Engineered Nanoparticles and the Environment E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Wiley-IUPAC Series Biophysico-Chemical Processes in Environmental Systems
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1792

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016

Beschreibung

Details the source, release, exposure, adsorption, aggregation, bioavailability, transport, transformation, and modeling of engineered nanoparticles found in many common products and applications

• Covers synthesis, environmental application, detection, and characterization of engineered nanoparticles
• Details the toxicity and risk assessment of engineered nanoparticles
• Includes topics on the transport, transformation, and modeling of engineered nanoparticles
• Presents the latest developments and knowledge of engineered nanoparticles
• Written by world leading experts from prestigious universities and companies

Leseprobe

Wiley-IUPAC Series in Biophysico-Chemical Processes in Environmental Systems

Series Editors: Nicola Senesi and Baoshan Xing

The Division of Chemistry and the Environment of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is sponsoring this series which addresses the fundamentals of physical-chemical-biological interfacial interactions in the environment and the impacts on: (1) the transformation, transport, and fate of nutrients and pollutants, (2) food chain contamination and food quality and safety, and (3) ecosystem health, including human health. In contrast to classical books that focus largely on separate physical, chemical, and biological processes, this book series is unique in integrating the frontiers of knowledge of both fundamentals and impacts of interfacial interactions of these processes in the global environment.

Books in the series:

Biophysico-Chemical Processes of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments, edited by Antonio Violante, Pan Ming Huang, and Geoffrey M. Gadd

Biophysico-Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems, edited by Nicola Senesi, Baoshan Xing, and Pan Ming Huang

Biophysico-Chemical Processes of Anthropogenic Organic Compounds in Environmental Systems, edited by Baoshan Xing, Nicola Senesi, and Pan Ming Huang

ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Biophysicochemical Processes and Toxicity

Edited by

BAOSHAN XING CHAD D. VECITIS NICOLA SENESI

Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Names: Xing, Baoshan, editor. | Vecitis, Chad D., editor. | Senesi, N. (Nicola), editor. Title: Engineered nanoparticles and the environment : biophysicochemical processes and toxicity / edited by Baoshan Xing, Chad D. Vecitis, Nicola Senesi. Description: Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, 2016. | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016017203 | ISBN 9781119275824 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119275848 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Nanoparticles–Toxicology. | Nanoparticles–Environmental aspects. Classification: LCC RA1270.N36 E54 2016 | DDC 615.9/02–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016017203

CONTENTS

SERIES PREFACE

PREFACE

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

PART I SYNTHESIS, ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION, DETECTION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES

1 CHALLENGES FACING THE ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ENTERPRISE

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Current Challenges in Environmental Nanotechnology

1.3 Conclusions

References

2 ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES FOR WATER TREATMENT APPLICATION

2.1 Introduction: an Emerging Water Problem

2.2 Water Purification Processes Using Nanoparticles

2.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives

References

3 MASS SPECTROMETRIC METHODS FOR INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF SURFACE CHEMISTRY ON THE FATE OF CORE–SHELL NANOPARTICLES IN BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Core–Shell Nanoparticles

3.3 Effect of Surface Chemistry on Nanoparticle Uptake

3.4 Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Tracking Nanoparticles in Complex Mixtures

3.5 Summary and Conclusions

References

4 SEPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF NANOPARTICLES (NP) IN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Major Challenges

4.3 Different Approaches to Quantify Engineered NP in Environmental Matrices

4.4 Initial Sample Preparation for Engineered NP

4.5 Sophisticated Sample Preparation for Engineered NP

4.6 Engineered NP in Different Environmental Compartments (Water, Sludge, Soils, Sediment)

4.7 Future Trends and Demands

4.8 List of Abbreviations

References

5 NANOCATALYSTS FOR GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION

5.1 Organohalides and Nitrates: Common Grounwater Contaminants

5.2 Conventional Physicochemical Remediation Methods

5.3 Nanocatalyzed Degradation of Aqueous Compounds

5.4 Future Work and Conclusions

References

PART II ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASE, PROCESSES, AND MODELING OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES

