Computing for the Older and Wiser E-Book

Adrian Arnold

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 380

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

Beschreibung

Computing for the Older & Wiser is a simple-to-follow user friendly guide aimed at the older generation introducing the basics of mastering a computer. Covering the latest release of Windows Vista Home Premium(TM) and Windows XP(TM), this book is designed for people who want straightforward instructions on how to use their home PC.

Written in plain English, using no unintelligible 'computer speak' Adrian guides you step-by-step through the basics of computing including chapters on:

• Use of the keyboard and mouse
• Email and the Internet
• Customising your desktop
• Word processing
• Digital photography
• Useful websites
• and much more

Useful tips and tricks and a question and answer revision section in each chapter will build your confidence, get you up-to-date and technologically savvy in no time!

If you want to learn how to search and shop online, email or chat to family and friends, and you have the enthusiasm to learn a new skill then this book is for you.

• With explanatory screenshots in full colour
• Easy to read font
• Supplementary website - including additional exercises to help improve your PC skills, further online hints and tips, and a directory of useful resources. www.pcwisdom.co.uk

"Computing for the Older & Wiser will take readers comfortably through getting started on their home PC. The content is similar to what we would take our clients through if they were to attend a class, which is exactly the right level."
—Faye Lester, Computer Training Coordinator, Age Concern Camden, UK

"I have not had so much fun for years"
—Renee Moore, 79, pupil at Age Concern, Colchester, UK

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Acknowledgements

About the Author

Chapter 1: Introduction

Banishing Old Beliefs

Using a Home Computer

Getting on to the Internet

Getting Everything You Need to Start

Using this Book

Overcoming Your Fears

Revision

Part I: Basic Computing

Chapter 2: Learning the Basics-Desktop, Keyboard and Mouse

Windows Vista or Windows XP

Switching On the Computer

Understanding the Desktop

Focusing on the Keyboard

Operating the Mouse

Switching Off the Computer

Revision

Chapter 3: Understanding Windows

Using Windows Vista

Using Windows XP

Revision

Chapter 4: Working with disks, drives, folders and files

Using Windows Vista

Using Windows XP

Navigating the System

Revision

Chapter 5: Opening your first program

Locating and Opening WordPad in Vista

Locating and Opening WordPad in XP

Getting Familiar with WordPad in Vista and XP

Typing Text into WordPad

Creating Shortcuts

Revision

Chapter 6: Grasping basic word processing

Creating Your First Letter

Saving a File

Understanding Computer Memory

Closing a File

Reopening a File

Manipulating the Text in Your File

Altering the Appearance of Selected Text

Using Other Techniques

Printing a Document

Revision

Chapter 7: Customising your desktop

Adding a Shortcut Icon to Your Desktop

Changing the Look of Your Desktop

Customising the Taskbar

Revision

Chapter 8: Knowing how to get help

Taking Emergency Action

Using Program Help Facilities

Revision

Part II: Email and the Internet

Chapter 9: Getting connected to email and the Internet

Grasping the Concept of Internet and Email

Choosing an ISP

Selecting Your Internet Service

Getting Connected: Dial-up

Setting up an Internet Connection

Selecting Usernames and Passwords

Revision

Chapter 10: Using email

Getting Ready for the Big Send Off

Using Outlook Express for Windows XP

Composing a Message

Receiving a Message

Dealing with Attachments

Replying to an Email

Using Windows Mail for Vista

Revision

Chapter 11: Discovering the Internet & the World Wide Web

Understanding the Differences between the Web and the Internet

Using Microsoft’s Internet Browser

Looking at Web Pages

Working with Web Addresses

Viewing PDF Files

Revision

Chapter 12: Making the most of search engines and directories

Utilising Directories

Using Search Engines

Useful Searching Tips

Revision

Chapter 13: Shopping ‘online’

