Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Geophysical Monograph Series
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 900

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Beschreibung

A comprehensive handbook on state-of-the-art DAS technology and applications Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a technology that records sound and vibration signals along a fiber optic cable. Its advantages of high resolution, continuous, and real-time measurements mean that DAS systems have been rapidly adopted for a range of applications, including hazard mitigation, energy industries, geohydrology, environmental monitoring, and civil engineering. Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics: Methods and Applications presents experiences from both industry and academia on using DAS in a range of geophysical applications. Volume highlights include: * DAS concepts, principles, and measurements * Comprehensive review of the historical development of DAS and related technologies * DAS applications in hydrocarbon, geothermal, and mining industries * DAS applications in seismology * DAS applications in environmental and shallow geophysics The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

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Geophysical Monograph 268

Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics

Methods and Applications

Yingping LiMartin KarrenbachJonathan B. Ajo‐Franklin

Editors

This work is a co-publication of the American Geophysical Union and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication DataNames: Li, Yingping, editor. | Karrenbach, Martin, editor. | Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan, editor.Title: Distributed acoustic sensing in geophysics : methods and applications / Yingping Li, Martin Karrenbach, Jonathan Ajo-Franklin, editor.Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-American Geophysical Union, [2021] | Series: Geophysical monograph series | Includes bibliographical references.Identifiers: LCCN 2021015330 (print) | LCCN 2021015331 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119521792 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119521822 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119521778 (epub)Subjects: LCSH: Geophysics—Methodology. | Optical fiber detectors. | Imaging systems in geophysics. | Microseisms. | Tomography.Classification: LCC QC808.5 .D57 2021 (print) | LCC QC808.5 (ebook) | DDC 681/.25—dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021015330LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021015331

Cover Design: WileyCover Image: © Jonathan Ajo‐Franklin

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Fan AiSchool of Optical and Electronic InformationNational Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access SystemHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China

Jonathan B. Ajo‐FranklinDepartment of Earth, Environmental and Planetary SciencesRice UniversityHouston, Texas, USAandEnergy Geosciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, California, USA

Jonathan A. BaldwinU.S. Army Corps of EngineersWashington, District of Columbia, USA

Biondo L. BiondiDepartment of GeophysicsStanford UniversityStanford, California, USAandInstitute for Computational and Mathematical EngineeringStanford, California, USA

Joel Le CalvezSchlumbergerHouston, Texas, USA

Timothy Robert CarrDepartment of Geology and GeographyWest Virginia UniversityMorgantown, West Virginia, USA

Athena ChalariSilixa Ltd.Elstree, UK

Yuan‐Zhong ChenSchool of Information and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, ChinaandBGP Inc.China National Petroleum CorporationZhuozhou, China

Robert G. ClappDepartment of GeophysicsStanford UniversityStanford, California, USA

Thomas ColemanSilixa LLC.,Missoula, Montana, USA

Julia CorreaEnergy Geosciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, California, USAandCentre for Exploration GeophysicsCurtin UniversityPerth, AustraliaandCO2CRC LimitedMelbourne, Australia

Thomas M. DaleyEnergy Geosciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, California, USA

Shan DouVisier Inc. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Yuting DuanShell Technology CenterHouston, Texas, USA

Andreas EllmauthalerHalliburtonHouston, Texas, USA

Cunzheng FanSchool of Optical and Electronic InformationNational Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access SystemHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China

Mahmoud FarhadiroushanSilixa Ltd.Elstree, UK

Kurt L. FeiglDepartment of GeoscienceUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadison, Wisconsin, USA

Shengwen FengKey Laboratories of Transducer TechnologyInstitute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, ChinaandCollege of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China

Dante FrattaDepartment of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadison, Wisconsin, USA

Barry M. FreifeldClass VI Solutions Inc. Oakland, California, USA

Stanislav GlubokovskikhCentre for Exploration GeophysicsCurtin UniversityPerth, AustraliaandCO2CRC LimitedMelbourne, Australia

Guang‐Min HuSchool of Information and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China

Jian‐Hua HuangBGP Inc.China National Petroleum CorporationZhuozhou, China

Fantine HuotDepartment of GeophysicsStanford UniversityStanford, California, USA

Payam Kavousi GhahfarokhiDepartment of Geology and GeographyWest Virginia UniversityMorgantown, West Virginia, USA

Martin KarrenbachOptaSense Inc. (A LUNA Company)Brea, California, USA

Denis KiyashchenkoShell Technology CenterHouston, Texas, USA

Chelsea E. LancelleDepartment of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–PlattevillePlatteville, Wisconsin, USA

Michel J. LeBlancHalliburtonHouston, Texas, USA

Fang LiKey Laboratories of Transducer TechnologyInstitute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, ChinaandCollege of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China

Fei LiBGP Inc.China National Petroleum CorporationZhuozhou, China

Hao LiSchool of Optical and Electronic InformationNational Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access SystemHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China

Xiaolei LiOVLINK Inc.Wuhan, China

Yan‐Peng LiBGP Inc.China National Petroleum CorporationZhuozhou, China

Yingping LiBlueSkyDas (formerly Shell)Houston, Texas, USA

Nathaniel J. LindseyFiberSenseSydney, Australia

Deming LiuSchool of Optical and Electronic InformationNational Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access SystemHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China

