Control and Filter Design of Single-Phase Grid-Connected Converters E-Book

Weimin Wu

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 313

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2022

Beschreibung

Control and Filter Design of Single-Phase Grid-Connected Converters A state-of-the-art discussion of modern grid inverters In Control and Filter Design of Single-Phase Grid-Connected Converters, a team of distinguished researchers deliver a robust and authoritative treatment of critical distributed power generation technologies, grid-connected inverter designs, and renewable energy utilization. The book includes detailed explanations of the system structure of distributed generation (DG)-grid interface converters and the methods of controlling DG-grid interface voltage source converters (VSCs) with high-order filters. The authors also explore the challenges and obstacles associated with modern power electronic grid-connected inverter control technology and introduce some designed systems that meet these challenges, such as the grid impedance canceller. Readers will discover demonstrations of basic principles, guidelines, examples, and design and simulation programs for grid-connected inverters based on LCL/LLCL technology. They will also find: * A thorough introduction to the architectures of DG-grid interfacing converters, including the challenges of controlling DG-grid interfacing VSCs with high-order filters * Comprehensive explorations of the control structure and modulation techniques of single-phase grid-tied inverters * Practical discussions of an LLCL power filter for single-phase grid-tied inverters * Fulsome treatments of design methods of passive damping for LCL/LLCL-filtered grid-tied inverters Perfect for researchers, postgraduate students, and senior level undergraduate students of electrical engineering, Control and Filter Design of Single-Phase Grid-Connected Converters will also benefit research & development engineers involved with the design and manufacture of power electronic inverters.

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IEEE Press445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854

IEEE Press Editorial BoardSarah Spurgeon, Editor in Chief

Jón Atli Benediktsson

Andreas Molisch

Diomidis Spinellis

Anjan Bose

Saeid Nahavandi

Ahmet Murat Tekalp

Adam Drobot

Jeffrey Reed

Peter (Yong) Lian

Thomas Robertazzi

Control and Filter Design of Single‐Phase Grid‐Connected Converters

Weimin Wu

Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China

Frede Blaabjerg

Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

Henry Chung

City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong

Yuanbin He

Hangzhou Dianzi University, Zhejiang, China

Min Huang

Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China

Copyright © 2023 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication DataNames: Wu, Weimin (Professor), author. | Blaabjerg, Frede, author. | Chung, Henry Shu-hung, author. | He, Yuanbin, author. | Huang, Min (Assistant professor), author.Title: Control and filter design of single phase grid-connected converters / Weimin Wu, Frede Blaabjerg, Henry Chung, Yuanbin He, Min Huang.Description: Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley-IEEE Press, [2023] | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2022046741 (print) | LCCN 2022046742 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119886549 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119886570 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119886587 (epub)Subjects: LCSH: Electric inverters. | Distributed generation of electric power.Classification: LCC TK7872.I65 W826 2023 (print) | LCC TK7872.I65 (ebook) | DDC 621.3815/322--dc23/eng/20221018LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022046741LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022046742

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Author Biography

Weimin Wu (M’16) received his BS degree in electrical engineering from Anhui University of Science & Technology Anhui, China, in 1997; his MS degree in control theory and control engineering from Shanghai University, Shanghai, China, in 2001; and his PhD degree in electrical engineering from the College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2005.

He worked as a research engineer in the Delta Power Electronic Center (DPEC), Shanghai, from July 2005 to June 2006. Since July 2006, he has been a faculty member at Shanghai Maritime University, where he is currently a full professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering. He was a visiting professor in the Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA, from September 2008 to March 2009. From November 2011 to January 2014, he was also a visiting professor in the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark, working at the Center of Reliable Power Electronics (CORPE). He has coauthored over 200 papers and holds 18 patents. His areas of interest include power converters for renewable energy systems, power quality, smart grid, and energy storage technology. Prof. Wu serves as an associate editor for the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

Frede Blaabjerg (S’86–M’88–SM’97–F’03) was with ABB‐Scandia, Randers, Denmark, from 1987 to 1988. From 1988 to 1992, he was a Ph.D. Student with Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark. He got his PhD degree in electrical engineering at Aalborg University in 1995. He became an assistant professor in 1992, an associate professor in 1996, and a full professor of power electronics and drives in 1998 at AAU Energy. From 2017 he became a Villum Investigator. He is honoris causa at University Politehnica Timisoara (UPT), Romania, in 2017 and Tallinn Technical University (TTU), Estonia, in 2018.

