CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide E-Book

Quentin Docter

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Sybex Study Guide
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1036

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018

Beschreibung

NOTE: The name of the exam has changed from IT Fundamentals to IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+). However, the FC0-U61 exam objectives are exactly the same. After the book was printed with IT Fundamentals in the title, CompTIA changed the name to IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+). We have corrected the title to IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) in subsequent book printings, but earlier printings that were sold may still show IT Fundamentals in the title. Please rest assured that the book content is 100% the same. The ultimate study guide for the essential entry-level IT cert! The CompTIA IT Fundamentals Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition is your ideal companion for comprehensive exam preparation. Covering 100 percent of the latest exam objectives, this book contains everything you need to know to pass with flying colors--the first time! Clear, concise language breaks down fundamental IT concepts to help you truly grasp important concepts, and practical examples illustrate how each new skill is applied in real-world situations. You'll learn your way around hardware and software, conduct installations, and connect to networks to get a workstation up and running smoothly; you'll also develop the knowledge base needed to identify compatibility and security issues, mitigate risks, and conduct all-important preventative maintenance that keeps the end-user problem-free. The CompTIA IT Fundamentals certification validates your skills as a systems support specialist, and gets your foot in the door to a successful IT career. This book is your ultimate preparation resource, with expert guidance backed by online tools to take your preparation to the next level! * Master 100 percent of Exam FC0-U61 objectives * Learn real-world applications and practical on-the-job skills * Know what to expect with exam highlights and review questions * Includes 1 year free access to Sybex's online study tools including flashcards, chapter tests, and a practice exam, all supported by Wiley's support agents who are available 24x7 via email or live chat to assist with access and login questions The IT department is instrumental in keeping any organization on its feet. As support staff, you will be called upon to assess and repair common problems, set up and configure workstations, address individual issues, and much more. If you decide to continue on to more advanced IT positions, the CompTIA IT Fundamentals certification is a great springboard; if you're ready to launch your career, the CompTIA IT Fundamentals Study Guide offers complete, practical prep to help you face the exam with confidence.

Leseprobe

CompTIA®IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+)

Study Guide Exam FC0-U61

Second Edition

Quentin Docter

Senior Acquisitions Editor: Kenyon Brown

Development Editor: Gary Schwartz

Technical Editors: Chris Crayton and Jon Buhagiar

Senior Production Editor: Christine O'Connor

Copy Editor: Kim Wimpsett

Content Enablement and Operations Manager: Pete Gaughan

Production Manager: Kathleen Wisor

Executive Editor: Jim Minatel

Book Designers: Judy Fung and Bill Gibson

Proofreader: Nancy Carrasco

Indexer: Ted Laux

Project Coordinator, Cover: Brent Savage

Cover Designer: Wiley

Cover Image: Getty Images Inc./Jeremy Woodhouse

Copyright © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 978-1-119-51312-4ISBN: 978-1-119-51305-6 (ebk.)ISBN: 978-1-119-51309-4 (ebk.)

Manufactured in the United States of America

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, [phone], fax [phone]. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, [phone], fax [phone], or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Web site may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Web sites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2018950282

TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. CompTIA is a registered trademark of CompTIA, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

In memory of grandpa Joe, who taught me the fundamentals of IT and so much more.

Acknowledgments

First and foremost, I need to thank my family. Without their support and patience, I would never be able to work on projects like this.

This edition was more special than most, in that it left me with an unusual sense of pride as well as a realization of how long the road has been. When I wrote my first book, I dedicated it to my still-baking-in-the-oven oldest daughter. Now, she has enough expertise to be my SME and first proofreader for the programming chapter. She can code circles around me, and I’m proud of her (and my other kids too!).

They say it takes a village to produce a book, and it always amazes me at the number of people who are involved. I have been fortunate to work with a great Sybex crew yet again. Gary Schwartz was the development editor. Thanks, Gary, for keeping me on track and answering all of my mundane questions. Kenyon Brown was the acquisitions editor for this book—thank you, Kenyon, for asking me to take on this book.

In addition, Christine O’Connor was an excellent production editor; I appreciate her professionalism and pragmatism. Jon Buhagiar and Chris Crayton were my technical editors—thank you both for all of your ideas; you really made this book better. To Kim Wimpsett, the copy editor, thank you so much for dealing with my consistent grammar mistakes. I may not have the best grammar, but at least I am consistent about it!

About the Author

Quentin Docter started in the IT industry as a tech support agent for Packard Bell in 1994. Since then he has worked in tech support, network administration, consulting, training, web development, and project management. During his career, he has achieved certifications from CompTIA (including IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+)), Microsoft, Cisco, Novell, and Sun Microsystems. He is the author of several books, including the CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide by Sybex, an imprint of Wiley.

