Deploying IPv6 in Broadband Access Networks E-Book

Adeel Ahmed

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 316

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

An essential reference for deploying IPv6 in broadband networks With the exponential growth of the Internet and increasing number of end users, service providers are increasingly looking for ways to expand their networks to meet the scalability requirements of the growing number of Internet-ready appliances or "always-on" devices. This book bridges a gap in the literature by providing coverage of Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), specifically in broadband access networks. The authors, who are Cisco Certified Internetworking Experts (CCIE), provide comprehensive and first-rate coverage of: * IPv6 drivers in broadband networks * IPv6 deployment in Cable, DSL, ETTH, and Wireless networks * Configuring and troubleshooting IPv6 gateway routers and host * Configuring and troubleshooting IPv6 edge routers * Configuring and troubleshooting IPv6 provisioning servers The authors also discuss challenges faced by service providers and how IPv6 addresses these issues. Additionally, the book is complemented with examples throughout to further facilitate readers' comprehension and a real large-scale IPv6 BB SP case study is presented. Deploying IPv6 in Broadband Access Networks is essential reading for network operators, network design engineers and consultants, network architects, and members of the networking community.

Leseprobe

CONTENTS

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Authors, Contributors, and Reviewers

1 IPv6 Drivers in Broadband Networks

1.1 IPv6-Based Services

1.2 Broadband Access Models

1.3 Summary

References

2 IPv6 Overview

2.1 IPv6 Protocol Basics

2.2 Summar

References

3 Deploying IPv6 in Cable Networks

3.1 Cable Network Elements

3.2 Cable Networks Today

3.3 Summary

References

4 IPv6 Deployment in DSL, ETTH, and Wireless Networks

4.1 New Remote Access Architecture for IPv6

4.2 DSL Networks

4.3 Ethernet Networks

4.4 IEEE 802.11A/B/G Wireless Networks

4.5 Summary

References

5 Configuring and Troubleshooting IPv6 on Gateway Routers and Hosts

5.1 IPv6 Support on Gateway Routers

5.2 IPv6 Support on Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows Server 2003 and 2008

5.3 IPv6 Support on Linux

5.4 IPv6 Support on MAC OS X

5.5 PPPv6 Support on MAC OS X

5.6 IPv6 Support on Solaris

5.7 Troubleshooting IPv6 on GWR and Hosts

5.8 Summary

References

6 Configuring and Troubleshooting IPv6 on Edge Routers

6.1 IPv6 Configuration on the Edge Router

6.2 Summary

References

7 Configuring and Troubleshooting IPv6 on Provisioning Servers

7.1 IPv6 Support on DHCP Servers

7.2 IPv6 Support on DNS Servers

7.3 IPv6 Support on TFTP Servers

7.4 IPv6 Support on AAA and RADIUS Servers

7.5 Troubleshooting IPv6 on an ER and on RADIUS AAA Servers

7.6 Summary

References

8 Conclusion

8.1 IPv6 Addressing Considerations

8.2 IPv4-IPv6 and IPv6-IPv6 Interworking

8.3 Subscriber Logging

8.4 Recovery Options

8.5 Summary

Appendix A IPv6 Case Study

Appendix B DHCPv6 Message Types and Option Codes

Index

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data.

Ahmed, Adeel.Deploying IPv6 in broadband access networks/Adeel Ahmed and Salman Asadullah

Includes bibliographic references and index

ISBN 978-0-470-19338-9

I dedicate this book to my parents for everything they have done for me; I could never repay them. To my wife: for her love, support, and patience throughout the writing of this book. To my lovely children: Asad, Aashir, and Zeerak, you are my inspiration and my pride and joy. I love you all very much.

I would also like to dedicate the book to all the people suffering in this world and to those people who work endlessly to help others and to make the world a better place.

Adeel Ahmed

I dedicate this book to all who are suffering and going through tribulations, and to those who are working to relieve those in pain and suffering. I also dedicate this work to my loving parents, brothers, and two lights of my life: Bahira and Fatimah!

Salman Asadullah

FOREWORD

The Internet is becoming a utility with an estimated 1.5 billion users, commonly referred to as “netizens,” around the world. This large user base is surpassed only by the 3.5 billion mobile (cell) phone users on the planet. Approximately 10% of cell phones in use today are “smart phones,” which also provide Internet services. The Internet backbone is quite robust; however, the last mile of the access layer is made up of a fragmented delivery system ranging from very low speed to high-speed (1 Gbps) connections. To put things in perspective, a 1-Gbps connection will allow downloading of a James Bond movie in about 20 seconds. High-speed download allows better use of Internet resources than does live streaming, which is resource intensive due to time constraints on packet delivery and reordering.

