Debating Globalization E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 279

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

Debating Globalization is a short, accessible introduction to the debate about globalization written by many of the most prominent figures in the field. Published by Polity in association with openDemocracy, the book is notable not just for focusing on the pressing difficulties facing our world, but also on solutions. Rich and positive suggestions are made for reshaping globalization into a force that will work for humans everywhere.

In an extended analysis, David Held provides a robust critique of the present order and sets out his alternative vision. Building on arguments he made in Global Covenant, he calls for a new global political agenda, informed by social democratic political values. His analysis has been criticized by leading figures and their responses follow in this book. There are chapters by, among others, Martin Wolf, Roger Scruton, Grahame Thompson, David Mepham, Meghnad Desai, Maria Livanos Cattaui, Patrick Bond, Benjamin Barber, John Elkington, Takashi Inoguchi, Narcís Serra, and Anne-Marie Slaughter and Thomas N. Hale. The volume ends with David Held's reply to his critics.

The book provides a fascinating introduction to the debate about globalization today.

Leseprobe

Debating Globalization

Debating Globalization

DAVID HELD et al.

polity

Copyright © openDemocracy for chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10; Polity Press for chapters 11, 12 and 13; chapters 9 and 14 copyright of the respective authors, 2005

The right of openDemocracy and the authors to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

First published in 2005 by Polity Press

Polity Press

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Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK.

Polity Press

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Malden, MA 02148, USA

All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

ISBN: 978-0-7456-5791-2

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library and has been applied for from the Library of Congress.

Typeset in 10.5 on 12 pt Plantin

by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Manchester

Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall

For further information on Polity, visit our website: www.polity.co.uk

www.openDemocracy.net

Contents

Notes on Contributors

Preface by Anthony Barnett and Caspar Henderson

Acknowledgements

  1   Globalization: The Dangers and the Answers

David Held

  2   The Case for Optimism: A Response

Martin Wolf

  3   Delusions of Internationalism

Roger Scruton

  4   The Limits to Globalization: Questions for Held and Wolf

Grahame Thompson

  5   The Far Side of Globalization: David Held’s Missing Links

David Mepham

  6   Social Democracy as World Panacea?

Meghnad Desai

  7   The Test of Practice: Global Progress in a World of Sovereignty

Maria Livanos Cattaui

  8   Top Down or Bottom Up? A Reply

Patrick Bond

  9   Global Governance from Below

Benjamin Barber

10   Globalization’s Reality Check

John Elkington

11   Three Modes of Ordering amidst Globalization

Takashi Inoguchi

12   The Debate on Globalization: Two New Contributions

Narcìs Serra

13   A Covenant to Make Global Governance Work

Anne-Marie Slaughter and Thomas N. Hale

14   Three Crises and the Need for American Leadership

Kofi Annan

15   What are the Dangers and the Answers? Clashes over Globalization

David Held

Appendix A: The Barcelona Development Agenda

Appendix B: What is Human Security?

Mary Kaldor

Notes

Index

Notes on Contributors

Kofi Annan, born in Ghana, is the seventh Secretary- General of the United Nations. His first term began on 1 January 1997, and he was appointed for a second term in 2001, to run until 31 December 2006.

Benjamin Barber is the Gershon and Carol Kekst Professor of Civil Society at the University of Maryland and a principal of the Democracy Collaborative, with offices in New York, Washington and the University of Maryland. His books include Strong Democracy (1984) and Jihad vs. McWorld (originally published in 1995, with post- 9/11 edition in 2001).

Anthony Barnett is the editor of openDemocracy and a non-executive member of the council of Charter 88. He is the author of Iron Britannia (1982) and This Time (1997); editor of Power and the Throne (1994) and co-editor of Town and Country (1998).

Patrick Bond is a political economist and global justice activist. He directs the Centre on Civil Society at the University of KwaZulu – Natal in Durban, South Africa. Among his books are Unsustainable South Africa (with Simba Manyanya) (2002), Zimbabwe’s Plunge (2003),

Against Global Apartheid (2003) and Talk Left, Walk Right (2004).

Maria Livanos Cattaui has been Secretary-General of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) since 1996. As chief executive of the world business organization, she is responsible for overseeing global policy formulation and representing the interests of world business to governments and international organizations. Prior to joining the ICC, she was Managing Director of the World Economic Forum.

Meghnad Desai is Emeritus Professor of Economics and was formerly director of the Centre for the Study of Global Governance at the London School of Economics. He is a Labour Party peer in Britain’s upper house of parliament. His latest book is Marx’s Revenge (2004).

John Elkington is a co-founder and chair of SustainAbility, and a world authority on business strategies in the areas of corporate responsibility and sustainable development. His books include the Green Consumer Guide (1988) and Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of Twenty-First Century Business (1997).

Thomas N. Hale is a graduate of the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, where he continues as Special Assistant to the Dean. His research interests include globalization and global governance.

David Held is Graham Wallas Professor of Political Science at the London School of Economics. His books include Democracy and the Global Order (1995), Models of Democracy (1996), Global Transformations (with others) (1999) and Global Covenant (2004).

Caspar Henderson is openDemocracy’s Globalization Editor. He is an award-winning writer and journalist on environmental affairs. Caspar has also worked as a consultant to various government and international organizations, voluntary groups and others on issues in energy, water, regulation, technology, human rights, economics and the environment.