Paying Safe with Credit and Debit Cards

Advantages to Shopping Online

Disadvantages to Shopping Online

Considering Security Issues

Steps to improve your financial security on the Internet

The Mechanics of Web Shopping

Visiting Price Comparison Sites

Revision

Chapter 14: Travelling via the Web

Knowing What Makes a Good Deal

Making a Booking

Shopping for Bargain Flights Made Easier

Travelling Without Tickets

Revision

Chapter 15: Buying and selling on internet auctions

Discovering the Wonders of eBay

Registering on eBay

Buying on eBay

Paying via PayPal

Selling on eBay

Revision

Chapter 16: Loading software programs

Loading Programs on to Your Computer

A Strong Word of Warning

Revision

Chapter 17: Downloading programs from the Web

Knowing Why Freeware Exists

Understanding the Difference between Freeware and Shareware

Buying Software to Download

Downloading a Freeware Program

Revision

Part III: Advanced Tutorials

Chapter 18: Mastering basic photo manipulation

Preparing for Transfer - What You Need

Transferring Images from Camera Card to Computer

Using Picasa

Cataloguing Images

Editing Images

Re-naming and Cataloguing Images

Revision

Chapter 19: Tackling advanced word processing

Progressing from WordPad to Word

Changing the Appearance of the Type

Correcting Spelling and Grammar

AutoCorrect

Inserting Symbols

Inserting Pictures

Formatting Pictures

Formatting Text

Creating Tables

Mail Merge

Revision

Chapter 20: Progressing to advanced email

Coping with Junk Mail

Fighting Viruses and Other Nasties

Phishing

Organising Your Messages and Other Time-saving Features

Focusing on Email and Web Links

Considering Web-based Email Accounts

Signing Up to Hotmail

Setting Up Outlook Express to Work with Hotmail

Communicating with Instant Messaging

Revision

Chapter 21: Getting more out of the Internet

Choosing Alternative Web Browsers

Selecting Browser Toolbars

Using the Links Bar

Adding to the Favorites Menu

Making the Most of Google

Introducing Tabbed Browsing

Listening to Radio on Your Computer

Revision

Part IV: Appendices

Appendix A: Useful websites

Appendix B: Glossary

Index

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Arnold, Adrian.

Computing for the older and wiser : get up and running on with Windows Vista™ or Windows XP™ / Adrian Arnold.

p. cm.

Includes index.

ISBN 978-0-470-77099-3 (pbk.)

1. Computers and older people. 2. Internet and older people. 3. Microcomputers. I. Title.

QA76.9.O43A76 2008

004.084'6--dc22

2008037079

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 978-0-470-770993

To Jen for all her loving encouragement

Acknowledgements

I would like to express my deep gratitude to Juliet Booker, the best copy editor and proofreader in the country, and the John Wiley team of Birgit Gruber, Colleen Goldring and Brett Wells who have made this publication such a pleasure to complete. I would also like to give thanks to Steve Long for being so creative with his cartoons.

About the Author

Adrian Arnold is a retired veterinary surgeon who lives with his wife, Jen, in the Stour valley of East Anglia. He has co-written a detailed history of his home village of Boxted, many newspaper articles on veterinary medicine and computing, and three unpublished novels. He now spends most of his time teaching members of the Third Age how to use their computers and writing stories for his four grandchildren.

Chapter 1

Introduction

This book is designed for people who want straightforward instructions in the use of their home computer. There are no unexplained acronyms, such as SCSI, RAM or URL, no unintelligible ‘computerspeak’ of megahertz, advanced resource management systems or graphics card drivers, and certainly no meaningless jargon.

The content of the book is directed solely at PC users working with either Windows Vista Home Premium or Windows XP operating systems. Mac users are not catered for - sorry.

You are taken gently from the act of switching the computer on and off, right through to quite sophisticated use of the Internet, email and digital photography. Each chapter is designed to expand and reinforce previous chapters and comes with a question and answer summary. Meanwhile, here are some initial considerations that may have crossed your mind.

Banishing Old Beliefs

Let us get a few preconceived thoughts out of the way before we go any further. Perhaps you are thinking that you are too old to start tinkering around with technology and that it should be left to students and computer geeks. Well, push that thought to one side for a moment and see if you feel the same way having read this chapter.

Knowing age is no barrier

One Texan doctor began his computing career at the age of 86 and now has his own web page ten years later. My oldest client is 91 and happily sending emails to her grandchildren scattered across the globe.

Your mind may be a little slower and your memory a little more elusive but if you can drive a car or use a cash machine you should be able to use a computer. Note that I did not say ‘understand’ - few of us understand the finer points of the internal combustion engine but that does not prevent us from using a car. Decreasing vision and slower reflexes may result in a road accident but you will never run anyone over with a computer. As long as your mind is active and enquiring, using a computer can expand your horizons far beyond the comfort of your own home.