CONTENTS

Acknowledgments

About the Author

Introduction

Assessment Test

Answers to the Assessment Test

Chapter 1 Core Hardware Components

Introducing Internal Components

Exploring Motherboards, Processors, and Memory

Exploring Storage and Expansion Devices

Exploring Power and Cooling

Summary

Exam Essentials

Chapter 1 Written Lab

Review Questions

Chapter 2 Peripherals and Connectors

Understanding Common Peripherals, Interfaces, and Connectors

Summary

Exam Essentials

Chapter 2 Lab

Review Questions

Chapter 3 Computing Devices and the Internet of Things

Exploring Common Computing Devices

Understanding the Internet of Things

Summary

Exam Essentials

Chapter 3 Lab

Review Questions

Chapter 4 Operating Systems

Operating System Fundamentals

Managing an Operating System

Summary

Exam Essentials

Chapter 4 Lab

Review Questions

Chapter 5 Software Applications

Understanding Application Architecture and Installation

Exploring Common Application Types

Summary

Exam Essentials

Chapter 5 Lab

Review Questions

Chapter 6 Software Development

Exploring Programming Languages

Understanding Programming Concepts and Techniques

Summary

Exam Essentials

Chapter 6 Lab

Review Questions

Chapter 7 Database Fundamentals

Understanding Databases

Summary

Exam Essentials

Chapter 7 Lab

Review Questions

Chapter 8 Networking Concepts and Technologies

Exploring Connection Types and Features

Understanding Network Connectivity Essentials

Setting Up a Wireless Network

Summary

Exam Essentials

Chapter 8 Lab

Review Questions

Chapter 9 Security Concepts and Threats

Understanding Hackers and Motives

Understanding Security Threats

Understanding Access Control

Summary

Exam Essentials

Chapter 9 Lab

Review Questions

Chapter 10 Security Best Practices

Understanding Security Best Practices

Summary

Exam Essentials

Chapter 10 Lab

Review Questions

Chapter 11 Business Continuity and Computer Support

Understanding Business Continuity

Exploring Computer Support Concepts

Summary

Exam Essentials

Chapter 11 Lab

Review Questions

Appendix A Answers to Written Labs

Chapter 1: Core Hardware Components

Chapter 2: Peripherals and Connectors

Chapter 3: Computing Devices and the Internet of Things

Chapter 4: Operating Systems

Chapter 5: Software Applications

Chapter 6: Software Development

Chapter 7: Database Fundamentals

Chapter 8: Networking Concepts and Technologies

Chapter 9: Security Concepts and Threats

Chapter 10: Security Best Practices

Chapter 11: Business Continuity and Computer Support

Appendix B Answers to Review Questions

Chapter 1: Core Hardware Components

Chapter 2: Peripherals and Connectors

Chapter 3: Computing Devices and the Internet of Things

Chapter 4: Operating Systems

Chapter 5: Software Applications

Chapter 6: Software Development

Chapter 7: Database Fundamentals

Chapter 8: Networking Concepts and Technologies

Chapter 9: Security Concepts and Threats

Chapter 10: Security Best Practices

Chapter 11: Business Continuity and Computer Support

Index

Advert

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1

Table 1.2

Table 1.3

Table 1.4

Chapter 2

Table 2.1

Table 2.2

Table 2.3

Chapter 3

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Chapter 4

Table 4.1

Table 4.2

Table 4.3

Table 4.4

Table 4.5

Table 4.6

Table 4.7

Chapter 5

Table 5.1

Table 5.2

Table 5.3

Table 5.4

Chapter 6

Table 6.1

Table 6.2

Table 6.3

Table 6.4

Chapter 7

Table 7.1

Table 7.2

Chapter 8

Table 8.1

Table 8.2

Table 8.3

Table 8.4

Table 8.5

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 A motherboard

Figure 1.2 Northbridge and Southbridge

Figure 1.3 CPU sockets

Figure 1.4 DIMM slots

Figure 1.5 SODIMM slots

Figure 1.6 PCI expansion slots

Figure 1.7 An AGP slot compared to a PCI slot

Figure 1.8 PCIe expansion slots

Figure 1.9 IDE hard drive connectors

Figure 1.10 SATA hard drive connectors

Figure 1.11 A 24-pin ATX power connector

Figure 1.12 A BIOS chip on a motherboard

Figure 1.13 An example of a BIOS boot screen

Figure 1.14 Computer back panel

Figure 1.15 AMD Athlon processor

Figure 1.16 Calculator in Programmer view

Figure 1.17 System information

Figure 1.18 Virtual memory

Figure 1.19 Memory module form factors

Figure 1.20 Inside a hard drive

Figure 1.21 PATA/IDE and SATA hard drives

Figure 1.22 PATA and SATA data cables

Figure 1.23 Installed disk drives

Figure 1.24 Hard disk properties

Figure 1.25 Disk drives

Figure 1.26 A DVD-ROM

Figure 1.27 A video card

Figure 1.28 A legacy sound card

Figure 1.29 A wireless desktop NIC

Figure 1.30 A modem

Figure 1.31 A desktop power supply

Figure 1.32 Power supply in the case

Figure 1.33 A 20-pin ATX power connector

Figure 1.34 Peripheral power connectors

Figure 1.35 Laptop power supply

Figure 1.36 System unit airflow

Figure 1.37 CPU heat sink

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1 Audio connectors

Figure 2.2 Sound card with game port

Figure 2.3 Cutaway of a CRT monitor

Figure 2.4 VGA connectors

Figure 2.5 DVI connector

Figure 2.6 HDMI cable (top) and port (bottom)

Figure 2.7 DisplayPort port

Figure 2.8 Two Thunderbolt ports

Figure 2.9 Video adjustment keys including F4 (LCD toggle), F7 (dim), and F8 (brighten)

Figure 2.10 Fn key

Figure 2.11 Laptop video toggle

Figure 2.12 Screen Resolution

Figure 2.13 Multiple displays

Figure 2.14 Keep Changes button

Figure 2.15 Rearranging monitors

Figure 2.16 Two flash drives

Figure 2.17 SD memory cards

Figure 2.18 SD memory card slot and USB port

Figure 2.19 External hard drive

Figure 2.20 Netgear NAS device

Figure 2.21 eSATA port (bottom)

