Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks E-Book
Xiang Zhou
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Serie: Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering
- Sprache: Englisch
Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks
Presents the technological advancements that enable high spectral-efficiency and high-capacity fiber-optic communication systems and networks
This book examines key technology advances in high spectral-efficiency fiber-optic communication systems and networks, enabled by the use of coherent detection and digital signal processing (DSP). The first of this book’s 16 chapters is a detailed introduction. Chapter 2 reviews the modulation formats, while Chapter 3 focuses on detection and error correction technologies for coherent optical communication systems. Chapters 4 and 5 are devoted to Nyquist-WDM and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). In chapter 6, polarization and nonlinear impairments in coherent optical communication systems are discussed. The fiber nonlinear effects in a non-dispersion-managed system are covered in chapter 7. Chapter 8 describes linear impairment equalization and Chapter 9 discusses various nonlinear mitigation techniques. Signal synchronization is covered in Chapters 10 and 11. Chapter 12 describes the main constraints put on the DSP algorithms by the hardware structure. Chapter 13 addresses the fundamental concepts and recent progress of photonic integration. Optical performance monitoring and elastic optical network technology are the subjects of Chapters 14 and 15. Finally, Chapter 16 discusses spatial-division multiplexing and MIMO processing technology, a potential solution to solve the capacity limit of single-mode fibers.
- Contains basic theories and up-to-date technology advancements in each chapter
- Describes how capacity-approaching coding schemes based on low-density parity check (LDPC) and spatially coupled LDPC codes can be constructed by combining iterative demodulation and decoding
- Demonstrates that fiber nonlinearities can be accurately described by some analytical models, such as GN-EGN model
- Presents impairment equalization and mitigation techniques
Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks is a reference for researchers, engineers, and graduate students.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016
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Table of Contents
COVER
WILEY SERIES IN MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL ENGINEERING
TITLE PAGE
COPYRIGHT
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 HIGH-CAPACITY FIBER TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION
1.2 FUNDAMENTALS OF COHERENT TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY
1.3 OUTLINE OF THIS BOOK
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2: MULTIDIMENSIONAL OPTIMIZED OPTICAL MODULATION FORMATS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL MODULATION
2.3 MODULATION FORMATS AND THEIR IDEAL PERFORMANCE
2.4 COMBINATIONS OF CODING AND MODULATION
2.5 EXPERIMENTAL WORK
2.6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 3: ADVANCES IN DETECTION AND ERROR CORRECTION FOR COHERENT OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS: REGULAR, IRREGULAR, AND SPATIALLY COUPLED LDPC CODE DESIGNS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 DIFFERENTIAL CODING FOR OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS
3.3 LDPC-CODED DIFFERENTIAL MODULATION
3.4 CODED DIFFERENTIAL MODULATION WITH SPATIALLY COUPLED LDPC CODES
3.5 CONCLUSIONS
APPENDIX: LDPC-CODED DIFFERENTIAL MODULATION—DECODING ALGORITHMS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4: SPECTRALLY EFFICIENT MULTIPLEXING: NYQUIST-WDM
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 NYQUIST SIGNALING SCHEMES
4.3 DETECTION OF A NYQUIST-WDM SIGNAL
4.4 PRACTICAL NYQUIST-WDM TRANSMITTER IMPLEMENTATIONS
4.5 NYQUIST-WDM TRANSMISSION
4.6 CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 5: SPECTRALLY EFFICIENT MULTIPLEXING – OFDM
5.1 OFDM BASICS
5.2 COHERENT OPTICAL OFDM (CO-OFDM)
5.3 DIRECT-DETECTION OPTICAL OFDM (DDO-OFDM)
5.4 SELF-COHERENT OPTICAL OFDM
5.5 DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM SPREAD OFDM SYSTEM (DFT-S OFDM)
5.6 OFDM-BASED SUPERCHANNEL TRANSMISSIONS
5.7 SUMMARY
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 6: POLARIZATION AND NONLINEAR IMPAIRMENTS IN FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 POLARIZATION OF LIGHT
6.3 PMD AND PDL IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
6.4 MODELING OF NONLINEAR EFFECTS IN OPTICAL FIBERS
6.5 COHERENT OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL EQUALIZATION
6.6 PMD AND PDL IMPAIRMENTS IN COHERENT SYSTEMS
6.7 NONLINEAR IMPAIRMENTS IN COHERENT SYSTEMS
6.8 SUMMARY
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 7: ANALYTICAL MODELING OF THE IMPACT OF FIBER NON-LINEAR PROPAGATION ON COHERENT SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