You will invariably feel apprehensive at the thought of new technology. My father had a brilliant mathematician’s mind but he insisted on checking the early calculators’ answers by doing it manually. It took him about three years to admit that they could be faster and occasionally more accurate. (Cash machines are simply basic computers, just like the controls of a microwave.)

Personally, whenever I try to program the video recorder I risk physical damage because it appears to bear a specific grudge against me and insists on recording any television programme other than the one I had intended. My wife has no desire to use a computer and yet the video recorder obeys her every command. This is not to say that she does not recognise the benefits of computers at home - she asks me to organise things on the Internet several times a week - it’s just that she has no desire to learn computing skills, and that’s just fine.

Some familiarity with the QWERTY typewriter keyboard is an advantage but touch-typing skills are not called for. I have been computing for 25 years and I still only use about four fingers and even then I get it wrong from time to time. It can be frustrating ‘hunting and pecking’ for letters and symbols but just like riding a bicycle, it comes together after a short while. After all, one thing we older members of society should have, is time.

Modern computers cater for those with restricted vision and arthritic hands. Help is always to hand in the form of this book and via a simple keystroke on the keyboard. Computer screens can be magnified, print can be enlarged, and alternatives to the navigating ‘mouse’ are available that are easier on stiff fingers and wrists (see Chapter 2). There are even sound effects to warn you of impending disaster or incoming mail.

All too often, you may be subjected to a vision of the younger generations’ fingers that seemingly fly across the keyboard while the screen flashes from one image to another, which quite frankly can be a little overwhelming and may be responsible for deterring their elders from ever starting to use a computer. But let us consider this, if the only cyclist you had ever seen was one riding a unicycle in a circus, you would be very hesitant to learn to ride a bike. Remember that every concert pianist initially had to master the basic scales in just the same way that every amateur playing the piano in back of the pub has to practise. It may take a little longer, but every skill demands some practise. If you fall off a bike you may land up in hospital, but if your computer crashes, you simply switch it off and make yourself a cup of tea.

Sorting out gender differences

The male brain is no better than the female brain - in fact, it can be a lot worse. In my experience, it can be much more difficult to teach men about computing as they often want to run before they can walk. Women, on the other hand, tend to take matters one step at a time and like to reinforce their knowledge by repetition. Men may prefer to research military history or check their investments, while women may be more interested in communication with distant families or increase their knowledge of gardening.

No matter what benefits you may want from your computer you still have to master its basic use. The man in his open-top, vintage sports car and the woman in her three-door hatchback both need to have similar driving skills.

Stretching the mind

The main requisites for successful computing are enthusiasm and a desire to learn. If you are retired and lead a full life of social encounters, gardening, travel and engrossing hobbies then you may not have the time or the inclination to use a computer. If this is the case, put this book back on the shelf and continue enjoying yourself. A computer is not essential to a happy life.

If you have the time to expand your mind and the desire to do so then a computer can be your ticket to a vast, new world of knowledge, communication and entertainment. For many older people the greatest reward is the satisfaction of acquiring a new skill. A skill that bridges the age gap between grandparents and grandchildren is one that enables the generations to explore together.

Today’s busy parents often have little time or energy left at the end of a working day to help children with their homework, whereas computer-literate grandparents can provide wisdom as well as the facts. For instance, what is the population of Columbia and what are the facts concerning cocaine? Small children as young as five and under are proud to teach Grandpa their computing skills, while he enjoys their company and imparts some of his knowledge.

Teenagers are another matter altogether - unless Grandma has a mind to carry a Kalashnikov against the forces of Evil. Nevertheless, a certain amount of their bizarre vocabulary will be gained from reading this book, allowing basic communication on a shared enthusiasm.

In short, if you have the mind, the time and the enthusiasm to learn a new skill then this is the book for you - if not, continue to enjoy your life.

Using a Home Computer

The computer does not have to be connected to the outside world for it to become a valuable tool for making your life easier and more interesting.

For example, home accounting programs have become very user-friendly over the past few years; secretaries of local organisations can keep accurate records of activities and membership and mail letters with just a few key strokes; instant photography in the form of digital cameras costing less than £100 has exploded; and so much more genealogy can be investigated at home. Diaries do not have to be replaced every year and telephone directories do not contain four different numbers in various writing materials leaving you wondering which one is current.

