Complete Electronics Self-Teaching Guide with Projects E-Book

Earl Boysen

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 431

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

Beschreibung

An all-in-one resource on everything electronics-related! For almost 30 years, this book has been a classic text for electronics enthusiasts. Now completely updated for today's technology, this latest version combines concepts, self-tests, and hands-on projects to offer you a completely repackaged and revised resource. This unique self-teaching guide features easy-to-understand explanations that are presented in a user-friendly format to help you learn the essentials you need to work with electronic circuits. All you need is a general understanding of electronics concepts such as Ohm's law and current flow, and an acquaintance with first-year algebra. The question-and-answer format, illustrative experiments, and self-tests at the end of each chapter make it easy for you to learn at your own speed. * Boasts a companion website that includes more than twenty full-color, step-by-step projects * Shares hands-on practice opportunities and conceptual background information to enhance your learning process * Targets electronics enthusiasts who already have a basic knowledge of electronics but are interested in learning more about this fascinating topic on their own * Features projects that work with the multimeter, breadboard, function generator, oscilloscope, bandpass filter, transistor amplifier, oscillator, rectifier, and more You're sure to get a charge out of the vast coverage included in Complete Electronics Self-Teaching Guide with Projects!

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: DC Review and Pre-Test

Current Flow

Ohm's Law

Resistors in Series

Resistors in Parallel

Power

Small Currents

The Graph of Resistance

The Voltage Divider

The Current Divider

Switches

Capacitors in a DC Circuit

Summary

DC Pre-Test

Chapter 2: The Diode

Understanding Diodes

Diode Breakdown

The Zener Diode

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 3: Introduction to the Transistor

Understanding Transistors

The Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET)

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 4: The Transistor Switch

Turning the Transistor On

Turning Off the Transistor

Why Transistors Are Used as Switches

The Three-Transistor Switch

Alternative Base Switching

Switching the JFET

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 5: AC Pre-Test and Review

The Generator

Resistors in AC Circuits

Capacitors in AC Circuits

The Inductor in an AC Circuit

Resonance

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 6: Filters

Capacitors in AC Circuits

Capacitors and Resistors in Series

Phase Shift of an RC Circuit

Resistor and Capacitor in Parallel

Inductors in AC Circuits

Phase Shift for an RL Circuit

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 7: Resonant Circuits

The Capacitor and Inductor in Series

The Output Curve

Introduction to Oscillators

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 8: Transistor Amplifiers

Working with Transistor Amplifiers

A Stable Amplifier

Biasing

The Emitter Follower

Analyzing an Amplifier

The JFET as an Amplifier

The Operational Amplifier

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 9: Oscillators

Understanding Oscillators

Feedback

The Colpitts Oscillator

The Hartley Oscillator

The Armstrong Oscillator

Practical Oscillator Design

Simple Oscillator Design Procedure

Oscillator Troubleshooting Checklist

Summary and Applications

Self-Test

Chapter 10: The Transformer

Transformer Basics

Transformers in Communications Circuits

Summary and Applications

Self-Test

Answers to Self-Test

Chapter 11: Power Supply Circuits

Diodes in AC Circuits Produce Pulsating DC

Level DC (Smoothing Pulsating DC)

Summary

Self-Test

Chapter 12: Conclusion and Final Self-Test

Conclusion

Final Self-Test

Appendix A: Glossary

Appendix B: List of Symbols and Abbreviations

Appendix C: Powers of Ten and Engineering Prefixes

Appendix D: Standard Composition Resistor Values

Appendix E: Supplemental Resources

Web Sites

Books

Magazines

Suppliers

Appendix F: Equation Reference

Appendix G: Schematic Symbols Used in This Book

Introduction

What This Book Teaches

How This Book Is Organized

Conventions Used in This Book

How to Use This Book

End User License Agreement

Chapter 1

DC Review and Pre-Test

Electronics cannot be studied without first understanding the basics of electricity. This chapter is a review and pre-test on those aspects of direct current (DC) that apply to electronics. By no means does it cover the whole DC theory, but merely those topics that are essential to simple electronics.

This chapter reviews the following:

Current flow

Potential or voltage difference

Ohm's law

Resistors in series and parallel

Power

Small currents

Resistance graphs

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

Kirchhoff's Current Law

Voltage and current dividers

Switches

Capacitor charging and discharging

Capacitors in series and parallel

Current Flow

1 Electrical and electronic devices work because of an electric current.

Question

What is an electric current?

Answer

An electric current is a flow of electric charge. The electric charge usually consists of negatively charged electrons. However, in semiconductors, there are also positive charge carriers called holes.

2 There are several methods that can be used to generate an electric current.

Question

Write at least three ways an electron flow (or current) can be generated.

Answer

The following is a list of the most common ways to generate current:

Magnetically—This includes the induction of electrons in a wire rotating within a magnetic field. An example of this would be generators turned by water, wind, or steam, or the fan belt in a car.Chemically—This involves the electrochemical generation of electrons by reactions between chemicals and electrodes (as in batteries).Photovoltaic generation of electrons—This occurs when light strikes semiconductor crystals (as in solar cells).

Less common methods to generate an electric current include the following:

Thermal generation—This uses temperature differences between thermocouple junctions. Thermal generation is used in generators on spacecrafts that are fueled by radioactive material.Electrochemical reaction—This occurs between hydrogen, oxygen, and electrodes (fuel cells).Piezoelectrical—This involves mechanical deformation of piezoelectric substances. For example, piezoelectric material in the heels of shoes power LEDs that light up when you walk.

3 Most of the simple examples in this book contain a battery as the voltage source. As such, the source provides a potential difference to a circuit that enables a current to flow. An electric current is a flow of electric charge. In the case of a battery, electrons are the electric charge, and they flow from the terminal that has an excess number of electrons to the terminal that has a deficiency of electrons. This flow takes place in any complete circuit that is connected to battery terminals. It is this difference in the charge that creates the potential difference in the battery. The electrons try to balance the difference.

Because electrons have a negative charge, they actually flow from the negative terminal and return to the positive terminal. This direction of flow is called electron flow. Most books, however, use current flow, which is in the opposite direction. It is referred to as conventional current flow, or simply current flow. In this book, the term conventional current flow is used in all circuits.

Later in this book, you see that many semiconductor devices have a symbol that contains an arrowhead pointing in the direction of conventional current flow.

Questions

A.Draw arrows to show the current flow in Figure 1.1. The symbol for the battery shows its polarity.

Figure 1.1

B.What indicates that a potential difference is present? __________

C.What does the potential difference cause? __________

D.What will happen if the battery is reversed? __________

Answers

A.See Figure 1.2.

Figure 1.2

B.The battery symbol indicates that a difference of potential (also called voltage) is being supplied to the circuit.

C.Voltage causes current to flow if there is a complete circuit present, as shown in Figure 1.1.

D.The current flows in the opposite direction.

Ohm's Law

4 Ohm's law states the fundamental relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.

Question

What is the algebraic formula for Ohm's law? _____

5 Use Ohm's law to find the answers in this problem.

6 You can rearrange Ohm's law to calculate current values.

7 You can rearrange Ohm's law to calculate resistance values.