Figure 2.22 USB over eSATA

Figure 2.23 RJ-11 and RJ-45 connectors

Figure 2.24 RJ ports

Figure 2.25 Wireless USB receiver

Figure 2.26 Keyboard and mouse PS/2 ports

Figure 2.27 A natural keyboard

Figure 2.28 Changing your language preferences

Figure 2.29 Adding an input method

Figure 2.30 Keyboard layout preview

Figure 2.31 Changing the input type

Figure 2.32 Wireless optical mouse

Figure 2.33 Touchpad

Figure 2.34 Hardware And Sound

Figure 2.35 Device Settings tab of the Mouse Properties window

Figure 2.36 Touchpad configuration options

Figure 2.37 A trackball

Figure 2.38 Mouse Properties window

Figure 2.39 Pointer Options tab

Figure 2.40 Inkjet printer cartridges

Figure 2.41 Back-panel connectors, including serial and parallel ports

Figure 2.42 Parallel cable

Figure 2.43 Adding a new printer

Figure 2.44 Entering the IP address of the printer

Figure 2.45 HP ePrint configuration

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 Laptop AC power adapter

Figure 3.2 Polarity symbols

Figure 3.3 The back and front of a docking station

Figure 3.4 Cable lock

Figure 3.5 Cable lock insertion point

Figure 3.6 Audio adjustment keys F7 (quieter), F8 (louder), and F9 (microphone mute)

Figure 3.7 iOS 11 home screen

Figure 3.8 Android home screen

Figure 3.9 Portrait mode

Figure 3.10 Landscape mode

Figure 3.11 iOS security lock

Figure 3.12 iPhone Settings

Figure 3.13 Touch ID & Passcode

Figure 3.14 iOS Settings

Figure 3.15 Wi-Fi is off.

Figure 3.16 Wi-Fi is on, with available networks.

Figure 3.17 Android Settings

Figure 3.18 Bluetooth device found

Figure 3.19 Entering the PIN

Figure 3.20 Paired Bluetooth

Figure 3.21 Airplane mode on iOS 11

Figure 3.22 iPhone Control Center

Figure 3.23 Airplane mode in Android

Figure 3.24 iTunes app store

Figure 3.25 Google Play Store

Figure 3.26 Installing an app

Figure 3.27 iOS 11 cellular data options

Figure 3.28 iTunes sync

Figure 3.29 Settings apps on Android

Figure 3.30 1ClickSync options

Figure 3.31 Pong

Figure 3.32 Roku 3

Figure 3.33 Nest smart thermostat

Figure 3.34 Electronic toll system

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 The operating system interacts with hardware.

Figure 4.2 ENIAC

Figure 4.3 The first PC graphical user interface

Figure 4.4 Windows Performance Monitor

Figure 4.5 Lubuntu desktop

Figure 4.6 macOS High Sierra

Figure 4.7 Windows 3.11 Program Manager

Figure 4.8 Windows 95 desktop

Figure 4.9 Windows 8.1 Start screen

Figure 4.10 Google Chrome OS

Figure 4.11 iOS 11 home screen

Figure 4.12 Android 8.0 home screen

Figure 4.13 Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisors

Figure 4.14 User accounts in Windows 7

Figure 4.15 User settings in macOS

Figure 4.16 Ubuntu user properties

Figure 4.17 User account creation

Figure 4.18 Creating a password

Figure 4.19 Your info in Windows 10

Figure 4.20 Creating a new user in Windows 10

Figure 4.21 Entering username and password

Figure 4.22 User Account Control

Figure 4.23 Making changes to your user account

Figure 4.24 User Account Control Settings

Figure 4.25 Programs And Features

Figure 4.26 Task Manager

Figure 4.27 Task Scheduler

Figure 4.28 Task trigger

Figure 4.29 Starting a program

Figure 4.30 Services tab of Task Manager

Figure 4.31 Services management console

Figure 4.32 Devices in Windows Settings

Figure 4.33 Device Manager

Figure 4.34 Driver details

Figure 4.35 Disk Management

Figure 4.36 System screen

Figure 4.37 Performance options

Figure 4.38 Virtual Memory settings

Figure 4.39 C: Properties

Figure 4.40 Disk Cleanup

Figure 4.41 Computer window

Figure 4.42 Directories in the C: drive

Figure 4.43 Several folders

Figure 4.44 Right-clicking a file

Figure 4.45 File properties

Figure 4.46 File security

Figure 4.47 Browsing for a folder or file

Figure 4.48 New shortcut

Figure 4.49 VirtualBox preconfiguration

Figure 4.50 VirtualBox with a virtual drive

Figure 4.51 Lubuntu - Settings dialog

Figure 4.52 Installing Lubuntu

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1 Google Drive settings

Figure 5.2 Google Docs changes saved in Drive

Figure 5.3 Three-tier architecture model

Figure 5.4 Microsoft product key

Figure 5.5 Turning Windows features on or off

Figure 5.6 Uninstalling an application

Figure 5.7 Devices And Printers window

Figure 5.8 Windows Update

Figure 5.9 Installed updates

Figure 5.10 Uninstalling a Windows update

Figure 5.11 Device Manager

Figure 5.12 Updating the drivers screen

Figure 5.13 Driver management

Figure 5.14 Default Apps window

Figure 5.15 Choosing default apps by file type

Figure 5.16 Word document

Figure 5.17 Microsoft Excel

Figure 5.18 Microsoft PowerPoint

Figure 5.19 HR hiring process flowchart example

Figure 5.20 Zoho Projects software

Figure 5.21 Microsoft Publisher

Figure 5.22 Norton Internet Security

Figure 5.23 Automatic updates are on.

Figure 5.24 Two ways to configure a DMZ

Figure 5.25 Windows Defender Firewall

Figure 5.26 7-Zip file manager

Figure 5.27 7-Zip archive options

Figure 5.28 Creating a PDF file from Word 2010

Figure 5.29 Viewing a PDF file

Figure 5.30 Microsoft Edge options

Figure 5.31 Chrome version 65 options

Figure 5.32 Microsoft Edge version

Figure 5.33 About Chrome

Figure 5.34 Three extensions installed in Chrome

Figure 5.35 Proxy settings

Figure 5.36 LAN settings

Figure 5.37 Clear Browsing Data window

Figure 5.38 Cookie acceptance settings

Figure 5.39 Clearing browsing data in Chrome

Figure 5.40 Edge pop-up blocker

Figure 5.41 Chrome’s pop-up blocker

Figure 5.42 A secure website using HTTPS

Figure 5.43 Wiley security certificate information

Figure 5.44 Invalid security certificate example

Figure 5.45 InPrivate browsing

Figure 5.46 Incognito browsing

Chapter 6

Figure 6.1 Calculator in Programmer view

Figure 6.2 Hello, world!