Takashi Inoguchi is Professor of Political Science at the Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo and former Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations. His many publications include (co-edited with Purnendra Jain) Japanese Foreign Policy Today (2000), (as editor) Japan’s Asian Policy (2002) and (co-edited with Saori Katada and Hanns Maull) Global Governance: Germany and Japan in the International System (2004). He appears occasionally as a commentator on BBC, CNN, and CNBC Asia.

Mary Kaldor is co-director of the Centre for the Study of Global Governance at the London School of Economics, and Professor in the Department of Government and Development. Her books include New and Old Wars (1999) and Global Civil Society (2003).

David Mepham is an associate director of the Institute for Public Policy Research. He is the co-author (with Jane Cooper) of a recent IPPR report, Human Rights and Global Responsibility: An International Agenda for the UK.

Roger Scruton is a philosopher, farmer and businessman. He is Professor of Philosophy at Buckingham University and co-founder of the Conservative Philosophy Group. He runs an international consultancy company, and is the author of twenty-nine books, including On Hunting (1998), The Meaning of Conservatism (3rd edn, 2000), and The West and the Rest: Globalization and the Terrorist Threat (2002). He is an external editor of the Ecology and Place theme at openDemocracy.

Narcís Serra is president of the CIDOB Foundation, based in Barcelona. He was Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister of Spain. He has also served as Mayor of Barcelona.

Anne-Marie Slaughter is dean of the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. She recently served as president of the American Society of International Law and is on the board of the Council on Foreign Relations. She has written or co- edited four books and many articles for scholarly and legal journals, and she is a regular contributor to many newspapers, including the New York Times. She recently published A New World Order (2004).

Grahame Thompson is Professor of Political Economy at the Open University. He is the co-author (with Paul Hirst) ofGlobalization in Question: The International Economy and the Possibilities of Governance(1999) and Between Hierarchies and Markets: The Logic and Limits of Network Forms of Organization(2003).

Martin Wolf is associate editor and chief economics commentator at the Financial Times. His latest book is Why Globalization Works (2004).

Preface

The principal challenges of our new century are global in scope. They demand the cooperation of people around the world in sustained, serious engagement across differences of belief, identity, nationality and authority.

This is the contention of openDemocracy. We are not alone in believing this. On the contrary we are using the web to pioneer partnerships that can assist the development of intelligent, open politics which measures up to the challenges of our time.

It was in this spirit that, during the summer of 2004, we were delighted to cooperate with Polity Press, and commission a debate around David Held’s ideas in his book Global Covenant. We linked this to our work with the UN Foundation, as it sought public understanding of the issues behind Kofi Annan’s appointment of a High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change to report on the future of the United Nations in an age of new terrorist threats.

David Held wrote an essay to start the discussion, developing and elaborating his argument. His critics differ sharply on the challenges globalization presents – including on trade, the role of international institutions and the capitalist system. They also contest the solution he advocates, posing issues of national democracy, regional collaboration and global accountability. But all share a commitment to constructive engagement. Their debate – by turns stinging, lively, unexpected, rigorous – forms the core of this book.

openDemocracy has found that the most clarifying arguments are seldom between those who are furthest apart. There is often more to learn from exchanges between those who share enough to respect, and therefore really engage with, each other’s differences.

This is the case with this volume, Debating Globalization. It takes the exchanges published on openDemocracy a stage further with new contributions by Benjamin Barber, Takashi Inoguchi, Anne-Marie Slaughter and Thomas Hale, and Narcís Serra, and a new response by David Held himself.

The work at openDemocracy continues. One example is a debate on the future of politics and citizens seen through the eye of political parties in an age of globalization. This and other material is available at www.openDemocracy.net. Please visit the site, join the debate and support our work.

Anthony Barnett and Caspar Henderson

Acknowledgements

openDemocracy is a web-based forum that seeks to promote open politics and the creation of a thoughtful and connected global community. Its principal aim is to use the web to build and map intelligent discussions.

openDemocracy would like to thank David Hayes especially, for his consistent editorial support; Margaret Spillane and Nicola Wissbrock; and David Held and the team at Polity – as well as, above all, the contributors to this volume.

David Held wishes to thank Ellen McKinlay, Neil de Cort, Ann Bone and Breffni O’Connor for all their help and professional support at Polity Press.

1

Globalization: The Dangers and the Answers

David Held

Washington-led neoliberalism and unilateralism have failed the world. It is urgent that we find a way beyond their legacy. This calls for a new model of globalization that works for humans everywhere. In this opening chapter, David Held provides a unified critique of the present global order and sketches his alternative.

1 The crisis of globalization

Over two hundred years ago, Immanuel Kant wrote that we are ‘unavoidably side by side’. Since Kant, our mutual interconnectedness and vulnerability have grown in ways he could not have imagined. We no longer inhabit, if we ever did, a world of discrete circumscribed communities. Instead, we live in a world of what I like to call ‘overlapping communities of fate’ where the trajectories of all countries are deeply enmeshed with each other. In our world, it is not only the violent exception that links people together across borders; the very nature of everyday living – of work and money and beliefs, as well as of trade, communications and finance, not to speak of the earth’s environment – connects us all in multiple ways with increasing intensity.1

The word for this story is ‘globalization’. It is not a singular, linear narrative, nor is it just a matter of economics. It is cultural as well as commercial and in addition it is legal: it is about power as much as prosperity or the lack of it. From the United Nations to the European Union, from changes to the laws of war to the entrenchment of human rights, from the emergence of international environmental regimes to the foundation of the International Criminal Court, new political narratives are being told – narratives which seek to reframe human activity and entrench it in law, rights and responsibilities that are worldwide in their reach and universal in their principles.