Photos, CDs and other music, stamp collections and other treasured memories can be catalogued in hundreds of different ways allowing instant retrieval. Computers can play your music or you can tune in to thousands of radio stations across the world or enjoy listening to the latest Test Match while the rest of the family are watching EastEnders.

As we get older our memory begins to fail - just a little - and computers can remind us of birthdays, anniversaries and appointments well in time for us to go out to buy a card or take the cat to the vet. Making photocopies no longer require a car trip to the town library. Christmas card lists can be kept up to date and flyers announcing the Church Jumble Sale can be printed all with the help of a computer.

The home computer is your servant - not your master.

Getting on to the Internet

In addition, for getting the most of your home computer, you have the option of using the Internet with all its multitude of functions. Even long-term web-surfers barely scratch the surface of this resource goldmine, and that is exactly what it is - a resource. Knowledge, information and tuition are just part of this resource while communication, banking and shopping offer further arms of assistance. You can improve your computer’s performance by downloading various files and programs from the Internet as well as get unbiased reviews from paying customers on the latest books and films. The Internet and the Web, or cyberspace, is explained in Chapter 11.

Communication

Research shows that the most popular use for the home computer lies in the field of communication. Messages can be sent across the world in a matter of seconds; family members separated by thousands of miles can exchange photographs; tickets for concerts, flights and sporting events are only a few finger movements away; and advice on every subject under the sun is available instantly in your own home. Email is covered in Chapter 10.

Information

The fact that you are browsing through this book suggests that you have an enquiring mind. Possibly, you have the sort of mind that is stimulated several times a week, always wanting to know more. A home computer linked to the Internet will satisfy your quest for knowledge even if it is of a bizarre nature:

How old was Napoleon when he died?

Where is the Quoit Tower?

What are the words of the song ‘Windmills of Your Mind’?

When did the Sumerian dynasty reign?

Who was the first Pope to hold his court at Avignon?

Why do we need wind farms?

How do I learn origami?

The answers to all these questions and millions more are available on the Internet. Details of how to search for such answers are found in Chapter 12.

Shopping

Internet shopping is the second most common use of the home computer. Books, CDs and DVDs are among the most popular purchases but there are many bargains to be found, from garden plants and equipment to bed linen, kitchen appliances and children’s toys.

Supermarket shopping on the Web can be especially helpful, removing the logistical headache of coping with cumbersome loads, such as the big weekly shop and heavy items like huge boxes of washing powder or bargain packs of beer. Of course, working parents may have difficulty with the delivery times of such items but the older generation can organise their lives more freely.

In addition to the normal Mail Order form of shopping there are the very popular auction sites. These are like huge car-boot sales selling everything from precious stones to early editions of The Beano. Shopping and auctions are covered in Chapters 13 and 15, respectively.

Hobbies

Hobbies ranging from antiques to woodworking are scattered across the Web in the form of newsgroups, discussion seminars and tutorial pages - everything from harmonica lessons to instructions on the best methods for restoring a church organ. No matter what your interest you will find stimulation and information to fill 36 hours in a day.

The information stored on the Internet is almost always free - for the time being anyway. Such information can be as simple as finding the best route from Chipping Camden to Elmstead Market or discovering the correct definition of ‘puddingstone’, or it can be as detailed as uncovering the agricultural practices of the Mayan civilisation. It is like having a library of reference books immediately to hand. A few sites offering cutting-edge information, such as real-time Stock Market prices or detailed analysis of market research, do charge for their services but these form a very small minority.

Sport

Almost every sport devised by man is covered by the Internet - from American football to Zen archery. At least one cricketing site will provide enthusiasts with analysis of thousands of matches while football sites range from the massive Manchester United to the minnows of Boxted Lodgers.

Holidays

Fancy a break? What about a small bed and breakfast overlooking Loch Lomond or a lecture tour to the Egyptian pyramids? Not only can you book it all from the comfort of your own home but you can read unbiased opinions on your proposed destination. Chapter 14 gives information on travelling and holidays.