Broadband provides the Internet with an opportunity to become a robust utility similar to the TV networks. It is interesting to note that TV networks were designed with enough capacity to match viewer expectations for quality of experience. The next stage in the evolution of broadband access is to move from asymmetric to symmetric provisioning, thus allowing consumers to download and upload at the same speed. IPv6 provides a large address capacity and will be ideal for a commodity addressing scheme that will enable two-way always-on, Internet services. This scenario will signify the most important shift in adoption of the Internet, by empowering users to become “full-time residents” instead of simply sporadic in-and-out consumers. The evolving Internet offers a bright future by transforming casual users in TV broadcasters, reporters, and remote entertainers, and by creating new jobs and providing unprecedented opportunities that traditionally required expensive support infrastructure. The deployment of IPv6 has become an issue of strategic importance for many national economies. Telecom operators and Internet service providers (ISPs) are key players in facilitating the deployment of IPv6 on broadband access networks amid the obvious complexities of coexisting with or replacing widely deployed IPv4 services. Evidently, telecom operators and ISPs have to take steps to ensure a workable transition strategy that involves transparent interoperability and integration of mature and advanced applications over both IPv4 and IPv6, this strategy will enable a combination of services that will allow service providers to explore and exploit richer services offered by IPv6 during a potentially long transition from IPv4. This will also lead to new business models that will generate return on investment without waiting for the ubiquitous deployment of IPv6.

The IPv4 address space is virtually depleted, with just over 14% capacity remaining, and is expected to run out by the end of 2010. It is therefore anticipated that the use of IPv6 will gain momentum and the end user will drive differentiated services, achieving returns not only in investments but also in service innovations and flexible communication solutions. Solutions for integrating and deploying both IPv4 and IPv6 services are mature and available to service providers.

The authors of this book have the necessary technical expertise and experience to identify the challenges and to propose recommendations and solutions of great value to a world made of heterogeneous and widely un-interoperable networks designed using private addressing schemes that inhibit end-to-end applications and services. Their extensive involvement in standardization bodies such as the IETF and knowledge spread at the customer level in the design and deployment of IPv6 networks are of paramount value to readers, who can gain first-class knowledge to empower them to tackle the transition to IPv6 with greater confidence.

Welcome to the new two-way IPv6-based broadband access to the Internet!

LATIF LADIDPresident, IPv6 Forum

PREFACE

This book is meant to be used as a guide by network engineers and architects while deploying IPv6 in their broadband networks. Service providers world¬wide are looking for ways to expand their networks and to meet the scalability requirements of the growing number of always-on devices connected to the Internet. IPv6 is currently the only solution available to meet these challenges and to enable service providers to scale their networks and provide new services to customers.

The focus of the book is on many of the challenges faced by service providers today and how IPv6 addresses these issues. Chapter 1 covers drivers for IPv6 in broadband networks to give readers an idea of why they should be looking at deploying IPv6 in their networks. Chapter 2 provides an overview of IPv6 protocol basics and provisioning.

Chapters 3 and 4 are concentrated on IPv6 deployment techniques in various broadband networks, such as cable, DSL, ETTH, and wireless. Comparisons are drawn between IPv4 and IPv6 deployment models, and similarities and differences between the two are discussed in detail.

The concluding four chapters deal in detail with the configuration of different network components in an IPv6 broadband solution, and provide guidelines on debugging and troubleshooting IPv6-related issues. This will help readers configure and troubleshoot problems when they deploy IPv6 in their networks.

Appendix A has a real-life SP case study of Free’s IPv6 broadband deployment. Free is the second-largest French ISP with more than four million broadband subscribers (ADSL and FTTH).

This book is intended for those network engineers and architects who are contemplating deploying IPv6 in their broadband networks. The book contains detailed information as to how IPv6 can be deployed in service provider broadband networks. Different IPv6 deployment models, configurations, and troubleshooting guidelines are discussed to help readers understand the challenges faced by SP in deploying IPv6 in broadband access networks.

Adeel Ahmed Salman Asadullah

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

First and foremost, the authors acknowledge Benoit Lourdelet for his major contributions to Chapter 4 and for reviewing the remaining chapters and providing valuable feedback. The authors also thank Latif Ladid and Patrick Grossetete most sincerely for honoring us by endorsing the book and by writing the foreword and the endorsement notes.