Jorge LopezShell Brasil Petróleo Ltda.Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Neal LordDepartment of GeoscienceUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadison, Wisconsin, USA

Lilong MaKey Laboratories of Transducer TechnologyInstitute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, ChinaandCollege of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China

Eileen R. MartinDepartment of MathematicsVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburg, Virginia, USA

Keithan MartinDepartment of Geology and GeographyWest Virginia UniversityMorgantown, West Virginia, USA

Albena MateevaShell Technology CenterHouston, Texas, USA

Takashi MizunoSchlumbergerHouston, Texas, USA

Inder MongaEnergy Sciences NetworkLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, California, USA

Tom ParkerSilixa Ltd.Elstree, UK

Roman PevznerCentre for Exploration GeophysicsCurtin UniversityPerth, AustraliaandCO2CRC LimitedMelbourne, Australia

Daniel RaymerSchlumbergerHouston, Texas, USA

Michelle RobertsonEnergy Geosciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, California, USA

Verónica Rodríguez TribaldosEnergy Geosciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, California, USA

Sergey ShatalinSilixa Ltd.Elstree, UK

Qizhen SunSchool of Optical and Electronic InformationNational Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access SystemHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China

Konstantin TertyshnikovCentre for Exploration GeophysicsCurtin UniversityPerth, AustraliaandCO2CRC LimitedMelbourne, Australia

Clifford H. ThurberDepartment of GeoscienceUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadison, Wisconsin, USA

Chris TracyEnergy Sciences NetworkLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, California, USA

Whitney Trainor‐GuittonDepartment of GeophysicsColorado School of MinesGolden, Colorado, USAandW Team GeosolutionsTwin Falls, Idaho, USA

Craig UlrichEnergy Geosciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, California, USA

Herbert F. WangDepartment of GeoscienceUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadison, Wisconsin, USA

Shi‐Ze WangBGP Inc.China National Petroleum CorporationZhuozhou, China

Mark E. WillisHalliburtonHouston, Texas, USA

Cody WilsonDepartment of Geology and GeographyWest Virginia UniversityMorgantown, West Virginia, USA

Todd WoodEnergy Geosciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, California, USA

Jun‐Jun WuBGP Inc.China National Petroleum CorporationZhuozhou, China

Xiang WuHalliburton Far East Pte. Ltd.Singapore

Tuanwei XuKey Laboratories of Transducer TechnologyInstitute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, ChinaandCollege of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China

Zhijun YanSchool of Optical and Electronic InformationNational Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access SystemHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China

Kaiheng YangKey Laboratories of Transducer TechnologyInstitute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, ChinaandCollege of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China

Sinem YavuzCentre for Exploration GeophysicsCurtin UniversityPerth, AustraliaandCO2CRC LimitedMelbourne, Australia

Gang YuBGP Inc.China National Petroleum CorporationZhuozhou, ChinaandSchool of Information and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China

Siyuan YuanDepartment of GeophysicsStanford UniversityStanford, California, USA

Xiangfang ZengState Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’sDynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, ChinaandDepartment of GeoscienceUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadison, Wisconsin, USA

Wei ZhangSchool of Optical and Electronic InformationNational Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access SystemHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China

LIST OF REVIEWERS

Reza Barati

Matt Becker

Gary Binder

Biondo L. Biondi

Stefan Buske

Dongjie Cheng

Feng Cheng

Steve Cole

Julia Correa

Thomas M. Daley

Timothy Dean

Yuting Duan

Mahmoud Farhadiroushan

Barry M. Freifeld

Andrew Greenwood

Alireza Haghighat

Ge Jin

John Michael Kendall

Hunter Knox

Ivan Lim Chen Ning

Nathaniel J. Lindsey

Min LouLinquing Luo

Stefan Lüth

Eileen R. Martin

Robert Mellors

Khalid Miah

Douglas Miller

Takashi Mizuno

Gerrit Olivier

Roman Pevzner

Michelle Robertson

Verónica Rodríguez Tribaldos

Bill Roggenthen

Baishali Roy

Ali Sayed

Alireza Shahkarami

Robert Stewart

Aleksei Titov

Whitney Trainor‐Guitton

Milovan Urosevic

Guchang Wang

Herbert F. Wang

Erik Westman

Ethan Williams

Mark E. Willis

Xiangfang Zeng

Ge Zhan

Zhongwen Zhan

Haijiang Zhang

Ran Zhou

Ding Zhu

Tieyuan Zhu

PREFACE

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems are optoelectronic instruments that measure acoustic interactions (distributed strain or strain rate) along the length of a fiber‐optic sensing cable. DAS observation systems can record sound and vibration signals along several tens of kilometers of sensing optical fiber with fine spatial resolution (1–10 m) and over a wide frequency range (from millihertz to tens of kilohertz). DAS provides a large sensing aperture for acquiring high‐resolution acoustic data in both time and space domains. The advantages of DAS technology have enabled its rapid adoption across a range of applications, including geophysics geohydrology, environmental monitoring, geotechnical and civil engineering (railroad, tunnel, and bridge monitoring), hazard mitigation and prevention, and safety and security fields.

