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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Serie: Wiley - IEEE
- Sprache: Englisch
DC-DC Converter Topologies A comprehensive look at DC-DC converters and advanced power converter topologies for all skills levels As it can be rare for source voltage to meet the requirements of a Direct Current (DC) load, DC-DC converters are essential to access service. DC-DC power converters employ power semiconductor devices (like MOSFETs and IGBTs) as switches and passive elements such as capacitors, inductors, and transformers to alter the voltage provided by a DC source into the necessary DC voltage as is required by a DC load. This source can be a battery, solar panels, fuel cells, or a DC bus voltage fed by rectified AC utility voltage. As the many components of DC-DC converters can be differently arranged into circuit structures called topologies, there are as many possible circuit topologies as there are possible combinations of circuit elements. Focusing on DC-DC switch-mode power converters ranging from 50 W to 10kW, DC-DC Converter Topologies provides a survey of all converter topology types within this power range. General principles are described for each topology type using a representative converter as an example. Variations that can be found that differ from the example are then examined, with a helpful discussion of comparisons when relevant. A broad range of topics is covered within the book, from simple, low-power converters to complex, high-power converters and everywhere in between. DC-DC Converter Topologies readers will also find: * A detailed discussion of four key DC-DC converter topologies * Description of isolated two-switch pulse-width modulated (PWM) topologies including push-pull, half-bridge, and interleaved converters * An exploration of high-gain converters such as coupled inductors, voltage multipliers, and switched capacitor converters This book provides the tools so that a non-expert will be equipped to deal with the vast array of DC-DC converters that presently exist. As such, DC-DC Converter Topologies is a useful reference for electrical engineers, professors, and graduate students studying in the field.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2023
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Table of Contents
COVER
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SERIES PAGE
TITLE PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
DEDICATION PAGE
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1: BASIC CONCEPTS
1.1 LINEAR VOLTAGE REGULATORS
1.2 SWITCH‐MODE POWER SUPPLY FUNDAMENTALS
1.3 PWM CONVERTERS WITH VOLTAGE STEP‐UP AND STEP‐DOWN CAPABILITIES
1.4 INTERLEAVED CONVERTERS
1.5 SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
1.6 SNUBBERS
1.7 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2: NON‐ISOLATED ZERO‐VOLTAGE SWITCHING PWM CONVERTERS
2.1 BASIC ZVS PRINCIPLES FOR MOSFETS
2.2 ZVS‐PWM QUASI‐SQUARE‐WAVE DC–DC CONVERTERS
2.3 ZVS‐PWM DC–DC CONVERTERS WITH AUXILIARY CIRCUITS
2.4 MISCELLANEOUS CONSIDERATIONS
2.5 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 3: NON‐ISOLATED ZERO‐CURRENT SWITCHING PWM CONVERTERS
3.1 ZCS‐PWM CONVERTERS WITH SERIES‐RESONANT AUXILIARY CIRCUITS
3.2 ZCS‐PWM BOOST CONVERTERS WITH CONVENTIONAL PWM CONVERTER MAIN SWITCH CURRENT STRESS
3.3 ZVS/ZCS‐PWM BOOST CONVERTERS
3.4 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4: BASIC ISOLATED CONVERTERS
4.1 TRANSFORMER MODELS
4.2 FLYBACK CONVERTER
4.3 FORWARD CONVERTER
4.4 VARIATIONS ON THE FORWARD CONVERTER