Figure 6.3 “Hello, world!” JavaScript alert

Figure 6.4 Flowchart

Chapter 7

Figure 7.1 Simple data in a spreadsheet

Figure 7.2 Simple data in Microsoft Access

Figure 7.3 Logical relational database schema

Figure 7.4 Logical schema with primary keys

Figure 7.5 Microsoft Access table

Figure 7.6 Form in Microsoft Access

Figure 7.7 Microsoft Access 2016

Figure 7.8 Empty database

Figure 7.9 Two tables

Figure 7.10 Get External Data window

Figure 7.11 Imported Customers table

Figure 7.12 Backing up a database

Figure 7.13 Installing Northwind

Figure 7.14 Customer details

Chapter 8

Figure 8.1 A DSL modem

Figure 8.2 The back of the DSL modem

Figure 8.3 MiFi hotspot

Figure 8.4 Bluetooth USB adapter

Figure 8.5 Infrared port

Figure 8.6 Eight-port switch

Figure 8.7 Sample network with routers and switches

Figure 8.8 A wireless router

Figure 8.9 TCP/IP protocol suite

Figure 8.10

tracert

output

Figure 8.11

ipconfig

output

Figure 8.12 NETGEAR NAS device

Figure 8.13 Google Drive

Figure 8.14 Sharing a folder on Google Drive

Figure 8.15 Router setup initial screen

Figure 8.16 Verifying the wired connection

Figure 8.17 Connecting to the router

Figure 8.18 Error message: Can’t find router

Figure 8.19 The router is configured.

Figure 8.20 Creating a Linksys account

Figure 8.21 Your network is not secure.

Figure 8.22 Signing in to the router

Figure 8.23 Linksys Smart Wi-Fi configuration screen

Figure 8.24 Wireless configuration

Figure 8.25 Connectivity options

Figure 8.26 Wireless Network Connection window

Figure 8.27 Wireless networks on an iPhone

Figure 8.28 Guest network configuration

Figure 8.29 DHCP configuration

Figure 8.30 NAT enabled

Figure 8.31 Firewall settings

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1 The CIA triad

Figure 9.2 A laptop security cable

Figure 9.3 Virus spreading from an infected system

Figure 9.4 Email viruses can spread quickly.

Figure 9.5 RSA SecurID

Figure 9.6 PingID

Figure 9.7 Security log in Event Viewer

Figure 9.8 Microsoft Edge site-viewing history

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1 Windows Update

Figure 10.2 An iOS update is available.