7.1 WHY ARE ANALYTICAL MODELS IMPORTANT?
7.2 BACKGROUND
7.3 INTRODUCING THE GN–EGN MODEL CLASS
7.4 MODEL SELECTION GUIDE
7.5 CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
APPENDIX
A.1 BER FORMULAS FOR THE MOST COMMON QAM SYSTEMS
A.2 THE LINK FUNCTION
A.3 THE EGN MODEL FORMULAS FOR THE X2-X4 AND M1-M3 ISLANDS
A.4 OUTLINE OF GN–EGN MODEL DERIVATION
A.5 LIST OF ACRONYMS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 8: DIGITAL EQUALIZATION IN COHERENT OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 PRIMER ON THE MATHEMATICS OF LEAST SQUARES FIR FILTERS
8.3 EQUALIZATION OF CHROMATIC DISPERSION
8.4 EQUALIZATION OF POLARIZATION-MODE DISPERSION
8.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 9: NONLINEAR COMPENSATION FOR DIGITAL COHERENT TRANSMISSION
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 DIGITAL BACKWARD PROPAGATION (DBP)
9.3 REDUCING DBP COMPLEXITY FOR DISPERSION-UNMANAGED WDM TRANSMISSION
9.4 DBP FOR DISPERSION-MANAGED WDM TRANSMISSION
9.5 DBP FOR POLARIZATION-MULTIPLEXED TRANSMISSION
9.6 FUTURE RESEARCH
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 10: TIMING SYNCHRONIZATION IN COHERENT OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 OVERALL SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT
10.3 JITTER PENALTY AND JITTER SOURCES IN A COHERENT SYSTEM
10.4 DIGITAL PHASE DETECTORS
10.5 THE CHROMATIC DISPERSION PROBLEM
10.6 THE POLARIZATION-MODE DISPERSION PROBLEM
10.7 TIMING SYNCHRONIZATION FOR COHERENT OPTICAL OFDM
10.8 FUTURE RESEARCH
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 11: CARRIER RECOVERY IN COHERENT OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.2 OPTIMAL CARRIER RECOVERY
11.3 HARDWARE-EFFICIENT PHASE RECOVERY ALGORITHMS
11.4 HARDWARE-EFFICIENT FREQUENCY RECOVERY ALGORITHMS
11.5 EQUALIZER-PHASE NOISE INTERACTION AND ITS MITIGATION
11.6 CARRIER RECOVERY IN COHERENT OFDM SYSTEMS
11.7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 12: REAL-TIME IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH-SPEED DIGITAL COHERENT TRANSCEIVERS
12.1 ALGORITHM CONSTRAINTS
12.2 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL COHERENT RECEIVERS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 13: PHOTONIC INTEGRATION
13.1 INTRODUCTION
13.2 OVERVIEW OF PHOTONIC INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGIES
13.3 TRANSMITTERS
13.4 RECEIVERS
13.5 CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 14: OPTICAL PERFORMANCE MONITORING FOR FIBER-OPTIC COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
14.1 INTRODUCTION
14.2 OPM TECHNIQUES FOR DIRECT DETECTION SYSTEMS
14.3 OPM For Coherent Detection Systems
14.4 INTEGRATING OPM FUNCTIONALITIES IN NETWORKING
14.5 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 15: RATE-ADAPTABLE OPTICAL TRANSMISSION AND ELASTIC OPTICAL NETWORKS
15.1 Introduction
15.2 KEY BUILDING BLOCKS
15.3 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR ELASTIC WDM TRANSMISSION
15.4 OPPORTUNITIES FOR ELASTIC TECHNOLOGIES IN CORE NETWORKS
15.5 LONG TERM OPPORTUNITIES
15.6 CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 16: SPACE-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING AND MIMO PROCESSING
16.1 SPACE-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING IN OPTICAL FIBERS
16.2 OPTICAL FIBERS FOR SDM TRANSMISSION
16.3 OPTICAL TRANSMISSION IN SDM FIBERS WITH LOW CROSSTALK
16.4 MIMO-BASED OPTICAL TRANSMISSION IN SDM FIBERS
16.5 IMPULSE RESPONSE IN SDM FIBERS WITH MODE COUPLING
16.6 MIMO-BASED SDM TRANSMISSION RESULTS
16.7 OPTICAL COMPONENTS FOR SDM TRANSMISSION
16.8 CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
INDEX
WILEY SERIES IN MICROWAVE & OPTICAL ENGINEERING
End User License Agreement
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Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Preface
