Equine Injury, Therapy and Rehabilitation E-Book

Mary Bromiley

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 300

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

Mary Bromiley's book remains essential reading for both professionals and the general riding community. This new edition builds on the huge success of the previous editions, first published in 1987. Fully updated to reflect recent technological advances in diagnostic ability, as well as the proven physiological effects of light, magnetic fields and electrical currents on body tissues. This information allows readers to both understand and make an informed choice of appropriate therapy following a diagnosed injury. * The original edition was the first book on the subject and it has continued to be a bestseller. * Covers a subject that is of worldwide interest. * The author is recognised as a pioneer at the forefront of this type of treatment.

Leseprobe

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgements

1 The Musculoskeletal System Explained

Introduction

Members of the team

Interdependence of the body systems

Cells

Bones

Joints

Ligaments

Muscle

Tendons

The respiratory system

The heart

Circulation

The lymphatic system

The nervous system

The skeleton

The hind limbs

The forelimbs

Skeletal muscle

Reflex movement patterns

2 Injury – Effects, Repair and Causes

Common musculoskeletal injuries

Injury and repair

Possible causes of injury

Stable injuries

All-weather surfaces and gallops

Tooth problems as a cause of injury

The foot and shoe as a possible cause of injury

Saddles as a cause of injury

3 Problem Assessment

Soft tissue examination

Imaging as an aid to diagnosis

Ultrasonic scanning

Heart rate computers

4 Common Sites of Injury in the Horse

5 Therapy

First aid

Treatment

Massage

Hand massage

Mechanical massagers

Cold and heat

Cold and its uses

Methods of employing ice/water therapy

Heat

Cellular effects in response to varied stimulation

Magnetic field therapy PMF (pulsed magnetic flow) and static magnet fields

Ultrasound

Light therapy

Laser therapy

Light emitting diodes

Electrical stimulation of muscle

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators (TENS)

Manipulation

6 Rehabilitation

Reflex action

Muscle re-education

Passive movements

Rehabilitation aidsy

Hydrotherapy

Thalassotherapy

Long reining

Ridden work

Summary

7 The Back – Horse and Human

The horse

The human back

8 Common Rider Injuries

Rider injuries

Types of injury

General rehabilitation

Appendix I The Veterinary Act

Veterinary surgeons, guide to professional conduct

Treatment of animals by non veterinary surgeons

Appendix II Bandaging

Types of bandage

Appendix III Cupping

Appendix IV Points for Those Treating Horses

Machines

General points

The owner

Appendix V Use of Anti-Concussion Pads

Appendix VI Suppliers of Machines Suitable for Animal Physiotherapy

General suppliers UK

Bibliography

Glossary

Index

© Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007

© Mary Bromiley 1987, 1993

Blackwell Publishing editorial offices:

Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK

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Blackwell Publishing Professional, 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA

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The right of the Author to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act

1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.

First edition published 1987 by Collins Professional Books

Reprinted by BSP Professional Books

Second edition published 1993 by Blackwell Science

This edition published 2007 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd

ISBN: 978-1-4051-5061-3

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Bromiley, Mary W.

Equine injury, therapy and rehabilitation / Mary W. Bromiley; drawings by Penelope

Slattery; photographs by Penelope Slattery and the author. – 3rd ed.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN: 978-1-4051-5061-3 (pbk.: alk. paper)

1. Horses–Wounds and injuries. 2. Horsemen and horsewomen–Wounds

and injuries. I. Title.

[DNLM: 1. Horses–injuries. 2. Wounds and Injuries–rehabilitation. 3. Wounds

and Injuries–therapy. 4. Wounds and Injuries–veterinary. SF 951 B868e 2007]

SF951.B86 2007

636.1′08971–dc22

2006031999

A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library

Set in 10.5/12.5pt Palatino

by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong

The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards.

For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website:

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Disclaimer

There are no restrictions for the administration of human therapy, but in the UK a Parliamentary Act, The Veterinary Act (1966), restricts the examination, for the making of a diagnosis and subsequent treatment, by any person other than a veterinary surgeon.

It should be clearly understood by anyone practising the techniques or giving therapy, as described in this book, that to do so without veterinary permission from the vet normally in charge of the animal, constitutes a legal offence.

It is very important to be aware that there are risks attached to the giving of all forms of therapy and also to personnel, when working with horses or ponies. Neither the author nor publisher can be held responsible in any way for injury sustained to any person or animal if they administer therapy or rehabilitation in the manner described, after reading this book. Neither can the author or publisher be held responsible for any adverse effects or injury resulting from the inappropriate use of massage, therapy machines/apparatus, aids and exercises for therapy and rehabilitation.

Foreword

I have suffered many injuries through car accidents and falling off horses: a pin through my right ankle, a broken femur with a pin in my knee etc. They say I limp, but I believe God has made me suffer so that I can understand the way horses can feel, even with the most minor injury. Any one who lands on stones, uneven, or hard ground with an injury, however minor, experiences the jarring effect.

However minor an injury, a horse cannot perform to its best. Mary advises us on suitable therapies, whether the horse has had a fall or a specific injury, in order to keep the horse in good shape.