6 PROPERTIES, SOURCES, PATHWAYS, AND FATE OF NANOPARTICLES IN THE ENVIRONMENT

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Nanoparticle Classification

6.3 Sources of Engineered Nanoparticles in the Environment

6.4 Behavior and Fate of Engineered Nanoparticles

6.5 Conclusions

References

7 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE MODELING METHODS FOR ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Current Decision Support Guidance and Software: Place of Nanomaterials

7.3 Representation of Nano-Specific Data for Modeling Purposes

7.4 Modeling Techniques: Describing The Fate and Flow of Nanomaterials

7.5 Future Data Requirements for The Exposure Modeling of Nanomaterials

References

8 AGGREGATION KINETICS AND FRACTAL DIMENSIONS OF NANOMATERIALS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Theoretical Framework

8.3 Common Experimental Techniques

8.4 State of Nanoparticle Aggregation Studies

8.5 Recent Advances in Aggregation Studies

8.6 Future Challenges and Research Directions

Acknowledgments

Appendix: Symbols

References

9 ADSORPTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Sorption Characteristics of OCs on Different Types of ENPs

9.3 The Methods Applied to Study the Adsorption Mechanisms of OCs by ENPs

9.4 OC–ENP Interactions in Environment-Relevant Conditions

9.5 The Risks of OC–ENP Interaction

9.6 Summary and Future Perspectives

Acknowledgments

References

10 SORPTION OF HEAVY METALS BY ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Sorption Mechanisms of Heavy Metals by ENMs

10.3 Sorption Kinetics of Heavy Metals by ENMs

10.4 Sorption Thermodynamics of Heavy Metals by ENMs

10.5 Factors Influencing Heavy Metal Sorption by ENMs

10.6 Summary and Perspective

References

11 EMISSION, TRANSFORMATION, AND FATE OF NANOPARTICLES IN THE ATMOSPHERE

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Summary of Previous Review Articles

11.3 Physicochemical Characteristics of Atmospheric Nanoparticles

11.4 Emissions of Airborne Nanoparticles in Atmospheric Environment

11.5 Atmospheric Transformation of Natural and Incidental Nanoparticles

11.6 Fate of Naturally, Incidentally, and Intentionally Produced Nanoparticles

11.7 Summary and Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

12 NANOPARTICLE AGGREGATION AND DEPOSITION IN POROUS MEDIA

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Colloidal Interactions Governing Nanoparticle Aggregation and Deposition

12.3 Nanoparticle Aggregation in Aqueous Environment

12.4 Nanoparticle Deposition in Porous Media

12.5 Challenges in Understanding Nanoparticle Transport in Natural Environments

References

13 INTERFACIAL CHARGE TRANSFERS OF SURFACE-MODIFIED TIO

2

NANOPARTICLES IN PHOTOCATALYTIC WATER TREATMENT

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Degussa P25: Origin of High Photocatalytic Activity

13.3 Common Strategies to Improve TiO

2

Photocatalytic Activity: Surface Modificaition

13.4 Importance of Interparticle Charge Transfer

13.5 Comments on Evaluating Photocatalytic Activity

13.6 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

14 CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF METAL, METAL OXIDE, AND METAL CHALCOGENIDE NANOPARTICLES IN THE ENVIRONMENT

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Nanoscale Properties of Materials

14.3 Dissociative Dissolution

14.4 Redox Reactions

14.5 Light-Induced Reactions

14.6 Future Research Needs

Acknowledgments

References

PART III TOXICITY OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES AND RISK ASSESSMENT

15 FATE, BEHAVIOR, AND BIOPHYSICAL MODELING OF NANOPARTICLES IN LIVING SYSTEMS

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Solubility and Transport of Carbon Nanoparticles in the Aqueous Environment