Begin Reading
List of Tables
CHAPTER 2: MULTIDIMENSIONAL OPTIMIZED OPTICAL MODULATION FORMATS
Table 2.1 Known densest lattices, their number of nearest neighbors, and densities
Table 2.2 Known maxima for and their optimum number of points
Table 2.3 First experimental demonstrations and theoretical proposals of 4D modulation formats in coherent optical transmission links
CHAPTER 3: ADVANCES IN DETECTION AND ERROR CORRECTION FOR COHERENT OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS: REGULAR, IRREGULAR, AND SPATIALLY COUPLED LDPC CODE DESIGNS
Table 3.1 Differential encoding map for the natural differential code
Table 3.2 Differential encoding map for the Gray differential code
Table 3.3 Differential encoding map for the Gray differential code taking into account the phase-slip variable
Table 3.4 Theoretical thresholds values of (in dB) for the designed codes
Table 3.5 Degree distributions of all considered codes
CHAPTER 4: SPECTRALLY EFFICIENT MULTIPLEXING: NYQUIST-WDM
Table 4.1 Parameters of the SSMF and PSCF
Table 4.2 Experimental demonstrations of optical Nyquist-WDM
Table 4.3 Experimental demonstrations of digital Nyquist-WDM
CHAPTER 7: ANALYTICAL MODELING OF THE IMPACT OF FIBER NON-LINEAR PROPAGATION ON COHERENT SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
Table 7.1 Parameters of the fiber types addressed in this chapter
Table 7.2 Values of the and parameters
CHAPTER 9: NONLINEAR COMPENSATION FOR DIGITAL COHERENT TRANSMISSION
Table 9.1 Comparison of computational complexity
F
for SPM, XPM, and FWM compensation using DBP normalized to that for lump dispersion compensation (
F
D
= 1)
CHAPTER 11: CARRIER RECOVERY IN COHERENT OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Table 11.1 Achievable linewidth tolerance using the BPS algorithm with differing square QAM constellations
Table 11.2 A comparison for several recently demonstrated carrier phase recovery algorithms
Table 11.3 Simulated BER versus number of iterations (laser linewidth = 0.8 MHz) when using the proposed EPNI mitigation algorithm
CHAPTER 12: REAL-TIME IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH-SPEED DIGITAL COHERENT TRANSCEIVERS
Table 12.1 Real-time signal processing latencies for basic DSP functions
CHAPTER 13: PHOTONIC INTEGRATION
Table 13.1 High-level comparison of different photonic integration technologies for coherent optical transceivers. As each technology evolves, this Table may only serve as a guideline
Table 13.2 Performance comparisons of MZMs with different technologies
Table 13.3 Some reported
I
/
Q
modulators on InP PICs
Table 13.4 Some previously reported coherent receivers based on InP PICs
CHAPTER 15: RATE-ADAPTABLE OPTICAL TRANSMISSION AND ELASTIC OPTICAL NETWORKS
Table 15.1 Main approaches for resource assignment for fixed- and flex-grid elastic networks, their application scopes and solution methods
CHAPTER 16: SPACE-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING AND MIMO PROCESSING
Table 16.1 Maximum accepTable crosstalk level for a given added system penalty observed at a bit-error rate of as a function of the modulation format (according to [32] for a 21.4-Gbaud signal)
Table 16.2 Summary of relevant SDM transmission in multicore fibers
Table 16.3 Summary of relevant MIMO-based transmission results in SDM fibers
WILEY SERIES IN MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL ENGINEERING
KAI CHANG, Series Editor
Texas A&M University
A complete list of the titles in this series appears at the end of this volume.
ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR HIGH SPECTRAL-EFFICIENCY COHERENT OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Edited by
XIANG ZHOU
CHONGJIN XIE
Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada
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