Financial security issues

Buying products and holidays on the Internet is all very well but what about the security of your credit-card details? Let us say that you are driving to Scotland and decide to stop for lunch at an unknown restaurant. At the end of Your meal you hand over your card to be swiped, enter your pin number, collect the receipt and return to your car. During this seemingly safe, acceptable method of payment you have left significant details of your card transaction with people you have never met and whose honesty you have never questioned. Yet, they only have to turn the card over to see your security code and they can use the information to charge items to your account. However, you may not be aware that it requires a far greater amount of technical knowledge to intercept your financial details over a secure internet connection than it does for these normal, everyday card transactions. (See Chapter 13 for greater coverage of payment security issues.)

Of course there are risks involved and people do have their identities stolen but you are more likely to be severely injured in a car accident than be a victim of this type of fraud. But knowing the risk does not put you off driving the car.

Getting Everything You Need to Start

Well, you have made the decision to join the computing society but what do you actually need to get started? A computer, obviously, but that answer is of no help at all. What kind of computer? Should you buy new or second-hand? Laptop or desktop? How much RAM do you need, that’s if you even know what RAM means? What about modems, routers and disk space? If you have any idea what I am talking about then you should not be reading this book.

You could visit one of the high-street computer chain stores to make your purchase. Unfortunately, many of the sales people at these places seem to communicate in a language that is only distantly related to spoken English and, however helpful they are trying to be, you will soon feel the overwhelming urge to run out of the shop, silently screaming.

The answer, as usual, is to get advice from a friend - a guardian angel - someone who understands your needs and anxieties and can translate them into technical language. People over the age of 25 to 30 tend to be better ‘translators’ whereas children tend to get overexcited by the prospect of the latest power and speed of a new computer.

However, before you approach your guardian angel there are a few matters to take into consideration:

Where do you expect to use the computer? A permanent position is better than the kitchen table.

How much space can you allocate to computing? If you are limited by size then a laptop machine about the size of an attaché case may be more suitable than a desktop computer. You will still need to find space for a printer.

Are there sufficient power sockets within easy reach? You will need a minimum of four sockets but these could be provided by extension sockets.

Where is the nearest telephone point? Trailing extension leads through the house can lead to nasty accidents.

Finally, do you have adequate lighting? Staring at a screen in dark corners is very tiring, while bright light in a conservatory can also make the screen difficult to read.

Have you got a firm idea about what you are going to use the computer for?

Use of the Internet and email requires an accessible telephone point.

Digital photography needs a suitable high-quality printer with additional computer ‘memory’.

Accounts, records and word processing only requires a basic machine. A 17-inch screen will put less strain on your eyes and a ‘flat’ screen takes up far less room; they are easier to view but they are more expensive.

Laptops jump up in price when you move above a 15.4-inch screen.

How confident are you that your enthusiasm will last?

Perfectly suitable second-hand or reconditioned machines can be bought at a fraction of the price of new equipment.

Mention the fact that you are thinking of getting a computer to your friends, relatives and neighbours. It may turn out that someone is considering upgrading their machine, which would suit your purposes perfectly.

How much money are you prepared to spend?

A new desktop computer with a 20” flat screen monitor will cost you about £450

A new laptop with a 15.6” screen will cost around £400 while a 17” screen model will cost just under £500

An all-in-one colour printer and copier should cost less than £100

A second hand desktop with a 20” screen might cost as little as £200

A second hand laptop with 17” screen may be picked up for as little as £250

Laptops have an obvious space-saving advantage but without a permanent power connection their battery life will only last about 4-6 hours before requiring recharging. Connection to the Internet necessitates a telephone connection and the printer will need another couple of cables so the idea of reclining on the sofa in front of the fire while sending emails may be a little optimistic unless you are set up with wireless connections.

Desktops are larger in physical size and offer bigger screens at lower prices. A study, workroom or spare bedroom is ideal but not always available for use as a computer room so you may have to set up in an unused corner of the living room.

Having established where you are going to place your computer, I would suggest the following minimum specification for the machine:

17” screen (also called a monitor) - preferably flat

A CPU speed of at least 2.5Ghz

2048K of RAM

640Mb of hard disk space

Windows Vista Home Premium or Windows XP operating system.

A DVD/RW drive

An internal modem or router. A wireless connection would reduce the need for extra wires

Please do not try to understand these specifications. They are listed simply to guide your guardian angel to the kind of computer that should be perfectly adequate for every lesson in this book - and beyond.