4.5 BASIC TWO‐SWITCH ISOLATED CONVERTERS
4.6 FULL‐BRIDGE CONVERTER
4.7 CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
CHAPTER 5: SECONDARY‐SIDE IMPLEMENTATIONS IN ISOLATED DC–DC CONVERTERS
5.1 SYNCHRONOUS RECTIFIERS
5.2 CURRENT DOUBLERS
5.3 MULTI‐OUTPUT CONVERTERS
5.4 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 6: SOFT‐SWITCHING FORWARD AND FLYBACK CONVERTERS
6.1 FORWARD CONVERTERS WITH RESONANT RESET
6.2 ACTIVE CLAMP CONVERTER
6.3 ALTERNATIVES TO THE ACTIVE CLAMP CONVERTER
6.4 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 7: THE ZVS‐PWM FULL‐BRIDGE CONVERTER
7.1 DC–DC PWM FULL‐BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH BASIC PWM CONTROL
7.2 ZVS‐PWM FULL‐BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH PHASE‐SHIFT PWM
7.3 ISSUES RELATED TO THE OPERATION OF ZVS‐PWM PWM FULL‐BRIDGE CONVERTER
7.4 ZVS‐PWM PWM FULL‐BRIDGE CONVERTER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
7.5 LIGHT LOAD OPERATION AND HYBRID PWM
7.6 ZVS PWM FULL‐BRIDGE CONVERTERS WITH WIDE BANDGAP DEVICES
7.7 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 8: VARIATIONS ON THE CONVENTIONAL ZERO‐VOLTAGE‐SWITCHING DC–DC PWM FULL‐BRIDGE CONVERTER
8.1 MODIFIED ZVS‐PWM DC–DC FULL‐BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH SATURABLE REACTORS
8.2 MODIFIED ZVS‐PWM‐FB CONVERTERS WITH PASSIVE SERIES AUXILIARY CIRCUITS
8.3 ZVS‐PWM‐FB CONVERTERS WITH PASSIVE PARALLEL AUXILIARY CIRCUITS
8.4 ZVS‐PWM‐FB CONVERTERS WITH PASSIVE PARALLEL AUXILIARY CIRCUITS WITH A TRANSFORMER
8.5 ZVS‐PWM‐FB CONVERTERS WITH ACTIVE AUXILIARY CIRCUITS
8.6 ZVS‐PWM‐FB CONVERTER WITH A SINGLE ACTIVE AUXILIARY CIRCUIT
8.7 ZVS‐PWM‐FB CONVERTERS BASED ON DUAL HALF‐BRIDGE CONVERTERS
8.8 ZVS‐PWM‐FB CONVERTERS WITH MODIFIED SECONDARY‐SIDE CIRCUITS FOR ZVS OPERATION
8.9 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 9: ZERO‐VOLTAGE‐ZERO‐CURRENT‐SWITCHING DC–DC FULL‐BRIDGE PWM CONVERTERS
9.1 FUNDAMENTAL ZVZCS‐PWM DC–DC FULL‐BRIDGE CONVERTER
9.2 ZVZCS‐PWM DC–DC FULL‐BRIDGE CONVERTERS WITH SECONDARY AUXILIARY CIRCUIT
9.3 VARIATIONS OF ZVZCS CONVERTERS FOR FULL ZVS OR FULL ZCS OPERATION
9.4 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 10: ISOLATED CURRENT‐FED DC–DC PWM CONVERTERS
10.1 BASIC CURRENT‐FED PUSH–PULL CONVERTER
10.2 BASIC TWO‐INDUCTOR CURRENT‐FED CONVERTER
10.3 MODIFIED TWO‐INDUCTOR CURRENT‐FED CONVERTER WITH AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER
10.4 BASIC CURRENT‐FED FULL‐BRIDGE TOPOLOGY
10.5 CURRENT‐FED DC–DC FULL‐BRIDGE CONVERTERS WITH BLOCKING DIODES
10.6 CURRENT‐FED DC–DC FULL‐BRIDGE CONVERTERS WITHOUT BLOCKING DIODES
10.7 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 11: RESONANT CONVERTERS PART I – FUNDAMENTALS
11.1 RESONANT POWER CONVERSION FUNDAMENTALS
11.2 FUNDAMENTAL RESONANT DC–DC CONVERTERS
11.3 LLC RESONANT CONVERTER
11.4 OTHER RESONANT DC–DC CONVERTERS
11.5 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 12: RESONANT CONVERTERS PART II – PWM CONTROLLED, QUASI‐RESONANT, AND ULTRAHIGH‐FREQUENCY CONVERTERS
12.1 FIXED FREQUENCY RESONANT CONVERTERS
12.2 QUASI‐RESONANT CONVERTERS
12.3 ULTRAHIGH FREQUENCY CONVERTERS
12.4 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 13: THREE‐LEVEL DC–DC CONVERTERS
13.1 FUNDAMENTAL THREE‐LEVEL DC–DC PWM CONVERTERS
13.2 MODIFIED THREE‐LEVEL DC–DC CONVERTERS
13.3 STACKED CONVERTERS
13.4 THREE‐LEVEL DC–DC CONVERTERS IN APPLICATIONS WITH LOW AND CONVENTIONAL DC BUS VOLTAGE
13.5 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 14: HIGH GAIN CONVERTERS
14.1 VOLTAGE MULTIPLIER CIRCUITS
14.2 SWITCHED CAPACITOR CONVERTERS
14.3 VOLTAGE‐LIFT AND SWITCHED INDUCTOR CONVERTERS