His current research interests include power electronics and its applications such as in wind turbines, PV systems, reliability, harmonics, and adjustable speed drives. He has published more than 600 journal papers in the fields of power electronics and its applications. He is the coauthor of four monographs and editor of ten books in power electronics and its applications.

He has received 33 IEEE Prize Paper Awards, the IEEE PELS Distinguished Service Award in 2009, the EPE‐PEMC Council Award in 2010, the IEEE William E. Newell Power Electronics Award 2014, the Villum Kann Rasmussen Research Award 2014, the Global Energy Prize in 2019, and the 2020 IEEE Edison Medal. He was the editor in chief of the IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics from 2006 to 2012. He was a distinguished lecturer for the IEEE Power Electronics Society from 2005 to 2007 and for the IEEE Industry Applications Society from 2010 to 2011 as well as 2017 to 2018. In 2019–2020 he served as the president of the IEEE Power Electronics Society. He was the vice president of the Danish Academy of Technical Sciences.

He was nominated in 2014–2021 by Thomson Reuters to be among the most 250 cited researchers in engineering in the world.

Henry Chung (M’95‐SM’03‐F’16) received his BEng and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, in 1991 and 1994, respectively. Since 1995, he has been with the City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, where he is currently Dean of Students, a chair professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering, and the director of the Centre for Smart Energy Conversion and Utilization Research.

His current research interests include renewable energy conversion technologies, lighting technologies, energy harvesting, smart grid technologies, and computational intelligence for power electronic systems. He has edited one book, authored eight research book chapters, and published over 460 technical papers including 220 refereed journal papers in his research areas, and he holds 80 patents.

Prof. Chung is recipient of the 2021 IEEE PELS R. David Middlebrook Achievement Award, the CityU Teaching Excellence Award in 2022 and 2018, respectively, and the Outstanding Research Award in 2020. He is currently associate editor of the IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics and the IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics. He was the editor in chief of the IEEE Power Electronics Letters from 2014–2018. He was also chair of the Technical Committee of the High‐Performance and Emerging Technologies, IEEE Power Electronics Society in 2010–2014. He has received numerous industrial awards for energy saving technologies he invented.

Yuanbin He received both his BS and MS degrees in electrical engineering from The Shanghai Maritime University, in 2009 and 2011, respectively, and his PhD degree in electrical engineering from The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, in 2017, where he also worked as a research assistant from April to August 2013 and a postdoctoral research fellow from February to July 2017. From July 2011 to March 2013, he worked as an associate researcher in Nanjing FSP‐Powerland Technology Inc., Nanjing, China, where he has been engaged in research and development of on‐board charger and photovoltaic grid‐connected inverters. From February to June 2016, he was a visiting scholar at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. Since May 2017, he has been with the Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China, where he is currently an associate professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation. His current research areas include renewable energy generation system, power quality, and smart grid.

Min Huang received her BS degree in electrical engineering from Anhui University of Technology, her MS degree in electrical engineering from the Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China, in 2012, and her PhD degree in electrical engineering from the Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, in 2015. During August–November 2014, she was a visiting scholar at the University of Alberta, Canada. Since April 2016, she has been with the Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China, where she is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering. Her research interests include power quality, control, and power converters for renewable energy systems.

Preface

The purpose of this book is to promote a comprehensive understanding of high‐order power filter design and system stability control of grid‐connected inverters for senior undergraduates, graduate students, researchers, and engineers in the electrical engineering area.

Distributed generation systems are widely used in future power systems, and grid‐connected inverters based on high‐order filters will be important interface devices. In the single‐phase system and the three‐phase four‐wire three‐phase system, the LLCL filter can significantly save more grid‐side inductance than the LCL filter. Note that the smaller grid‐side inductance not only saves costs but also faces the larger control challenges caused by the large variation of the grid equivalent impedance or reactance. This book first conducts in‐depth theoretical analysis on how to reasonably design LCL and LLCL filters and gives design examples; second, it studies and analyzes how to use pure passive damping, hybrid damping, and LC trap voltage active damping methods to improve the stability of the LCL or LLCL‐filtered grid‐connected inverter; finally, it also analyzes how to improve the performance of grid‐connected inverters by adopting the method of canceling the grid impedance in series.