Figure 10.3 Details on iOS version 11.3

Figure 10.4 Touch ID & Passcode

Figure 10.5 Windows 10 Lock Screen window

Figure 10.6 Screen Saver Settings dialog box

Figure 10.7 Security and Maintenance screen

Figure 10.8 Uninstalling an application

Figure 10.9 Printer driver search results

Figure 10.10 Disabled Bluetooth in iOS

Figure 10.11 Disabled Bluetooth in Android

Figure 10.12 Windows Services

Figure 10.13 Bluetooth Support Service properties

Figure 10.14 AutoPlay options

Figure 10.15 Autofill in Chrome

Figure 10.16 Save Form Entries switch

Figure 10.17 Autocomplete settings in IE

Figure 10.18 SmartScreen filter

Figure 10.19 Chrome privacy and security settings

Figure 10.20 Select Users Or Groups dialog

Figure 10.21 User permissions

Figure 10.22 Advanced Attributes dialog

Figure 10.23 Windows Certificate Manager

Figure 10.24 The Mac FileVault

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1 RAID 1 and RAID 5

Figure 11.2 An uninterruptible power supply

Figure 11.3 The back of an uninterruptible power supply

Figure 11.4 Advanced file attributes

Figure 11.5 Windows File History (backup) options

Figure 11.6 Selecting a drive for backups

Figure 11.7 Backup options

Figure 11.8 File History options

Figure 11.9 System Protection tab

Figure 11.10 Choosing a restore point

Figure 11.11 System Configuration utility

Figure 11.12 Task Manager Startup tab

Figure 11.13 Configuring an application for compatibility mode

Figure 11.14 Pinging the loopback address

Figure 11.15

ipconfig

results

Figure 11.16 Successful

ping

results

Figure 11.17 Successful

tracert

results

Guide

Cover

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Table of Exercises

EXERCISE 1.1

Converting Between Decimal and Other Numbering Systems

EXERCISE 1.2

Assessing Your Computer’s RAM and Virtual Memory

EXERCISE 1.3

Determining the Type of Installed RAM

EXERCISE 1.4

Examining Hard Drives in Windows

EXERCISE 2.1

Adjusting a Desktop Monitor

EXERCISE 2.2

Changing the Settings for Multiple Monitors

EXERCISE 2.3

Changing Your Keyboard Layout in Windows 10

EXERCISE 2.4

Disabling a Touchpad in Windows 10

EXERCISE 2.5

Configuring a Mouse

EXERCISE 2.6

Installing an IP Printer

EXERCISE 3.1

Changing Security Settings on IOS 11

EXERCISE 4.1

Creating a User Account in Windows 7

EXERCISE 4.2

Creating a User Account in Windows 10

EXERCISE 4.3

Changing Windows User Account Control

EXERCISE 4.4

Creating a Task with Task Scheduler

EXERCISE 4.5

Managing Virtual Memory in Windows 10

EXERCISE 4.6

Managing Storage Space in Windows 10

EXERCISE 4.7

Manipulating Files in Windows 10

EXERCISE 4.8

Creating a Shortcut in Windows 10

EXERCISE 5.1

Installing and Uninstalling Operating System Features

EXERCISE 5.2

Installing 7-Zip

EXERCISE 5.3

Installing Free Applications

EXERCISE 5.4

Configuring Windows Update

EXERCISE 5.5

Using 7-Zip to Create an Archive

EXERCISE 5.6

Downloading and Installing Adobe Acrobat Reader

EXERCISE 5.7

Managing Cookies and Cache in Microsoft Edge

EXERCISE 5.8

Configuring the Edge Pop-Up Blocker

EXERCISE 6.1

Converting Between Decimal and Other Numbering Systems

EXERCISE 6.2

Creating “Hello, world!” in HTML

EXERCISE 7.1

Creating a Database and Tables in Microsoft Access 2016

EXERCISE 7.2

Importing Data from Excel to Access

EXERCISE 8.1

Pricing Internet Connectivity

EXERCISE 8.2

The Cost of Networking

EXERCISE 8.3

Finding Your IP Configuration Information in Windows 10

EXERCISE 9.1

Testing Social Engineering

EXERCISE 10.1

Securing a Windows 10 PC from Unauthorized Local Use

EXERCISE 10.2

Starting and Stopping Services in Windows 10

EXERCISE 10.3

Configuring SmartScreen in Microsoft Edge

EXERCISE 10.4

Encrypting Local Folders in Windows 10

EXERCISE 10.5

Backing Up a Windows Security Certificate

EXERCISE 11.1

Setting Up a Backup in Windows 10

EXERCISE 11.2

Booting into Safe Mode in Windows 10

EXERCISE 11.3

Using System Restore in Windows 10

EXERCISE 11.4

Using the System Configuration Utility in Windows 10

EXERCISE 11.5

Creating a Desktop Shortcut for MSCONFIG

EXERCISE 11.6

Running an Application in Compatibility Mode

EXERCISE 11.7

Checking TCP/IP Connectivity

Introduction

If you’re picking up this book, it means it’s likely that either you’re thinking about getting into the IT industry or you are relatively new to it. Either way, you are probably getting advice from nearly everyone you meet. One of the common refrains you probably hear is “Get certified!” With so many certifications out there, you might wonder where to start—CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) is that place.

Certification is one of the best things you can do for your career if you are working in, or want to break into, the IT profession, because it proves that you know what you’re talking about regarding the subjects in which you’re certified. It also powerfully endorses you as a professional in a way that’s similar to a physician being board certified in a certain area of expertise. It can add to your résumé and make you more attractive to potential employers and more valuable as an employee. In these challenging economic times, keeping ahead of the competition—even standing out among your present colleagues—could make a big difference in whether you gain a promotion or not!

In this book, you’ll find out what the IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) exam is all about because each chapter covers a part of the exam. I’ve included some great review questions at the end of each chapter to help crystallize the information you learned and solidly prepare you to ace the exam. This book covers more than just the exam, though. I believe in providing my students with a foundation of IT knowledge that will prepare them for real jobs, not just to pass a test. After all, life is not a multiple-choice test with the answers clearly laid out in front of you!

A really cool thing about working in IT is that it’s constantly evolving, so there are always new things to learn and fresh challenges to master. Once you obtain your IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) certification and discover that you’re interested in taking it further by getting into more complex topics (and making more money), the CompTIA A+ certification is definitely your next step.

What Is the CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) Certification?

IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) is a certification developed by the Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) that exists to provide resources and education for the computer and technology community. This is the same body that developed the A+ exam for PC technicians, Network+ for networking experts, and Security+ for security practitioners.

Way back in 1995, members of the organization got together to develop a new certification that tests skills for IT. To ensure industry-wide support, it was sponsored by many past and present IT industry leaders like these:

Compaq Computers

Digital Equipment Corporation (a part of Compaq)

IBM

Lotus

Microsoft

Novell

TSS

U.S. Robotics

US West

Wave Technologies

The IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) exam was designed to test the skills of those with little to no experience in the field but who want to show that they have a broad general understanding of core IT topics. It tests areas such as computer hardware, operating systems and applications, basic networking, security, and setting up and maintaining a computer.

Why Become IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) Certified?

Because CompTIA is a well-respected developer of vendor-neutral industry certifications, becoming IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) certified proves that you have a base level of knowledge in the specific areas tested by the IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) objectives.

Four major benefits are associated with becoming IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) certified:

Proof of Professional Achievement Computer professionals are pretty competitive when it comes to collecting more certifications than their peers. And because the IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) certification broadly covers the entire field of computers, it’s a great stepping-stone to prove that you have what it takes to succeed in this industry. Because it’s rare to gain something that’s worth a lot with little effort, I’ll be honest—preparing for the IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) exam isn’t exactly a lazy day at the beach. But passing the test is worth it because it will get the attention of potential employers.

Opportunity for Advancement We all like to get ahead in our careers—advancement results in more responsibility and prestige, and it usually means a fatter paycheck, greater opportunities, and added options. In the IT sector, a great way to make sure all that good stuff happens is by earning a lot of technology certifications, including IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+).

Fulfillment of Training Requirements IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+), because of its wide-reaching industry support, is recognized as a baseline of computer knowledge. This can potentially fulfill IT-related training requirements set forth by your company.

Customer Confidence As companies discover the CompTIA advantage, they will undoubtedly require qualified staff to achieve these certifications. Many companies outsource their work to consulting firms with experience working with security. Firms that have certified staff have a definite advantage over firms that don’t.

How to Become IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) Certified

As this book goes to press, Pearson VUE is the sole IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) exam provider. The following is the necessary contact information and exam-specific details for registering. Exam pricing might vary by country or by CompTIA membership.