14.4 CASCADED AND QUADRATIC CONVERTERS
14.5 CONVERTERS WITH MAGNETIC COUPLING
14.6 MULTI‐LEVEL AND INTERLEAVED CONVERTERS
14.7 HYBRID CONVERTERS AND CONVERTER SELECTION
14.8 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 15: THREE‐PHASE DC–DC CONVERTERS
15.1 FUNDAMENTAL VOLTAGE‐FED THREE‐PHASE DC–DC PWM CONVERTER
15.2 RESONANT CONVERTERS
15.3 THREE‐PHASE CURRENT‐FED DC–DC PWM CONVERTERS
15.4 HIGHER‐POWER THREE‐PHASE DC–DC CONVERTERS
15.5 THREE‐SWITCH THREE‐PHASE DC–DC PWM CONVERTERS
15.6 MISCELLANEOUS THREE‐PHASE CONVERTER EXAMPLES
15.7 THREE‐PHASE TRANSFORMER IMPLEMENTATIONS
15.8 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 16: BIDIRECTIONAL AND DUAL ACTIVE BRIDGE CONVERTERS
16.1 BASIC NON‐ISOLATED BIDIRECTIONAL CONVERTERS
16.2 ZVS OPERATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL BUCK‐BOOST BIDIRECTIONAL CONVERTER
16.3 BIDIRECTIONAL CONVERTER TOPOLOGIES WITH TRANSFORMER ISOLATION
16.4 DUAL ACTIVE BRIDGE CONVERTERS
16.5 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 17: MISCELLANEOUS DC–DC CONVERTERS
17.1 Z‐SOURCE CONVERTERS
17.2 LOW VOLTAGE GAIN CONVERTERS FOR VOLTAGE REGULATOR MODULES
17.3 T‐TYPE CONVERTERS
17.4 MULTI‐PORT CONVERTERS
17.5 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
A.1 EXAMPLE STEADY‐STATE ANALYSIS OF BUCK, BOOST, AND BUCK–BOOST CONVERTERS OPERATING IN CONTINUOUS CONDUCTION MODE
A.2 ANALYSIS OF TRANSFORMER CORE DEMAGNETIZATION OF A FORWARD CONVERTER
INDEX
END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
List of Tables
Chapter 16
TABLE 16.1 Switch operation for the four‐switch buck‐boost converter....
TABLE 16.2 Switch operation for the four‐switch buck‐boost converter operat...
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 Linear voltage regulator. (a) With variable resistor. (b) With tr...
Figure 1.2 Simple switch‐mode converter. (a) Converter topology. (b) Output ...
Figure 1.3 Buck converter.
Figure 1.4 Boost converter.
Figure 1.5 Buck–boost converter.
Figure 1.6 Cuk converter.
Figure 1.7 SEPIC converter.
Figure 1.8 Zeta converter.
Figure 1.9 Topology of a two‐module interleaved DC–DC boost converter.
Figure 1.10 Typical gating signal and inductor current waveforms of a two‐mo...
Figure 1.11 (a) Diode symbol. (b) Diode voltage and current waveforms.
Figure 1.12 (a) MOSFET symbol (N‐channel). (b) Simplified MOSFET model.
Figure 1.13 Typical non‐ideal switch voltage and current waveforms.
Figure 1.14 (a) IGBT symbol. (b) IGBT voltage and current waveforms.
Figure 1.15 Basic passive snubbers. (a) RC snubber. (b) RCD snubber.
Figure 1.16 Example of a non‐dissipative passive snubber for a boost convert...
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 Typical switch waveforms for ZVS operation with simple switch mod...
Figure 2.2 Quasi‐square‐wave ZVS‐PWM converter.
Figure 2.3 Modes of operation of the quasi‐square‐wave ZVS converter. (a) Mo...
Figure 2.4 ZVS‐PWM converter with simple auxiliary circuit.
Figure 2.5 Modes of operation of the converter in Figure 2.4. (a) Mode 1. (b...
Figure 2.6 Other basic ZVS‐PWM converter topologies with a simple auxiliary ...
Figure 2.7 ZVS‐PWM converter with nonresonant auxiliary circuit with flying ...
Figure 2.8 Key modes of operation of the converter in Figure 2.6: (a) Auxili...
Figure 2.9 Modified ZVS‐PWM converter with flying capacitor auxiliary circui...
Figure 2.10 ZVS‐PWM converter with resonant auxiliary circuit and auxiliary ...
Figure 2.11 Auxiliary switch turn‐off mode for the converter in Figure 2.10....
Figure 2.12 ZVS‐PWM converter with clamped resonant auxiliary circuit.