This book contains 10 chapters:

Chapter 1

begins with a brief introduction to the power conversion and control stages of low‐voltage grid‐tied inverters and the intrinsic and extrinsic challenges of controlling grid‐tied voltage source inverters with higher‐order power filters, and then briefly reviews how the different responses measure.

Chapter 2

introduces the control structure and modulation techniques of single‐phase grid‐connected inverter.

Chapter 3

analyzes the principles and design methods of

LCL

and

LLCL

filters based on the PWM voltage spectrum of a single‐phase grid‐connected inverter. It can be seen that the

LLCL

filter can save 38% of the total inductance compared to the

LCL

filter.

Chapter 4

presents two different

LLCL

filter measures to suppress EMI noise with almost negligible additional hardware cost.

Chapter 5

studies how to design the reasonable passive RC damper for

LCL

or

LLCL

‐filtered grid‐connected inverter under stiff or weak grid.

When the equivalent grid impedance changes over a wide range,

Chapter 6

introduces a pure composite passive damper to ensure the stability of system, but with extra material of inductance.

In order to ensure the stability of

LCL

or

LLCL

‐filtered grid‐connected inverters in the case of large grid impedance variation and low cost, the hybrid damping method is introduced in

Chapter 7

, and the detailed design process is given.

Also, in some cases the inverter is connected to the grid via long cables.

Chapter 8

presents a robust design of an impedance‐based

LLCL

‐filtered grid‐tied inverter to cope with wide variations in grid reactance.

Different from traditional capacitor current active damping method of a

LCL

‐type grid‐connected inverter, in

Chapter 9

, a simple damper with trap voltage feedback is investigated for a

LLCL

‐filtered system, where lesser noise complications and faster dynamics can be achieved.

Chapter 10

discusses an active grid impedance cancelator using the concept of a series active filter to suppress the impact of grid impedance and to stabilize single‐phase grid‐connected inverter with

LCL

filter under variable grid conditions. Compared with the traditional inverter, the reshaped inverter with the grid impedance cancelator performs as a well‐damped one without equivalent grid impedance.

Finally, the authors hope to further promote the widespread application of higher‐order filters, especially

LLCL

filters, in the field of low‐voltage renewable distributed power generation systems.

Part IBackground

1Introduction

A paradigm shift from large power plants to small distributed generation (DG) systems located at the point of consumption is an emerging trend in the field of electricity. In recent years, DG systems have been powered by photovoltaic (PV) cells, wind turbines, wave generators, fuel cells, small hydro‐powered, and gas‐powered combined heat and power stations [1–5]. As reported by the Global Renewable Energy Policy Multi‐Stakeholder Network REN21, solar PV cells and wind are currently the mainstream options in the power sector with an increasing number of countries generating more than 20% of their electricity. As shown in Figure 1.1, the installed renewable power capacity increased beyond 200 GW in 2019 (mostly with solar PV cells), which is the largest increase ever. During the same year, 57% of renewable power capacity additions were using solar PV cells (direct current) followed by wind power (approximately 60 GW for 30%) and hydropower (approximately 16 GW for 8%). The remaining 5% of additions were from bio‐power, geothermal power, and concentrating solar thermal power. For the fifth year in a row, net additions of renewable power generation capacity clearly outpaced the net installations of fossil fuel and nuclear power capacity combined as shown in Figure 1.2. Globally, 32 countries had at least 10 GW of renewable power capacity in 2019; a decade earlier, it was only 19 countries. In most countries, producing electricity from wind and solar PV cells is cost‐effective than generating electricity from new coal‐fired power plants.

1.1 Architecture of DG Grid‐Connected Converter

Regardless of the type of renewable energy source, a DG grid‐connected converter is essential for converting the energy produced by the source to the grid [2, 3]. Considering their high degree of modularity, scalability, adaptability, maintainability, and autonomic behavior, DG grid‐connected converters have been widely employed in many commercial, industrial, and domestic applications.

Figure 1.1 Estimated renewable share of total final energy consumption, 2018.

Source:[1]/REN21.

Figure 1.2 Renewable and non‐renewable shares of net annual additions in power generation capacity, 2009–2019.

Source:[1]/REN21.