Using this Book

Before we proceed any further, I have made the assumption that your computer has been properly connected - keyboard, mouse and screen (monitor), together with any printer cables, have all been inserted into their correct sockets. At this stage, I must state that it is not your responsibility to set up the computer in this way - so, I hear you ask, how exactly is this achieved? Quite simply. You need to ensure that, as a condition of the sale, whoever you buy the computer from does the installation, and confirms that your equipment is in perfect working order. If a commercial company does not offer this service, walk away. However, it is more likely that a friend or relative will be advising you at this point so part of your agreement with them should be that they set up the system in your own home. Teenage children are an invaluable resource at this stage but please resist any well-meaning offers of them helping to teach you. The whole set-up should take no longer than an hour and that includes establishing an Internet connection and your email service.

With your system properly set up you can proceed at your own pace through the various parts of the book. The chapters in Part I take you through the basics of turning the computer on, recognising the elements of the screen, keyboard and mouse, through to the concepts of computer memory, files and folders before introducing you to programs like word processing - typing a letter or email - and sending a message and surfing the Net. Spending sufficient time on these chapters may prove difficult as you will experience a natural desire to run before you can walk. However, your future enjoyment of computer use will depend upon grasping the basics presented here.

Part II coaches you how to navigate your way through whatever interests you may have in mind from your computer. Some chapters can be left until later or even ignored if they don’t appeal. For instance, you may be quite happy with the layout of your computer screen and decide that you can skip the chapter on customising your desktop. That’s fine - it’s your computer. However, you will need a sound knowledge of the basics to avoid frustration in later chapters. Before you launch into each chapter, a list of the equipment and skills required is given to ensure that you will benefit from the advice that follows - if at any time you are not confident about proceeding, simply go back a step or two.

Part III takes you further into the use of your PC with chapters on simple photo manipulation and more advanced use of word processing, emails and the Internet.

Part IV provides some useful information in the way of a list of websites (Appendix A) - covering a multitude of different products, interests and information, just to set you off in the right direction when surfing the Net - and finally, a glossary of commonly used computer jargon (Appendix B).

When you first sit down at your new computer you may be tempted to rush into those computer functions that have attracted you to using a computer in the first place. Please try to put that temptation to one side - you may not succeed - but please try. In the knowledge that many of you will fall from grace, I have included a chapter on getting help (Chapter 8) giving hints and tips that can winch you back to safety from even the most uncharted territory.

Icons used in this book

Occasionally, you will notice symbolic images in the margin. These have been introduced to help focus your attention on certain information and are summarised as follows:

Tip

Tips and suggestions to help make life easier for you

Take note of these little extras to avoid confusion

Read carefully, a few things could go wrong at this point

Try It

Go on, enjoy yourself you won’t break it

Overcoming Your Fears

One of the most compelling reasons I had to write this book was to eliminate, or at least reduce, the fear that many people suffer when faced by a computer for the first time. This fear can be divided into three parts: the fear of ‘breaking it’, the fear of ‘looking stupid’, and the fear of ‘losing all your hard work’ when something goes wrong.

Fear of breaking it

Computers are really very robust these days. Laptops are dropped every day and continue to work and you will find it difficult to lift a desktop machine never mind drop it. Flooding to a depth of 12 inches - 30 cms if you are decimal literate - will ruin a computer but then your furniture will not appreciate it either. Televisions are just as vulnerable to a spilt cup of coffee and certainly cause more fires than computers. Yes, keyboards are occasionally susceptible to damage but they can be replaced for less than £20 - the cost of an off-peak train journey to London from the Home Counties.

Of course, this does not mean that computers don’t go wrong. They do - in the same way that cars suddenly decide not to start - and they can be equally frustrating. In both cases, it is unlikely that it is your fault. There is an exercise in Chapter 2 that will help you overcome the understandable fear of destroying your keyboard.

Fear of looking stupid

It is part of the human condition to worry about the opinions of one’s peer group. You are in very good company when the fear of looking foolish strikes. This book can help you overcome this fear in that you can lock yourself away with the computer in front of you with this book to one side. Beware of any well-meaning friends who insist on ‘showing’ you how to use your computer. If they do not have the ability to ‘tell’ you where you are going wrong they do not have the aptitude to teach and should stick to their daytime job. You do not learn to play the piano by watching someone else play.