Figure 2.13 ZVS‐PWM converter with modified clamped resonant auxiliary circu...
Figure 2.14 ZVS‐PWM converter with dual auxiliary circuit with output branch...
Figure 2.15 ZVS‐PWM converter with dual auxiliary circuit with no output bra...
Figure 2.16 Application‐specific ZVS‐PWM boost converter with simple auxilia...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 Converter with fully resonant auxiliary circuit proposed.
Figure 3.2 Modes of converter operation. (a) Mode 1. (b) Mode 2. (c) Mode 3....
Figure 3.3 Converter with additional clamping diodes.
Figure 3.4 Converter with modified resonant auxiliary circuit proposed.
Figure 3.5 Converter with hard‐switching auxiliary circuit proposed.
Figure 3.6 Converters with series boost diode: (a) Converter proposed. (b) C...
Figure 3.7 Converters with output resonance: (a) Proposed. (b) Proposed.
Figure 3.8 Converter with parallel auxiliary circuit proposed in [11].
Figure 3.9 Converter with auxiliary circuit transformer proposed in [13].
Figure 3.10 ZVS/ZCS‐PWM converter proposed in [14].
Figure 3.11 ZVS/ZCS‐PWM converter proposed in [15].
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 Transformer models. (a) Full transformer model. (b) Full transfor...
Figure 4.2 Flyback converter (a) with conventional transformer symbol (b) wi...
Figure 4.3 Forward converter.
Figure 4.4 Forward converter with RCD snubber.
Figure 4.5 Forward converter with LCDD snubber. (Note: The windings share th...
Figure 4.6 Flyback converter with energy regenerative snubber. The windings ...
Figure 4.7 Two‐switch forward converter.
Figure 4.8 Push–pull converter.
Figure 4.9 Half‐bridge converter.
Figure 4.10 Full‐bridge converter (a) with two‐diode secondary (b) with four...
Figure 4.11 Full‐bridge converter gating signal and transformer primary volt...
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 Forward converter.
Figure 5.2 Forward converter with self‐driven synchronous rectifiers.
Figure 5.3 Forward converter with self‐driven synchronous rectifiers with hi...
Figure 5.4 Key waveforms of the converter in Figure 5.2.
Figure 5.5 Modified forward converters with output inductor/transformer.
Figure 5.6 Key waveforms of the converter in Figure 5.5.
Figure 5.7 Forward converter with synchronous rectifier dead‐time eliminatio...
Figure 5.8 Key waveforms of the converter in Figure 5.7.
Figure 5.9 Current doubler implementations (a) Current doubler #1 (b) Curren...
Figure 5.10 Current doubler modes of operation. (a) Positive secondary windi...
Figure 5.11 Current doubler with integrated magnetic implementation.
Figure 5.12 Flyback converter with multiple outputs.
Figure 5.13 Forward converter with coupled inductor outputs.
Figure 5.14 Forward converter with mag‐amp outputs.
Figure 5.15 Forward converter with post‐regulation converters.
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Forward converter with resonant reset.
Figure 6.2 Active clamp forward converters: (a) Low‐side active clamp conver...
Figure 6.3 Modes of operation of the high‐side active clamp forward converte...
Figure 6.4 High‐side active clamp forward converter shown with simplified tr...
Figure 6.5 Active clamp flyback converter.
Figure 6.6 Forward converters with active auxiliary circuits: (a) Non‐resona...
Figure 6.7 ZCS flyback converter.
Figure 6.8 Forward converter with energy‐regenerative snubber. (Note: The wi...
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 DC–DC full‐bridge converter. (a) Implementation with center‐tappe...
Figure 7.2 Gating signals and transformer primary voltage of a DC–DC full‐br...
Figure 7.3 Gating signals and transformer primary voltage of a DC–DC full‐br...
Figure 7.4 Modes of operation of a DC–DC full‐bridge converter operating wit...
Figure 7.5 Primary voltage and current waveforms and secondary voltage wavef...
Figure 7.6 Voltage clamping circuit attached to the secondary side of a DC–D...
Figure 7.7 Generic efficiency vs load curve of a DC–DC full‐bridge converter...
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 ZVS‐PWM‐FB converter with primary‐side saturable reactor.
Figure 8.2 ZVS‐PWM‐FB converters with secondary‐side saturable reactors: (a)...
Figure 8.3 ZVS‐PWM‐FB converters with passive series auxiliary circuits: (a)...
Figure 8.4 ZVS‐PWM converter with passive parallel auxiliary circuits.