Vendor

Website

Phone Number

Pearson VUE

www.pearsonvue.com/comptia

U.S. and Canada: 877-551-PLUS (7587)

When you schedule the exam, you’ll receive instructions regarding appointment and cancellation procedures, ID requirements, and information about the testing center location. In addition, you’ll receive a registration and payment confirmation letter. Exams can be scheduled up to six weeks out or as late as the next day (or, in some cases, even the same day).

  Exam prices and codes may vary based on the country in which the exam is administered. For detailed pricing and exam registration procedures, refer to CompTIA’s website at www.comptia.org.

After you’ve successfully passed your IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) exam, CompTIA will award you a certification. Within four to six weeks of passing the exam, you’ll receive your official CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) certificate and ID card. (If you don’t receive these within eight weeks of taking the test, contact CompTIA directly using the information found in your registration packet.)

Tips for Taking the IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) Exam

Here are some general tips for taking your exam successfully:

Bring two forms of ID with you. One must be a photo ID, such as a driver’s license. The other can be a major credit card or a passport. Both forms must include a signature.

Arrive early at the exam center so you can relax and review your study materials, particularly tables and lists of exam-related information. Once you are ready to enter the testing room, you will need to leave everything outside; you won’t be able to bring any materials into the testing area.

Read the questions carefully. Don’t be tempted to jump to an early conclusion. Make sure you know exactly what each question is asking.

Don’t leave any unanswered questions. Unanswered questions are scored against you. There will be questions with multiple correct responses. When there is more than one correct answer, a message at the bottom of the screen will prompt you either to “choose two” or “choose all that apply.” Be sure to read the messages displayed to know how many correct answers you must choose.

When answering multiple-choice questions about which you’re unsure, use a process of elimination to get rid of the obviously incorrect answers first. Doing so will improve your odds if you need to make an educated guess.

On form-based tests (nonadaptive), because the hard questions will take the most time, save them for last. You can move forward and backward through the exam.

For the latest pricing on the exams and updates to the registration procedures, visit CompTIA’s website at

www.comptia.org

.

Who Should Read This Book?

You—if want to pass the IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) exam and pass it confidently! This book is chock-full of the exact information you need and directly maps to IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) exam objectives (listed later in this Introduction), so if you use it to study for the exam, your odds of passing shoot way up.

In addition to including every bit of knowledge you need to learn to pass the exam, I’ve included some really great tips and solid wisdom to equip you even further to work successfully in the real IT world.

What Does This Book Cover?

This book covers everything you need to know to pass the CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) exam. But in addition to studying the book, it’s a good idea to practice on actual computers if you can.

Here’s a list of the 11 chapters in this book:

Chapter 1, “Core Hardware Components” This chapter introduces you to the core insides of a computer, specifically motherboards, processors, memory, storage, expansion slots, power, and cooling systems.

Chapter 2, “Peripherals and Connectors” While core hardware is important, users can truly customize their computer experience by adding peripheral hardware. To connect all of those toys to your system, you need to know which connectors to use, and this chapter teaches you all of that.

Chapter 3, “Computing Devices and the Internet of Things” Now that you’ve learned about all of the individual hardware components, how do they all work together? This chapter discusses features of servers, workstations, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and gaming consoles. It also introduces the Internet of Things (IoT), which can turn practically anything into a device.

Chapter 4, “Operating Systems” Without an operating system, computer hardware makes a pretty good doorstop. The operating system is the most critical piece of software on a computer, because it coordinates the efforts of the hardware and provides an interface for the user to interact with the machine.

Chapter 5, “Software Applications” This chapter covers a variety of common application types that reside on computers, such as productivity software, collaboration software, business software, anti-malware utilities, and web browsers. It also teaches you about application design concepts, software management, and the proper ways to install, uninstall, and manage applications.

Chapter 6, “Software Development” Have you ever wondered how applications get created? This chapter will teach you the characteristics of several classes of programming languages. You will also see examples of code, programming logic, and organizational methods.

Chapter 7, “Database Fundamentals” Databases are a key part of computing systems today. Data is the new currency, and therefore databases are like a bank vault. This chapter walks you through database concepts and structures, and it shows you some methods to interact with databases.

Chapter 8, “Networking Concepts and Technologies” Who doesn’t want to get on the Internet? Wireless networks are popular today as a method to get Internet connectivity. You’ll learn about key networking technologies and how to configure a wireless router in this chapter.

Chapter 9, “Security Concepts and Threats” The downside to computers is that it seems like hackers are everywhere. This chapter will introduce you to common threats posed by would-be attackers so you know how to avoid them. It also introduces a security framework and access control concepts.

Chapter 10, “Security Best Practices” This chapter builds on Chapter 9 by showing you how to set up your system to protect it against attacks. You will learn about hardening devices, managing users, and using data encryption.

Chapter 11, “Business Continuity and Computer Support” Inevitably, computers will run into problems—it’s the nature of electronic components. This chapter will show you how to troubleshoot any issues that pop up. Warning: After reading this chapter, all of your family members will call on you for technical support (if they don’t already)! This chapter also shows you how to plan for eventual computer problems so that you don’t totally lose your data.

What’s Included in the Book

I’ve included the following study tools throughout the book:

Assessment Test At the end of this Introduction is an Assessment Test that you can use to check your readiness for the exam. Take this test before you start reading the book; it will help you determine the areas where you might need to brush up. The answers to the Assessment Test questions appear on separate pages after the last question of the test. Each answer includes an explanation and a note telling you the chapter in which the material appears.

Objective Map and Opening List of Objectives Just before the Assessment Test, you’ll find a detailed exam objective map, showing you where each of the CompTIA exam objectives is covered in this book. In addition, each chapter opens with a list of the exam objectives it covers. Use these to see exactly where each of the exam topics is covered.