I never sit at the keyboard when I am teaching. I sit beside the pupil who has strict instructions to smack my hand away if it begins to creep towards the keyboard. When things do go wrong - and they will - have a gentle laugh with yourself.

Fear of losing all your hard work

The fear of losing your files or messages is a much more reasonable worry. You may have spent the best part of an hour typing, with two fingers, a detailed email message to your daughter in Australia when the power supply fails and the screen goes blank taking all your hard work with it. The mechanics of computer memory is discussed in the chapter on word processing (Chapter 6) but, at this stage, just remember to save your work to the computer on a regular basis then all that you are likely to lose is the last 5 or 10 minutes of your labours.

Allied to this fear is that of wiping everything from your computer. Apart from your memory disk suffering a catastrophic failure - about as likely as your modern car engine seizing up on the motorway - you need a degree in computing science to destroy everything on your computer.

Now let us see how well you are assimilating these early computing facts . . .

Revision

There may be more than one correct answer to each question.

1. Why is a laptop better than a desktop computer?

(a) It is cheaper

(b) It takes up less space

(c) It does not need a printer

(d) It is less likely to break down

2. Why is a desktop computer better than a laptop?

(a) It is cheaper

(b) It is more reliable

(c) Screens can be larger

3. What is RAM?

(a) Really Active Memory

(b) A male sheep

(c) I don’t need to know

4. What use is a computer?

(a) It keeps the mind active

(b) It is a superb reference tool

(c) It can save you money in many ways

(d) It can mow the grass

5. What use is a printer?

(a) Printing out email messages, photographs and recipes

(b) Computers will not work without one

(c) To connect to the Internet

(d) Printed documents are often easier to read than on a screen

6. What is a computer mouse?

(a) A large computer virus

(b) Something I will learn about later in this book

(c) The natural prey of a computer CAT

(d) A device for moving a pointer around the screen

7. What is email?

(a) A message sent within Europe

(b) An electronic message to or from computers

(c) An urgent message

(d) An ecologically friendly envelope

Part I

Basic Computing

© Steve Long Cartoons

Chapter 2

Learning the Basics-Desktop, Keyboard and Mouse

Equipment needed - Computer, monitor, keyboard and mouse, Windows Vista Home Premium or Windows XP operating system

Skills needed - Enthusiasm and an open mind

Okay, so you are sitting in front of this strange machine wondering what on earth to do with it. This chapter will take you through the very basics of turning it on, turning it off, what you should expect to see and what some of it means, together with familiarising you with the keyboard and mouse.

Windows Vista or Windows XP

Microsoft Windows Vista Home Premium and Microsoft Windows XP programs are both what are known as operating systems; from time to time I refer to these systems in short as Vista and XP. They are the things that make the computer work - like the controls of a car. Computing manufacturers are continually trying to improve their products and Windows Vista is an updated version of the older but still reliable Windows XP. Most new computers come with Vista already installed while the older, but perfectly suitable, machines available are still operating XP. The difference can best be described as learning to drive a car compared to riding a motor cycle. They both have accelerators, clutches, gears and brakes but they are operated in different ways. This book aims to cover both systems helping you through the differences.

Switching On the Computer

Before you start the computer up, switch on all the extras like the monitor, printer, scanner and loudspeakers. These extras are called the peripherals.Most of them will have buttons which, when pressed, cause a small light to appear somewhere on the equipment.

All set? Then press the main power button on the front of the computer itself. Again, a light will appear and you will hear various whirring sounds start up - this is perfectly normal.

If you do not see any lights come on then chances are you have forgotten to turn the computer on at the wall socket. Some computers have a main switch on the back, which is thoroughly inconvenient but should be switched on and left switched on. Why do you turn on the peripherals before the computer? Because when the computer starts up it needs to identify the peripherals before it can work with them.

Now - leave it alone! Your computer has got a lot of work to do to get everything up and running and if you try to press keys or wiggle the mouse around you may confuse or interrupt it. Be patient!

Looking at the opening screen

What can you expect to see on the screen while the computer is getting itself sorted? This will vary slightly between different computers but they all follow a general sequence. You may see an advertising logo or picture at first that may or may not be followed by a black and white screen listing a range of computer values. Completely ignore these as well as any other sudden, inexplicable blips on the screen.