Figure 8.5 ZVS‐PWM converters with passive parallel auxiliary circuits and r...
Figure 8.6 ZVS‐PWM‐FB converter with passive coupled inductor series auxilia...
Figure 8.7 ZVS‐PWM converter with passive parallel auxiliary circuit and red...
Figure 8.8 ZVS‐PWM converter with single two‐switch active auxiliary circuit...
Figure 8.9 ZVS‐PWM converter with dual auxiliary circuits (a) Converter topo...
Figure 8.10 ZVS‐PWM converter with single active auxiliary circuit based on ...
Figure 8.11 ZVS‐PWM‐FB converter with single active auxiliary circuit: (a) C...
Figure 8.12 ZVS‐PWM converter based on dual half‐bridge converters.
Figure 8.13 ZVS‐PWM converters based on dual half‐bridge converters: (a) Sin...
Figure 8.14 ZVS‐PWM converters based on dual half‐bridge converters with sec...
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1 Fundamental ZVZCS‐PWM DC–DC FB converter.
Figure 9.2 Modes of operation of the fundamental ZVZCS‐PWM DC–DC FB converte...
Figure 9.3 ZVZCS‐PWM DC–DC FB converter with series lagging leg diodes.
Figure 9.4 Fundamental ZVZCS‐PWM DC–DC FB converter with passive secondary a...
Figure 9.5 Modes of operation of the ZVZCS‐PWM DC–DC FB converter with passi...
Figure 9.6 Gating signals and primary voltage and current waveforms of the Z...
Figure 9.7 Passive auxiliary secondary circuits for ZVZCS‐PWM DC–DC FB conve...
Figure 9.8 Active auxiliary secondary circuits for ZVZCS‐PWM DC–DC FB conver...
Figure 9.9 ZVS‐PWM converter based on ZVZCS‐PWM converter.
Figure 9.10 ZCS‐PWM converter based on ZVZCS‐PWM converter.
Figure 9.11 ZVS‐PWM converter based on ZVZCS‐PWM converters with triangular ...
Figure 9.12 Modified ZVS‐PWM converter based on ZVZCS‐PWM converters with tr...
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 Basic current‐fed push–pull converter.
Figure 10.2 Basic two‐inductor current‐fed converter.
Figure 10.3 Two‐inductor current‐fed converter with dual active clamps.
Figure 10.4 Modified two‐inductor current‐fed converter with auxiliary trans...
Figure 10.5 Modified two‐inductor current‐fed converter with converter induc...
Figure 10.6 Basic current‐fed full‐bridge converter (snubbers not shown).
Figure 10.7 Full‐bridge converter with blocking diodes and resonant capacito...
Figure 10.8 Modified full‐bridge converter with blocking diodes and active a...
Figure 10.9 ZVS‐PWM active‐clamp full‐bridge converter.
Figure 10.10 ZCS‐PWM full‐bridge converter with parallel auxiliary circuit....
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 Series‐resonant circuit with sinusoidal AC source voltage.
Figure 11.2 Series‐resonant circuit gain characteristic.
Figure 11.3 Series‐resonant circuit with square‐wave AC source voltage.
Figure 11.4 Series‐resonant circuit waveforms.
Figure 11.5 Series‐resonant full‐bridge inverter circuit.
Figure 11.6 Series‐resonant full‐bridge circuit waveforms with conducting co...
Figure 11.7 Fundamental half‐bridge resonant converters: (a) Series‐resonant...
Figure 11.8 Equivalent resonant circuits for the fundamental half‐bridge con...
Figure 11.9 Series‐resonant converter gain curves based on first harmonic ap...
Figure 11.10 Parallel‐resonant converter gain curves based on first harmonic...
Figure 11.11 Series‐parallel converter gain curves based on first harmonic a...
Figure 11.12 LLC resonant converter.
Figure 11.13 LLC‐resonant converter gain curves based on first harmonic appr...
Figure 11.14 Resonant DC–DC converter with three‐element resonant circuit.
Figure 11.15 Parallel‐resonant half‐bridge converter with secondary‐side res...
Figure 11.16 Resonant converter with tertiary winding.
Figure 11.17 Current‐fed parallel‐resonant converter.
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1 Full‐bridge resonant converters operated with phase‐shift PWM: (...
Figure 12.2 APWM series‐resonant converter.
Figure 12.3 APWM series‐resonant converter with passive auxiliary circuit fo...
Figure 12.4 APWM converter with passive auxiliary circuit and synchronous re...
Figure 12.5 CLL resonant converter with synchronous rectifiers.