This monograph focuses on various DAS applications in geophysics. The use of DAS in the oil, gas, geothermal, and mining industries for high‐resolution borehole and surface seismic imaging, and microseismic monitoring for hydraulic fractures has accelerated with improvements in the sensitivity of DAS instruments, advances in real‐time big data processing, and flexible and economic deployment of fiber‐optic sensing cables. There is also growing interest in using DAS for critical geophysical infrastructure applications, such as earthquake and near‐surface passive seismic analysis, including the development of tailored or novel numerical techniques. This book aims to engage both the scientific and industrial communities to share their knowledge and experiences of using DAS for novel geophysical applications.

The origin of this book was the 2017 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting, when scientists and engineers from both industry and academia gathered in New Orleans to present their fantastic research outcomes on DAS instrumentations and applications in geophysics and seismology. As DAS technologies have continued to advance, more and more successful geophysical DAS applications have been reported and published in different geophysical and seismological journals, abstracts, and proceedings of technical conferences, such as the AGU, the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), the European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers (EAGE), the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), and the Seismological Society of America (SSA). However, few DAS books are available on DAS principles, instrumentation, and geophysical applications. Many attendees at the DAS sessions at the 2017 AGU Fall Meeting expressed that there was a need for a book on DAS geophysical applications. We had interesting discussions with many scientists and engineers working on the frontier of DAS geophysical applications about the potential for a book. We specially recognize Biondo L. Biondi, Thomas M. Daley, William Ellsworth, Mahmoud Farhadiroushan, Barry M. Freifeld, Albena Mateeva, Robert Mellors, Clifford H. Thurber, Herbert Wang, and Mark E. Willis, as well as many others for their encouragement.

During the 2017 AGU Fall Meeting in New Orleans, we fortunately got an opportunity to meet with the AGU Books Editor, Dr. Bose, who was already aware of this rapidly growing scientific field. We discussed a potential book on DAS geophysical applications, and she was very supportive and invited us to submit a book proposal for an AGU monograph. With no surprise, this DAS book proposal received very positive comments and constructive suggestions from all reviewers. Several reviewers also asked for an opportunity to submit their own contributions to this monograph. We are grateful to those anonymous reviewers of the book proposal for their positive comments and constructive suggestions that led this book to be initiated.

This monograph is organized into four parts. Part I starts with principles of DAS measurements and instruments. DAS interrogation units transmit a pulse of laser light into the fiber. As this pulse of light travels down the fiber, interactions within the fiber result in light reflections known as backscatter (Rayleigh scattering). Backscatters are determined by tiny strain events within the fiber, which in turn are caused by localized acoustic energy. This backscattered light travels back up the fiber toward the interrogation unit where it is sampled. Part II introduces various DAS applications in the oil and gas, geothermal, and mining industries. Part III looks at DAS applications in seismic monitoring. DAS microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing is an industry application but with passive seismic sources. The microseismic DAS method has been shown to have sufficient sensitivity to record very small magnitude microearthquakes with DAS deployed in boreholes. Microseismic DAS systems can be naturally extended to monitoring larger earthquake activity, and slow deformation of Earth’s structure with large‐scale fiber‐optic networks. Part IV discusses DAS environmental and shallow geophysical applications such as geological carbon dioxide sequestration. The final chapter presents a review of fiber optical sensing applications in geophysics including historical developments and recent advances. The list of over 900 literature references of DAS and related technologies will benefit readers, especially newcomers who have just stepped into this fast-growing field.

We would like to thank the AGU Books Editorial Board for supporting this monograph. Without the efforts from contributing authors it would not have been possible to accomplish this project. We would also like to thank the many volunteer reviewers who spent tremendous amounts of time and effort to ensure that each chapter is of the highest quality. We appreciate Jonathan B. Ajo‐Franklin, Biondo L. Biondi, Mahmoud Farhadiroushan, Albena Mateeva, and Siyuan Yuan for providing their pictures as candidates for the book cover design. Thanks are also extended to the AGU Books editorial team at Wiley, especially Dr. Rituparna Bose, Layla Harden, Noel McGlinchey, Vaishali Rajasekar, Sangaprabha Mohan, Bobby Kilshaw, Nithya Sechin, and Emily Bae, for their organization, management, and cover design.

This monograph will be the first comprehensive handbook for anyone interested in learning DAS principles and applications. We hope that the book will have a wide spectrum of readers – such as geophysicists, seismologists, geologists, and geoscientists; environmental scientists; and graduate and undergraduate students in geophysics and geoscience – with a common interest in DAS geophysical applications. This book also provides a common platform to the scientific and industry communities to share state‐of‐the‐art DAS technology.

Yingping Li

BlueSkyDas (formerly Shell), USA

Martin Karrenbach

OptaSense Inc. (A LUNA Company), USA

Jonathan B. Ajo‐Franklin

Rice University and Lawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory, USA

Part IDistributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS)Concept, Principle, and Measurements