After a couple of minutes - the time depends upon the type and speed of your computer - the black and white screen will be replaced by a colour image. The screen may change to black from time to time but eventually the screen will look very much like either of the images on page 22.

This screen is called the desktop because, as we shall discover, it contains almost everything that you may find on top of a real office desk - a typewriter, a telephone, fax machine and copier, pens, pencils, crayons, notepads, files, paper clips, letters - everything except a cup of coffee.

Throughout the warming up time you may notice a small white arrow and an hourglass, or rotating circle on the screen (just as shown here in the margin!). The arrow is the mouse pointer (for both Vista and XP) that changes to a rotating circle (Vista) or an hourglass shape (XP) when the computer is actively performing a task. When the hourglass/circle is no longer showing it means that the computer has established the desktop on the screen so now’s the time to try moving your mouse about on the mouse mat beside you. If everything has worked properly the arrow should move about following the direction of your mouse movements. You use the mouse to point the arrow at various areas on the screen. You will find more detailed instructions on how to use the mouse later in this chapter.

Understanding the Desktop

If you are feeling totally lost up an uncharted creek at this stage - don’t worry, it is perfectly normal to do so; I have a number of paddles to get you into clearer waters.

Let us take a closer look at this screen of confusion - check out the example windows on page 22 - the top image is a typical Vista desktop and the bottom one a typical XP desktop window.

The labelled symbols, usually displayed on the left-hand side of the screen, are known as icons. Your initial screen may not display the number of icons shown in these examples because these screenshots are taken from my own computer to which I have added a large number of programs. You will probably only see half a dozen at the most. The two icons in the top left-hand column are probably entitled ‘My Documents’ and My Computer’ or something similar. We will deal with these later. The grey or coloured bar running along the bottom of the screen (now called the desktop!) is called the taskbar, at the left-hand end of which you can see the Start button

The Windows Vista desktop has further features on the right-hand side known as gadgets - such as a clock, a calendar and a miniature picture slide show.

Finally, you should be able to see the pointed arrow - if not move your mouse around and it will follow your movements. By moving this pointer around with the mouse you can navigate your way around the desktop.

The taskbar

There are five small icons on the Vista Quickstart bar and four small icons on the XP Quickstart bar. Looking at the taskbar (as indicated on the Vista desktop image), reading from left to right, we have the Start button; a group of four small icons; a further group of small icons; and the time of day at the right-hand end of the bar. The XP taskbar is very similar in that we have the Start button; a group of five small icons; a further group of small icons and the time of day at the right-hand end.

The Start button is your first point of communication with the computer at this stage. Using the mouse, with either Vista or XP, place the pointer so that it lies directly over this area and press the left button on the mouse once (flick forward to the section that describes the mouse if you are not sure about what to press). The Start menu now pops up, which again may vary in appearance depending on your operating system (see the Vista Start menu below and the XP Start menu on page 24).

The two Start menus look dissimilar but their functions remain the same. We will return to the Start menus later in this chapter so let us continue to identify the other elements of the taskbar.

You can leave the Start menu function by moving the mouse pointer anywhere on the screen away from the menu and pressing the left-mouse button.

The Quick Launch bar

The next group of icons shown on the taskbar (refer to the desktop images) are collectively known as the Quick Launch bar (positioned immediately to the right of the Start button in both systems). These are shortcuts to frequently used programs such as word processing, email, the Internet and accounting files.

If you can not see the quick launch icon then more than likely this bar is currently hidden from your screen due to the current screen set-up. Not to worry, we can sort this out later in Chapter 7.

Minimised icons

Icons of programs that have been opened (but not closed) are known as minimised icons - literally, minimised down from the full screen to tabs on the taskbar but with the programs still running in the background waiting for you to return to them. The taskbar shown next shows that I have three programs open - my calendar, a BBC web page and a word-processor file:

I can click on any one of the programs to restore them fully to the screen. Since we have not opened any programs yet this area of your taskbar will be blank.

Startup bar

The startup bar is shown at the far right-hand end of the taskbar:

These are the icons of programs initiated by the computer when it started up such as the clock, the speakers, anti-virus programs and video controls, among others. The number and position of the icons depends upon your own initial set-up.

Icon identification