Figure 12.6 Series‐resonant full‐bridge converter.
Figure 12.7 LLC‐resonant half‐bridge converter with variable resonant capaci...
Figure 12.8 ZVS‐QRC buck converter and modes of operation. (a) Converter. (b...
Figure 12.9 ZVS‐QRC buck converter waveforms.
Figure 12.10 ZCS‐QRC buck converter and modes of operation. (a) Converter. (...
Figure 12.11 ZCS‐QRC buck converter waveforms.
Figure 12.12 Current‐fed ZCS resonant‐pulse converter: (a) Topology. (b) Swi...
Figure 12.13 Fixed‐frequency quasi‐resonant converter: (a) Topology (b) Key ...
Figure 12.14 Multi‐resonant buck converter.
Figure 12.15 Class E converter.
Figure 12.16 Class
φ
converter.
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1 Neutral‐point‐connected three‐level DC–DC converter: (a) Topolog...
Figure 13.2 Modes of operation for the neutral‐point connected three‐level D...
Figure 13.3 Flying capacitor three‐level DC–DC converter. (a) Topology. (b) ...
Figure 13.4 Modes of operation for the flying capacitor three‐level DC–DC co...
Figure 13.5 Three‐level DC–DC converter with series blocking capacitor. (a) ...
Figure 13.6 Modes of operation for the three‐level DC–DC converter with seri...
Figure 13.7 Modified three‐level DC–DC converter for phase‐shift PWM operati...
Figure 13.8 Modes of operation of the modified three‐level DC–DC converter s...
Figure 13.9 ZVS three‐level DC–DC converters. (a) Converter with simple pass...
Figure 13.10 ZVZCS three‐level DC–DC converters. (a) Converter with primary ...
Figure 13.11 Three‐level neutral‐point connected series resonant DC–DC conve...
Figure 13.12 Stacked ZVS flyback converter. (a) Basic converter. (b) Convert...
Figure 13.13 Stacked converter with half‐bridge converter modules and no cir...
Figure 13.14 Low power three‐level resonant converter for high switching fre...
Chapter 14
Figure 14.1 (a) Greinacher voltage multiplier circuits: (a) Voltage doubler....
Figure 14.2 Cockcroft–Walton voltage multiplier circuits: (a) Voltage double...
Figure 14.3 Output voltage rectifier circuits: (a) Voltage doubler rectifier...
Figure 14.4 (a) Conventional Zeta DC–DC converter. (b) Modified zeta‐based h...
Figure 14.5 (a) Conventional Cuk converter. (b) Modified Cuk‐based high‐gain...
Figure 14.6 Basic switched capacitor circuits. (a) Basic charge pump. (b) Ba...
Figure 14.7 Example switched capacitor converters. (a) Converter proposed in...
Figure 14.8 Boost‐based voltage‐lift converter: (a) Topology. (b) Equivalent...
Figure 14.9 Boost‐based voltage‐lift with voltage‐lifting network cell.
Figure 14.10 Voltage‐lift converter with multiple voltage‐lifting network ce...
Figure 14.11 Example switched inductor networks: (a) Basic network. (b) Modi...
Figure 14.12 (a) Cascaded boost converter. (b) Quadratic boost converter. (c...
Figure 14.13 (a) Basic tapped inductor boost converter. (b) Tapped inductor ...
Figure 14.14 Examples of coupled inductor converters: (a) Converter with sim...
Figure 14.15 Transformer‐coupled converters: (a) Converter formed by combini...
Figure 14.16 Multi‐level high‐gain converters: (a) Converter with stacked ca...
Figure 14.17 Interleaved high‐gain converter.
Figure 14.18 Hybrid high‐gain converters: (a) High‐gain converter combining ...
Chapter 15
Figure 15.1 Fundamental three‐phase DC–DC converter.
Figure 15.2 Three‐phase DC–DC converter PWM patterns: (a) Symmetrical PWM. (...
Figure 15.3 Three‐phase DC–DC converter with three‐diode hybridge secondary....
Figure 15.4 Three‐phase parallel resonant converter.
Figure 15.5 Three‐phase series‐parallel resonant converter: (a) Topology. (b...
Figure 15.6 Three‐phase ZVS current‐fed DC–DC converter with active clamp: (...
Figure 15.7 Three‐phase ZCS current‐fed DC–DC converter: (a) Topology. (b) G...
Figure 15.8 High‐power three‐phase DC–DC converter based on three single‐pha...
Figure 15.9 High‐power three‐phase DC–DC converter based on three single‐pha...