Exam Essentials Each chapter, just after the summary, includes a number of exam essentials. These are the key topics that you should take from the chapter in terms of areas to focus on when preparing for the exam.

Lab Exercises Each chapter includes a hands-on lab to give you more experience. These exercises map to the exam objectives. Some ask specific questions, and you can find the answers to those questions in Appendix A.

Chapter Review Questions To test your knowledge as you progress through the book, there are 20 review questions at the end of each chapter. As you finish each chapter, answer the review questions and then check your answers—the correct answers and explanations are in Appendix B. You can go back to reread the section that deals with each question you got wrong in order to ensure that you answer correctly the next time you’re tested on the material.

Interactive Online Learning Environment and Test Bank

The interactive online learning environment that accompanies CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, provides a test bank with study tools to help you prepare for the certification exam and increase your chances of passing it the first time! The test bank includes the following:

Sample Tests All of the questions in this book are provided online, including the Assessment Test, which you’ll find at the end of this Introduction, and the Chapter Tests, which include the review questions at the end of each chapter. In addition, there are two Practice Exams. Use these questions to test your knowledge of the study guide material. The online test bank runs on multiple devices.

Flashcards Questions are provided in digital flashcard format (a question followed by a single correct answer). You can use the flashcards to reinforce your learning and provide last-minute test prep before the exam.

Other Study Tools A glossary of key terms from this book and their definitions is available as a fully searchable PDF.

  Go to www.wiley.com/go/sybextestprep to register and gain access to this interactive online learning environment and test bank with study tools.

How to Use This Book

If you want a solid foundation for the serious effort of preparing for the IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) exam, then look no further because I’ve spent countless hours putting together this book with the sole intention of helping you to pass it!

This book is loaded with valuable information, and you will get the most out of your study time if you understand how I put the book together. Here’s a list that describes how to approach studying:

Take the Assessment Test immediately following this Introduction. (The answers are at the end of the test, but no peeking!) It’s okay if you don’t know any of the answers—that’s what this book is for. Carefully read over the explanations for any question you get wrong, and make note of the chapters where that material is covered.

Study each chapter carefully, making sure you fully understand the information and the exam objectives listed at the beginning of each one. Again, pay extra-close attention to any chapter that includes material covered in questions you missed on the Assessment Test.

Complete the lab exercise at the end of each chapter. Do

not

skip these exercises. One reason is that they directly map to the CompTIA objectives and reinforce the material. Another reason is that it gives you hands-on experience, which is crucial.

Answer all the review questions related to each chapter. Specifically, note any questions that confuse you, and study the corresponding sections of the book again. And don’t just skim these questions—make sure you understand each answer completely.

Try your hand at the Practice Exams. The more questions you practice, the better you will be when you sit for the real exam.

Test yourself using all of the electronic flashcards. This is a new and updated flashcard program to help you prepare for the latest CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) exam, and it is a really great study tool.

Learning every bit of the material in this book is going to require you to apply yourself with a good measure of discipline. So, try to set aside the same time period every day to study, and select a comfortable and quiet place to do so. If you work hard, you will be surprised at how quickly you learn this material.

If you follow the steps listed here and study with the Review Questions, Practice Exams, electronic flashcards, and all of the written labs, you would almost have to try to fail the CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) exam. However, studying for the IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) exam is like training for a marathon—if you don’t go for a good run every day, you’re not likely to finish very well.

Exam Objectives

Speaking of objectives, you’re probably pretty curious about them, right? CompTIA asked groups of IT professionals to fill out a survey rating the skills they felt were important in their jobs, and the results were grouped into objectives for the exam and divided into six domains.

This table gives you the extent by percentage in which each domain is represented on the actual examination.

Domain

% of Examination

1.0 IT Concepts and Terminology

17%

2.0 Infrastructure

22%

3.0 Applications and Software

18%

4.0 Software Development

12%

5.0 Database Fundamentals

11%

6.0 Security

20%

Total

100%

  Exam objectives are subject to change at any time without prior notice and at CompTIA’s sole discretion. Please visit CompTIA’s website (www.comptia.org) for the most current listing of exam objectives.

CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) Study GuideFC0-U61 Exam Objectives

Objective

Chapter

1.0 IT Concepts and Terminology

1.1 Compare and contrast notational systems.

6

1.2 Compare and contrast fundamental data types and their characteristics.

6

1.3 Illustrate the basics of computing and processing.

1

1.4 Explain the value of data and information.

9

1.5 Compare and contrast common units of measure.

1, 2

1.6 Explain the troubleshooting methodology.

11

2.0 Infrastructure

2.1 Classify common types of input/output device interfaces.

2

2.2 Given a scenario, set up and install common peripheral devices to a laptop/PC.

2

2.3 Explain the purpose of common internal computing components.

1

2.4 Compare and contrast common Internet service types.

8

2.5 Compare and contrast storage types.

1, 8

2.6 Compare and contrast common computing devices and their purposes.

3

2.7 Explain basic networking concepts.

8

2.8 Given a scenario, install, configure and secure a basic wireless network.

8

3.0 Applications and Software

3.1 Manage applications and software.

4

3.2 Compare and contrast components of an operating system.

4

3.3 Explain the purpose and proper use of software.

5

3.4 Explain methods of application architecture and delivery models.

5

3.5 Given a scenario, configure and use web browsers.

5

3.6 Compare and contrast general application concepts and uses.

5

4.0 Software Development Concepts

4.1 Compare and contrast programming language categories.

6

4.2 Given a scenario, use programming organizational techniques and interpret logic.

6

4.3 Explain the purpose and use of programming concepts.

6

5.0 Database Fundamentals

5.1 Explain database concepts and the purpose of a database.

7

5.2 Compare and contrast various database structures.

7

5.3 Summarize methods used to interface with databases.

7

6.0 Security

6.1 Summarize confidentiality, integrity, and availability concepts.

9

6.2 Explain methods to secure devices and best practices.

10

6.3 Summarize behavioral security concepts.

10

6.4 Compare and contrast authentication, authorization, accounting, and non-repudiation concepts.

9

6.5 Explain password best practices.

10

6.6 Explain common uses of encryption.

10

6.7 Explain business continuity concepts.

11

Assessment Test

Which of the following optical discs will store the most data?