I was sent a horse towards the end of its career that had major problems. Mary looked, pointed out all the many defects and I was upset, but she said ‘don’t worry, we will have to rebuild him’. I thought she was being rather optimistic, but she said to go back to basics and start at the beginning, long rein over poles, get him to use himself, build his back up on the weak side with weights, lots of long, slow work. The horse in question was Carvills Hill and his history – he went on to win the Rehearsal Chase at Chepstow followed by the Welsh Grand National, a weight carrying performance not equalled and in record time, ridden by Peter Scudamore, whom Mary advised on the best way to make Carvills Hill use himself. He then achieved a phenomenal third consecutive win, the Hennessy Gold Cup at Leopardstown when he was ten years old. It was all down to Mary, her technique, her patience and eye for detail of every muscle on the horse. The latest high profile winner is Celestial Gold; Mary helped him win the big race at Aintree 2006.

I am extremely fortunate to have Mary work for me, sharing her wealth of knowledge and unparalleled expertise which is hugely beneficial when preparing the equine athlete and has helped me to train, to date, over 4000 winners.

Martin Pipe CBEFifteen times champion National Hunt Trainer

Preface

An ongoing relationship has existed between man and horse since domestication of the latter began, as conclusively demonstrated by archaeological excavation, some 6000 years ago.

For domestication, dictionary definition, ‘trained to live with and be kept by man’, substitute ‘source of multiple usage’; food, transport, and later, following the invention of the wheel, the engine for vehicle/chariot. Archaeologists suggest the relationship may have actually been mutually beneficial, a two-way adaptation, rather than man dominance. A type of compatible evolution, the horse possibly recognising stewardship by man, reduced the ever-present danger of attacks by predators, man realising a source of semi-tame meat was advantageous.

When tamed and ridden, the speed of the horse was also advantageous, at full gallop, times of up to 70 k per hour have been recorded. Another plus was the fact that unlike the domesticated, cloven-footed species, camel, ox, sheep, and goat, the horse was able to survive, due to an unique digestive ability, on poor-quality forage; the equine caecum able to break down the cellulose contained in stalks, stems, leaves, and coarse grasses indigestible in other species. The horse can also digest even when on the move, unlike the cloven-footed species, who not only require a better type of fodder, but even if this is available, require long periods of recumbency to ‘chew the cud’, a process of regurgitation required to achieve fermentation. This factor reduced their usefulness as a means of transport.

Mechanisation has changed the role of the horse; no longer required, except in a few remote areas, as a means for transport and survival, the animal has become, not just a source of pleasure, but a competition adjunct, enabling man to extend his prowess through equestrian sports; polo and racing both brought back from the Mongolian steppes; dressage, originating from movements taught for combat survival; chariot racing has been replaced by competitive driving. Show jumping, eventing, endurance riding, the list continues to expand, the most recent being horse-drawn surfing.

This transition from necessity to pleasure has tended to distort the true nature of the horse, due to the incorrect assumption that human thought processes and concepts, particularly when preparing for athletic prowess, also apply to the horse. Man and horse are two very differing species and an appreciation of this fact is essential for those working with horses, particularly those who work as trainers and therapists for with every type of physical activity there is the possibility of injury. This book attempts to increase the understanding of those involved with horses, by explaining, in relatively simple terms, the interaction and reliance of the body systems one to another, the construction of the musculoskeletal system, the general effects of injury, and the repair processes of tissues following damage in a species differing from man.

Added to this information, the text contains, as far as they are currently understood, the facts about therapy machines along with a description of the varied methods of aiding repair, this in order to enable the reader to make an informed choice from the available options; it may entail simple applications of heat, cold, massage, or possibly the use of sophisticated machines. Also described is the advisability of, and reasons for, controlled activity.

Acknowledgements

My grateful thanks go to the members of the veterinary profession who have trusted me with their patients, and to all the owners, trainers and head lads who, over the years, have given me support and help by allowing me to work with them and their horses. Thanks also go to my two daughters Pelly and Rabbit who work with me and without whose help the rehabilitation would be impossible.

Dedicated to my late Father

Robert Hamilton Miller,

Veterinary Surgeon and Medical Practitioner

1

The Musculoskeletal System Explained

Introduction

The goals following tissue breakdown are similar in both man and horse; to restore the pre-injury state of the whole by persuading the affected tissue to repair as rapidly and efficiently as possible. The first consideration, when something goes wrong is, ‘Why did it happen’? Sometimes the answer is obvious, but in most cases a broad-based investigative route is required to source the primary cause of the problem.

A quick illustration to demonstrate that treatment of the obvious may not constitute a cure. A patient presented with a tennis elbow, appropriate treatment resolved the problem, three weeks later she was back needing further treatment. In-depth discussion unfortunately failed to identify the cause. Shortly after her fifth treatment she was spotted wrestling with an up-and-over garage door. It was suggested that the garage door mechanism be oiled and she did not reappear for treatment. When the account was paid an enclosure stated, ‘Quite an expensive oil can!’