Figure 15.10 Three‐phase three‐switch DC–DC converter based on push‐pull con...
Figure 15.11 Three‐phase current‐fed push‐pull converter: (a) Topology. (b) ...
Figure 15.12 Three‐phase three‐switch ZVS DC–DC converter with three‐switch ...
Figure 15.13 Three‐phase three‐switch ZCS DC–DC converter with secondary res...
Figure 15.14 Three‐phase three‐switch DC–DC converter with mini‐flyback conv...
Figure 15.15 Three‐phase reduced switch multi‐level three‐phase DC–DC conver...
Figure 15.16 Three‐phase DC–DC high‐gain converter.
Chapter 16
Figure 16.1 Fundamental non‐isolated bidirectional DC–DC buck‐boost converte...
Figure 16.2 Other non‐isolated bidirectional DC–DC converters based on funda...
Figure 16.3 Non‐isolated DC–DC bidirectional buck‐boost multi‐level converte...
Figure 16.4 Unidirectional ZVS quasi square‐wave converter.
Figure 16.5 Four‐switch bidirectional ZVS buck‐boost DC–DC converter.
Figure 16.6 Bidirectional active‐clamp ZVS buck‐boost converter with single ...
Figure 16.7 Isolated DC–DC bidirectional converter topologies: (a) Dual half...
Figure 16.8 Bidirectional resonant converters: (a) LLC resonant converter (b...
Figure 16.9 Transformer voltage waveforms for dual half‐bridge converter sho...
Figure 16.10 Dual active bridge converter with two voltage‐fed converter mod...
Figure 16.11 Voltage and current waveforms of a DAB‐PWM‐FB converter operati...
Figure 16.12 Voltage and current waveforms of a DAB‐PWM‐FB converter operati...
Figure 16.13 Voltage and current waveforms of a DAB‐PWM‐FB converter operati...
Chapter 17
Figure 17.1 Z‐source DC–DC full‐bridge converter: (a) Standard circuit diagr...
Figure 17.2 Key Z‐source converter modes: (a) Regular operation (non‐shoot‐t...
Figure 17.3 Quasi‐Z‐source full‐bridge converter.
Figure 17.4 VRM with paralleled buck converter modules.
Figure 17.5 Tapped inductor buck converter with passive clamp for VRM.
Figure 17.6 Coupled inductor VRMs with extreme voltage gains: (a) Full‐bridg...
Figure 17.7 Conventional ZVS‐PWM‐FB DC–DC converter.
Figure 17.8 DC–DC T‐type converter.
Figure 17.9 ZVZCS DC–DC T‐type converter with passive secondary‐side auxilia...
Figure 17.10 Multi‐input buck‐boost converter.
Figure 17.11 Multi‐input converters with stacked inputs: (a) Dual buck conve...
Figure 17.12 Triport converters for UPS with three isolated ports: (a) Flyba...
Figure 17.13 Triport converter with a non‐isolated port.
Figure 17.14 Multi‐port converter with three active bridges.
Appendix 1
Figure A.1 Buck converter: (a) Topology. (b) Inductor voltage and current wa...
Figure A.2 Boost converter: (a) Topology. (b) Inductor voltage and current w...
Figure A.3 Buck–Boost converter: (a) Topology. (b) Inductor voltage and curr...
Figure A.4 Forward converter: (a) Topology. (b) Magnetizing current waveform...
Guide
Cover Page
Table of Contents
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
About the Author
Preface
Begin Reading
Appendix
Index
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
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IEEE Press445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854
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DC–DC CONVERTER TOPOLOGIES
Basic to Advanced
GERRY MOSCHOPOULOS
University of Western Ontario
London, ON, Canada
Copyright © 2024 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.Published simultaneously in Canada.
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To My Parents
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Gerry Moschopoulos, PhD, is a professor at the University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. He has published over 250 papers, mostly in various power electronic journals and conference proceedings and is an associate editor for the IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics and the IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics. He has been involved in numerous technical program committees of major power electronic conferences such as the IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC) and the Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE). He is a registered professional engineer in the province of Ontario.
PREFACE
Power electronics is the branch of electrical engineering that is concerned with the use of power semiconductor devices and passive electrical components to convert power from one form to another. Some form of power electronic conversion is needed for almost all electrical applications as it is very rare that the electrical power source used in any particular application and the load it must supply are inherently compatible. Some sort of electrical interface between sources and loads is needed in almost all applications and power electronic converters are the necessary interfaces for these applications.
