Health Education at the University of Michigan’s School of Public Health. A creator of the photovoice methodology, she consults on photovoice projects nationally and internationally. She is a coeditor of the book Visual Voices: 100 Photographs of Village China by the Women of Yunnan Province, and a coeditor of Strength to Be: Community Visions and Voices.

KENNETH B. WELLS, MD, is a psychiatrist and director of the Health Services Research Center at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He is also professor in the UCLA Geffen School of Medicine in Psychiatry as well as professor in the UCLA School of Public Health and senior scientist at RAND Corporation, Santa Monica.

KALVIN WHITE, PhD, received his doctorate in counseling psychology from the University of Utah. He is currently program director for the Office of Dine Science, Math, and Technology for the Department of Dine Education, Navajo Nation. White is one of the Navajo Nation Council Education Committee’s three appointees to the Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board (NNHRRB). He is an active participant on the board and has assisted with the organization and implementation of the NNHRRB research conference.

STEVE WING teaches epidemiology at the University of North Carolina School of Public Health and conducts research on occupational and environmental health. His recent work has focused on the health impacts of ionizing radiation, industrial animal production, and environmental injustice. He is a founding member of the North Carolina Environmental Justice Network.

MICHAEL A. YONAS, DrPH, is assistant professor in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and has completed a Community Health Scholars postdoctoral fellowship, with specialized training in community-based participatory research, at the University of North Carolina. He is the founder and director of the Visual Voices project, a participatory approach to working with young people and communities to learn about and collaboratively address issues of health and wellness through the arts.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Many people helped us to make this book a reality, and we are especially grateful to the many coauthors whose hard work and belief in the power and potential of community-based participatory research (CBPR) are reflected in the pages that follow. Each of them writes with commitment and passion for this alternative research paradigm, whether as a community partner, academic researcher, or professional in the field for whom facilitating and conducting participatory action-oriented research with, rather than on, communities is a continuing goal.