CD-ROMDVD-ROM DLDVD-ROM DSRS-ROM

Which of the following devices are used for persistent user data storage in a computer? (Choose two.)

HDDRAMROMSSD

Which of the following on your computer is considered firmware?

RAMSSDCMOSBIOS

What was the first widely adopted video connector standard?

CGAVGAXGADVI

What type of removable storage is often used in digital cameras?

Flash driveNASMemory cardMobile media card

Which of the following peripherals is considered an input device?

ScannerPrinterTouchscreenFlash drive

Angela has an iPhone with a biometric scanner enabled. She powered the device off and just turned it back on. What methods can she use to unlock her phone?

Fingerprint onlyPasscode onlyFingerprint or passcodeFingerprint, passcode, or iris scan

You are setting up a new Wi-Fi connection on your iPad. What is the first step in the process?

Enter wireless passwordVerify Internet connectionVerify wireless capabilitiesLocate SSIDTurn on Wi-Fi

What type of security is involved when pairing two Bluetooth devices together?

SSL certificates are exchanged.A PIN is provided by the Bluetooth device.The Bluetooth security layer negotiates the security mechanism.There is no security involved.

Which operating system named its versions after large cats?

iOSOS XAndroidChrome OS

Your computer has a 64-bit CPU. Which statement is true regarding which operating systems you can install on it?

64-bit operating systems only64-bit or 32-bit operating systems32-bit operating systems onlyIt depends on how much RAM is in your system.

Which type of operating system allows you to run multiple operating systems at once on one computer?

Embedded OSServer OSHypervisorMobile device OS

Which of the following is not considered productivity software?

Spreadsheet softwareWeb browserOnline workspaceVisual diagramming software

Which of the following is required for a website to show up as a secure website in a browser?

Private browsingClient-side scriptingValid certificateCompatible browser

Which of the following terms best describes an application with separate database, business logic, and application layers?

N-tierCloud hostedLocal network hostedThree tier

Which data type exists only in true and false states?

BinaryBooleanCharFloat

Code that is not part of the functionality of the program but is intended to be easy for people to read is called what?

CompiledInterpretedCommentedPseudocode

Which of the following container types has a fixed length?

ConstantArrayVectorString

When creating a relational database, what is the name of the rules and structure?

FormsTablesSchemaConstraints

Which of the following statements is true regarding a foreign key in a relational database?

They are required.There can be only one per table.They are automatically indexed.Null values are allowed.

David, a database administrator, needs to remove a column from an existing database. Which command should he use?

ALTERDELETEDROPREMOVE

You open your web browser and type in www.google.com, but your computer can’t find the website. Your neighbor’s computer finds it just fine. What is most likely the cause?

Incorrect DNS configurationIncorrect DHCP configurationIncorrect WPA2 configurationThe website is down.

Your friend Marcos asks you which of the following are the most secure. What do you tell him?

802.11nInfraredFiber-opticUTP

Your need to set up a wireless router for a friend. He wants to be sure that his network is secure. Which wireless security method should you implement?

WPA2WPANATWEP

You have just created a new logo for your company. What should you get to protect the intellectual property?

TrademarkCopyrightPatentAsset protection

A user has been accused of hacking into a server. Which of the following would keep him from denying that he did it?

AuthenticationAuthorizationAccountingNonrepudiation

Your manager read about a replay attack and is worried a hacker will try to use it on your network. What type of concern is this?

ConfidentialityIntegrityAvailabilityAuthentication

Which of the following are considered device-hardening techniques? (Choose two.)

Disabling BluetoothRequiring complex passwordsEnabling single sign-onInstalling antispyware software

For security purposes, which of the following user accounts are disabled by default?

GuestUsersPower UsersAdministrator

You are browsing the Internet to purchase a gift for a friend. What two things should you look for to ensure that it’s safe to enter your credit card information? (Choose two.)

Security seal of approvalRSA Secure Access symbolA lock symbolHTTPS://

You just installed a new HP printer on your Dell computer and it’s not printing. What is the first source to check for information on the problem?

Dell’s websiteHP’s websiteGoogle searchInternet technical community groups

When configuring a backup solution for your computer, you decide that speed is the most important factor. Which storage option should you choose?

Locally attached storageNetwork attached storageCloud storageOffline storage

You have just completed a backup of your PC onto an optical disc. What is the next step you need to take?

Store the backup in a secure location.Burn the disc to ensure the data is saved.Test the backup to verify it works.Copy the backup data to a cloud.

Answers to the Assessment Test

C. A double-sided DVD-ROM can store more data than a dual-layer DVD-ROM, and both can store much more than a CD-ROM. There is no RS-ROM. See Chapter 1 for more information.

A, D. Hard disk drives (HDDs) are used to store user data in a persistent manner, meaning that data is retained after the power is turned off. Solid-state drives (SSDs) are one type of hard drive. See Chapter 1 for more information.

D. The basic input output system (BIOS) is firmware. It’s stored on a hardware chip called the CMOS. See Chapter 1 for more information.

B. VGA was the first widely used video connector standard, and it was released in 1987. See Chapter 2 for more information.

C. Digital cameras use memory cards. The most popular form of memory card on the market today is the SD card. See Chapter 2 for more information.

A. Scanners are input devices. Printers produce output. Touchscreens and flash drives are both input and output devices. See Chapter 2 for more information.