Given that the power provided by a source and that fed to a load can be either AC (alternating current) or DC (direct current), power electronic converters can be classified as being one of the following four types: AC–DC converters, DC–DC converters, DC–AC converters, and AC–AC converters. The primary focus of this book is on DC–DC converters – power electronic converters that can convert the power from a DC power source into DC power that can be used to meet the requirements of a load. Such DC–DC converters can be found in renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, data servers and computer power supplies, telecommunications equipment, medical equipment, uninterruptable power supplies, electrical appliances, etc.
The design and implementation of any DC–DC converters involves the consideration of a number of aspects. Some of these include:
The semiconductors used in the converter, such as transistors and diodes.
The electrical circuit structure or circuit topology of the converter, which is the arrangement of the various electrical components to suit a particular application.
The control of the converter to ensure that load requirements are satisfied.
The design of electromagnetic elements such as inductors and transformers to ensure that they can process power and store energy, as required.
The elimination of any electromagnetic interference (EMI) that may be caused by the high‐frequency operation of any electrical switching devices.
The application specific requirements that the converter must meet. For example, the requirements that a DC–DC converter for a solar energy system must satisfy are different from those for a DC–DC converter in an electric vehicle.
Emphasis is placed on DC–DC converter topologies in this book, with any discussion of other aspects occurring only when necessary.
Although numerous books on power electronics have been published and are readily available, almost all of these are for beginners who are new to the field or are on very specialized topics and dedicated to experts or to very senior graduate students. There are few, if any, books that are dedicated to presenting and explaining a variety of DC–DC converters, as is done in this book. This book was written to fill a gap in the power electronics literature. It can be considered to be a “second” book on power electronics by people who wish to learn about the topic of DC–DC converter topologies after learning fundamentals from a “first” book. Although some prior knowledge of power electronics is helpful, it is not absolutely necessary.
This book has 17 chapters and an Appendix and can be used as part of a single‐semester university course or a two‐semester course. It stems from a single‐semester graduate‐level course that the author has given at the University of Western Ontario for the past two decades. Several topics, such as single‐switch pulse‐width modulated (PWM) DC–DC converters, flyback and forward converters, active clamp and full‐bridge converters, and resonant converters can be considered to be basic and are generally taught in most university courses that deal with DC–DC converters. Most of these topics can be found in the earlier chapters of this book. Other topics such as high‐gain converters, three‐level converters, and higher power three‐phase DC–DC converters are more application specific and can be considered to be more advanced topics. Instructors wishing to use this book in their courses can use it to teach a cluster of basic topics, then supplement this teaching with topics selected from the rest of the book to suit the needs of their classes.
The following should be noted:
The topic of DC–DC converter topologies is vast and seemingly limitless. Each year, hundreds, if not thousands, of new DC–DC topologies are presented in various power electronics publications or at various conferences and symposia. The main objective of this book is not to be a compendium of all DC–DC converter topologies but to serve as a guide for readers who are striving to learn more about the topic. Emphasis is placed on presenting and explaining fundamental principles in the field so that readers can then develop an ability to understand the operation and characteristics of a very wide variety of DC–DC converter topologies.
The field of power electronics is undergoing a revolution at the time of this writing with the emergence of wide bandgap semiconductor devices made from materials such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN). Semiconductor devices made with these materials have superior switching characteristics compared to those of traditional silicon (Si) devices and are expected to replace these devices sometime in the future. The transition away from Si devices to SiC and GaN devices, however, has been gradual due to several factors such as the cost and availability of the newer devices and the comfort that power electronic designers have with Si devices. They have used Si devices for decades and are much more comfortable with their reliability and characteristics than they are of those of the newer wide bandgap devices. Given that Si devices are still more widely used than wide bandgap devices at the time of this writing, the discussions presented in this book assume the use of Si devices in DC–DC converters unless specified otherwise.
The author would like to thank Dr. Mehdi Narimani for suggesting that he write this book. He would also like to express sincere appreciation to Jacqueline Le Feuvre and Adel Abosnina for assistance in the preparation of the figures of this book. He would like to thank the Chair of his department at the University of Western Ontario, Dr. Kenneth McIsaac, for his support during critical stages in the preparation of the manuscript. He would also like to thank the staff at Wiley Press for their help during the various stages of the preparation of this book: Brett Kurzman for commissioning the book, Sarah Lemore and Jayashree Saishankar for their help in managing the writing process, and Becky Cowan for her help in the design of the cover of the book. The author is especially grateful to Sundaramoorthy Balasubramani for his help in editing this book.