The authors appreciate the hard work of all the reviewers, whose valuable insights and feedback improved the book significantly. Our special thanks go to Abe Martey for making available his vast knowledge of networking technology and for his rigorous review of the text. Abe’s prior experience as the author of two networking technology books, IS-IS Network Design Solutions and Troubleshooting IP Routing Protocols, both published by Cisco Press, and his detailed comments and feedback, were great assets and made our work more valuable for the audience.

We would also like to thank all the people whom we have worked with on the IPv6 front at Cisco, vendors, operators, IETF, other standards bodies and platforms, and industry at large, to make IPv6 a reality.

We especially thank George Telecki, Michael Christian, Angioline Loredo, and all the staff at Wiley for helping us drive this book to completion.

Special Acknowledgments by Salman Asadullah: I would like to thank a few people who although not directly related to this work have helped me through the journey of life in one way or an other: Muhammad ibn ’Abdullah and his companions, Mohammad Asadullah, Shakila Siddiqui, Salah Uddin Ayubi, Salik bin Saddina, Hamaza Yousf, Sohaib Webb, Usama Canon, Anwar Awlaki, Abdul Sattar Edhi, Dr. Ali Metwally, Dr. Magda Mohsen, Imran Asadullah, Bahira Metwally, Kamal Siddiqui, Khalid Raza, Nasir Kamal, Romana Khan, Mike Quinn, Syed Khurram, John Selden, Iqbal Ahmed Khan, Abdul Mateen Hashmi, Adeel Ahmed, Fawad Asadullah, Zulfiqar Ahmed, Rasheed Uddin, Robert Santiago, and Himanshu Desai.

Special Acknowledgments by Adeel Ahmed: I would like to acknowledge a few people who have especially influenced my life and have provided guidance and inspiration: Muhammad ibn ’Abdullah and his companions, Sanjeeda Ahmed, Aziz Ahmed, Shakila Khanum, Khairunisa Begum, Shaikh Suhaib Webb, Shaikh Saad Hassanin, Natasha Ahmed, Najia Ahmed, Farzana Khan, Umar Saeed, Shaukat Khalil, Nasir Ali, and Salman Asadullah.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

This book is written by Cisco Certified Internetwork Experts (CCIEs) who have been working with various customers worldwide on IPv6 deployment, standard bodies, and technical forums since 2002. The authors have worked with several development teams within Cisco in driving IPv6 implementation on Cisco products and influencing the IPv6 technology direction through their work with standards bodies. They have written and contributed to several white papers, design guides, and IETF RFCs and drafts on deploying IPv6, and have provided numerous trainings and seminars on this topic. The authors’ combined 22 years of Internetworking industry experience and 12 years of experience in working with IPv6 brings valuable knowledge and expertise to the book.

Adeel Ahmed, CCIE No. 4574, is a Technical Leader in Cisco’s Advanced Services group. He has been with Cisco Systems for over 10 years. His areas of expertise include access/dial, broadband cable, and IPv6. He has worked with major cable MSOs in North America, EMEA, and ASIAPAC in designing and troubleshooting cable networks. He has written several white papers and design guides used by customers, sales teams, and Cisco engineers in deploying multiservices over cable networks. He has also coauthored and contributed to IETF RFCs and drafts.

Ahmed has represented Cisco at industry technical forums such as IETF, CableLabs, NCTA, SCTE, Networkers, APRICOT, NAv6TF, and Global IPv6 Summit. He holds a bachelor’s and a master’s degree in electrical engineering.

Salman Asadullah, CCIE No. 2240, is a Technical Leader at Cisco Systems and holds honorary positions at APRICOT, NSP, and IPv6 Forum. Recognized as an expert within Cisco and by Cisco’s customers and industry as a whole, he has been designing and troubleshooting large-scale IP and multiservice networks for over 13 years. He has represented Cisco in industry panel discussions and technical platforms such as Networkers, APRICOT, NANOG, SANOG, IETF, and IPv6 Forum events.

Asadullah influences technology and product directions and decisions within Cisco business units and in the Internet community. He has produced several technical documents, white papers, and articles and has coauthored and contributed to IETF RFCs and drafts. He is a coauthor of two networking technology books: Cisco CCIE Fundamentals: Network Design & Case Study, and PDIO of the IP Telephony Networks, both published by Cisco Press. PDIO of the IP Telephony Networks is a best-seller, with over 13,000 copies sold to date. He holds a B.S. in electrical engineering from Arizona and a M.S. in electrical engineering from Kansas.

ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS

Benoit Lourdelet is an IPv6 Senior Product Manager at Cisco Systems. He helps to drive the range of Cisco products that support IPv6. Benoit has been a key player in the deployment and architecture of the first IPv6 broadband networks across the globe. As a known IPv6 expert, he continues to influence the architecture designs of next-generation IPv6 broadband networks. He has over 15 years of experience in designing and operating telecommunications networks. He has also worked with both manufacturers and service providers in developing Internet exchange points such as PARIX and international backbones. He has contributed toward many IPv6 technical papers and IETF RFCs and drafts. He is regular speaker on IPv6 topics both at Cisco events and at IPv6 international conferences such as Cisco Networkers, AFNOG, and IPv6 Forum events. He holds an M.S. in chemistry and an M.S. in computer science from institutions in France.

Alexandre Cassen works as a software architect at Freebox, the R&D lab of Free.fr. He focuses on large-scale protocol and software design and implementation of value-added services. Most of his time is dedicated to developing software for IPTV and VoIP networking components. He enjoys learning new networking protocols and technologies.

ABOUT THE REVIEWERS

Abe Martey, CCIE No. 2373, works in the focused technical support group in Cisco Systems, where he provides expert support on Cisco’s high-speed router platforms and other SP core networking technologies to major worldwide SPs. Abe is the author of IS-IS Network Design Solutions and coauthor of Troubleshooting IP Routing Protocols, both published by Cisco Press. Abe has been with Cisco for over 10 years, during which he has held several positions ranging from technical support and technical and product marketing. Prior to Cisco, Abe was a network engineer at Sprint, where he worked in Sprint’s Managed Router Network Group and also as a support engineer in the early days of the Sprintlink IP Network. Abe has an MS in electrical engineering and is an active member of the IEEE.

Srinivasa Neppalli, CCIE No. 6370, works as a Network Consulting Engineer in the Advanced Services Broadband Team at Cisco Systems. He has been with Cisco since 1999. He holds CCIE certifications in R&S and service provider tracks. He has been providing consulting service for service providers and cable MSOs for the last seven years. He focuses on IP backbone technologies and his expertise includes routing protocols, MPLS applications, multicast, and IPv6. He holds a master’s degree in electrical engineering.

Roy Boos is a Network Consulting Engineer in the Cisco Advanced Services Group. He has been with Cisco for over 10 years. His areas of expertise include network management, SNMP, broadband cable, and provisioning. His customers have included major MSOs in North America and ASIAPAC. He has provided detailed audits of their provisioning systems and authored several best practices white papers on monitoring recommendations for the 7246VXR, uBRlOK, and 7600 via SNMP. Roy holds a bachelor’s degree in computer engineering.

Michael Reekie is a Network Consulting Engineer in the Cisco Systems Advanced Services (AS) team. Michael has been involved in the testing and deployment of the Cisco Network Registrar (CNR) DHCP and DNS servers, and the Broadband Access Center family of products since joining Cisco in 1999 as part of the American Internet acquisition. In 2001, he played a key role in performance testing of the redesigned CNR DHCP protocol engine. Later he created an in-depth training program for engineers tasked with supporting CNR in the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC). Michael joined Cisco Advanced Services in 2006 and has been supporting Tier 1 Cable MSO customer’ provisioning data and voice services since then. He received his bachelor’s degree in 1993 from Boston University.

1

IPv6 Drivers in Broadband Networks

With the exponential growth of the Internet and an increasing number of end users, service providers (SPs) are looking for new ways to evolve their current network architecture to meet the needs of Internet-ready appliances, new applications, and new services. Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is designed to enable SPs to meet these challenges and provide new services to their customers.

The life of IPv4 was extended by using techniques such as network address translation (NAT) and other innovative address allocation schemes. However, the need for intermediate nodes to manipulate data payload while employing these schemes posed a challenge to peer-to-peer communications, end-to-end security, and quality of service (QoS) deployments. IPv6 also addresses fundamental limitations in the IPv4 protocol that renders the latter incapable of meeting long-term requirements of commercial applications. Besides its inherent capabilities to overcome the aforementioned limitations, IPv6 also supports an address space quadruple of that of IPv4, by supporting 128-bit instead of 32-bit addresses (RFC3513). The huge IPv6 address space will enable IPv6 to accommodate the impending worldwide explosion in Internet use. IPv6 addressing provides ample addresses for connecting consumer home/Internet appliances, IP phones for voice and video, mobile phones, web servers, and so on, to the Internet without using IP address conversion, pooling, and temporary allocation techniques. IPv6 is designed to enhance end-to-end security, mobile communications, and QoS, and also to ease system manage¬ment burdens, as the protocol is still evolving, with some of its capabilities still a work in progress by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).