15.3 Fullerene Binding with Nucleic Acids

15.4 Molecular Dynamics Simulations of DNA Polymerase Inhibition by Fullerene Derivatives

15.5 Fullerene Derivatives Interacting with Biomolecular Assemblies: Membranes and Microtubules

15.6 Silver Nanoparticle-Ubiquitin Corona

15.7 Summary

Acknowledgment

References

16 SUBCHRONIC INHALATION TOXICITY STUDY IN RATS WITH CARBON NANOFIBERS: NEED FOR ESTABLISHING A WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE APPROACH FOR SETTING NO OBSERVED ADVERSE EFFECT LEVELS (NOAELs)

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Study Design and Material Characterization

16.3 Results

16.4 Discussion and Conclusions

Funding Information

Acknowledgments

References

17 TOXICITY OF MANUFACTURED NANOMATERIALS TO MICROORGANISMS

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Mechanisms of Effects of MNMs to Microbial Populations

17.3 Exposure and Effects of MNMs to Soil Microbial Communities

17.4 Exposure and Effects of MNMs to Aquatic Microbial Communities

17.5 Ecosystem Consequences of MNM Interactions with Microorganisms

17.6 Biological Wastewater Treatment Consequences of MNM Effects on Microorganisms

17.7 Human Health Consequences of MNM Effects on Microorganisms

17.8 Further Remarks and Summary

Acknowledgments

References

18 TOXICITY OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES TO FISH

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Uptake and Bioaccumulation of Engineered Nanoparticles in Fish

18.3 Systemic Toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles to Fish

18.4 Specific Toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles to Target Organs in Fish

18.5 The Influencing Factors of Engineered Nanoparticles for Their Toxicities in Fish

18.6 Toxicological Mechanism of Engineered Nanoparticles

18.7 Perspectives

References

19 TOXICITY OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES TO AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Silver Nanoparticles—A Matter of Dissolution

19.3 Fullerenes—New Materials, New Effects?

19.4 Titanium Dioxide—Shedding Light on Toxicity

19.5 Role of Aquatic Invertebrates in Bioaccumulation Tests

19.6 Summary

References

20 EFFECTS AND UPTAKE OF NANOPARTICLES IN PLANTS

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Phytotoxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles

20.3 Nanoparticle Accumulation

20.4 Trophic Transfer of Engineered Nanomaterials

20.5 Secondary Effects from Nanomaterial Exposure

20.6 Future Research Needs

References

21 FEASIBILITY AND CHALLENGES OF HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS

21.1 Introduction

21.2 How Are Nanomaterials Regulated?

21.3 Hazard Identification/ Characterization

21.4 Integrated (Intelligent) Testing Strategies

21.5 Exposure Assessment

21.6 Risk Characterization and Risk Management

21.7 Conclusion and Recommendations

Acknowledgments

References

Notes

22 ECOTOXICOLOGICAL RISK OF ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS (ENMs) FOR THE HEALTH OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Entry of ENMs into the Marine Environment

22.3 Biotoxicity of ENMs on Marine Organisms

22.4 Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation of ENMs in Marine Environment

22.5 Effects of ENMs on the Bioavailability and Toxicity of Coexisting Pollutants

22.6 Summary and Perspective

Acknowledgments

References

INDEX

EULA

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1

Chapter 2

Table 2.1

Chapter 3

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Chapter 5

Table 5.1

Table 5.2

Chapter 6

Table 6.1

Table 6.2

Chapter 8

Table 8.1

Table 8.2

Chapter 9

Table 9.1

Table 9.2

Chapter 10

Table 10.1

Table 10.2

Table 10.3

Table 10.4

Table 10.5

Table 10.6

Table 10.7

Table 10.8

Table 10.9

Chapter 11

Table 11.1

Table 11.2

Chapter 13

Table 13.1

Table 13.2

Chapter 14

Table 14.1

Table 14.2

Table 14.3

Chapter 17

Table 17.1

Table 17.2

Table 17.3

Chapter 18

Table 18.1

Chapter 19

Table 19.1

Table 19.2

Chapter 22

Table 22.1

Table 22.2

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

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